Oral Wound Healing Research Articles

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Activity of Pluchea indica L. (Less) Branch Extract Nanoparticles.

Proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts play an important role in cutaneous wound healing, while oral mucosal squamous cell proliferation and migration are crucial for oral wound healing. In this study, the phytochemical profile of Pluchea indica branch ethanolic extract was characterized. The bioactive compound of Pluchea indica branch ethanolic extract was identified and analyzed by the validated HPLC method. The nanoparticles of P. indica branch extract were formulated by solvent displacement method to increase the solubility and the colloidal stability of the extract. The stability of the nanoparticles was investigated by using the dynamic light scattering technique. Effects of P. indica crude extract and nanoparticles on cell viability, proliferation and migration of primary epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal fibroblasts, and oral mucosal keratinocyte cells were investigated by MTT assay and scratch assay, respectively. The results showed that P. indica branch extract contained a high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids. The HPLC analysis revealed that the main compound in the extract was 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The cell viability of the extract and nanoparticles decreased when cells were exposed to a high concentration of extract and nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that P. indica branch extract and extract nanoparticles at specific concentrations possess in vitro wound healing activity and they may be possibly used to treat different types of wounds including dermal and oral mucosal wounds.

Patient-reported outcome measures comparing static computer-aided implant surgery and conventional implant surgery for single-tooth replacement: A randomized controlledtrial.

To compare static computer-aided implant surgery (s-CAIS) and conventional implant surgery (CIS) for single-tooth replacement in posterior sites in terms of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). Forty patients were divided into two groups for treatment with s-CAIS (Test) and CIS (Control). Patients' anxiety level was measured using the modified dental anxiety score before implant surgery. After surgery, patients completed two questionnaires for 7days. The first questionnaire assessed pain level using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the incident rate of pain using a 5-point Likert scale; analgesic intake was also recorded. The second questionnaire investigated patients' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) including postoperative symptoms, oral function, and daily activity. The difference between data was compared at significance level (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in pretreatment dental anxiety level, postoperative pain scores, and OHRQoL between treatment groups. Overall, mild or moderate dental anxiety was reported by 70% and 20% of patients, respectively. Pain score was significantly reduced by postoperative Day 3 in the test group and Day 4 in the control group, compared with baseline. Both groups significant reduced analgesic intake by postoperative Day 5. Most OHRQoL-related complaints subsided approximately 3days after surgery. Overall, PROMs between s-CAIS and CIS were not significantly different for the single-tooth implant surgery in the posterior area. Postoperative symptoms after implant surgery still inevitably occurred, reflecting the normal process of oral wound healing.

Lyophilised Amniotic Membrane in Intraoral Surgical Defects: A Prospective Clinical Study.

Introduction:The incidence of infection and scarring in intraoral raw wounds are decreased when wounds are grafted with biological materials. The favourable results of many studies about amniotic membrane in wound healing inspired us to investigate the effects of lyophilised amniotic membrane in intaoral surgical defects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the healing of oral mucosal defects after application of lyophilised amniotic membrane (AM).Methods:Fifteen patients with oral precancerous lesions were included in this study. Lyophilised amniotic membrane was applied to the intraoral surgical defect, after wide excision of the lesion. The effectiveness of the lyophilised AM was evaluated by scoring the following parameters operability, haemostatic status, pain, feeding situation, epithelialisation, change in mouth opening, mucosal suppleness and safety.Results:The lyophilised amniotic membrane has been found to be effective in this study after evaluation of the parameters. No infection or allergic reaction was noticed after application of the lyophilised amniotic membrane in intraoral surgical defects.Discussion:In our study, the size and site of the surgical defect influenced the scar contracture so we suggest lyophilised AM may not prevent scarring for extensive surgical defects. All other findings regarding the effectiveness of lyophilised amniotic membrane in oral wound healing are in accordance with the findings of other studies conducted on hyperdry and cryopreserved AM.Conclusion:Within the limitations of the study, the results showed that the lyophilised amniotic membrane is a cost effective material for immediate coverage of the intraoral surgical defects.

Oral microbiome in children with dystrophic recessive epidermolysis bullosa

Was to assess bacterial load in oral wounds in children with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB). The study comprised 77 RDEB children aged 3-18 years (mean age 9.5±3.6 years) and 27 healthy children aged 4-18 years (mean age 9.8±4.1 years) who served as controls. Swabs for bacteriological study were taken from the oral wounds in RDEB patients and non-affected corresponding oral mucosa areas in controls. The microorganism growth was assessed after 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation (37 °C and 30 °C) with subsequent identification in automatic bacteriological analyzer MicroScan Walk Away (Simens, USA). Results. The study revealed high prevalence and concentrations of Candida albicans (in 40.3% children), Staphilococcus aureus (23.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (9.1%), and Enterobacteria (10.4%) in RDEB children. From these species, only Candida albicans was present in controls (26%). The prevalence and concentration of commensal and pathogenic species correlated positively with age and significant difference was revealed between children at the age of 3-6 and 7-10 years (p=0.001). Thus, bacterial load in oral wounds correlates with the RDEB natural history and fibrosis progression. Delayed oral wound healing was associated with microbiome shift towards biofilm-producing bacteria Staphilococcus aureus and Enterobacter cloacae. Oral wounds microbiome may be an indicator of RDEB severity and tendency to oral fibrosis. The decrease of bacterial load in the oral wounds may remove one of the healing obstacles and serve as fibrosis prevention measure.

Does Probiotic Consumption Enhance Wound Healing? A Systematic Review.

The use of probiotics is one of the emerging lines of treatment for wound healing. This systematic review aimed to summarize currently available evidence on the effect of oral or enteral probiotic therapy on skin or oral mucosal wound healing in humans. To verify the developments in this field and the level of available scientific evidence, we applied a broad search strategy with no restrictions on wound type, target population, probiotic strain, or intervention protocol used. This review included seven studies involving 348 individuals. Four studies reported positive outcomes for healing improvement after probiotic therapy, and none of the studies reported adverse effects or a marked increase in wound healing time. The positive or neutral results observed do not generate strong evidence regarding the effectiveness of probiotics for wound healing. However, they suggest a promising field for future clinical research where the probiotic strains used, type of wounds, and target population are controlled for.

GENETIC ASSOCIATION OF HYPOXIA INDUCIBLE FACTOR (HIF) – 1 ALPHA GENE AND RESIDUAL RIDGE RESORPTION OF JAW BONE

Due to considerable alterations in individual bone structure, the residual ridge is constantly under the stress of bone resorption. In certain circumstances, this can cause disproportionate bone deterioration, making restorative dental management difficult. This inimitable curative procedure in the oral cavity is affected by specific factors in the oral tissue. A variety of HIFs are expressed during the healing of oral wounds in comparison to skin wounds. The target of this review article was to look at a cistron tic connotation among SNP of the HIF-1 α gene that is understood to own great genetic diversity, and also the residual ridge reabsorption (RRR). Hence, this review concentrates on the association and genetic basis of HIF α gene in residual ridge resorption.

KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND ATTITUDE OF DIABETIC PATIENTS TOWARDS THE ORAL FACETS ALLIED TO DIABETES MELLITUS: A SURVEY BASED STUDY

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus has become a global epidemic, the complications of which have a signicant impact on the quality of life and longevity of the sufferers. Oral diseases associated with diabetes mellitus include salivary dysfunction, taste dysfunction, fungal infection, bacterial infections, poor oral wound healing, oral mucosal disease, and neuro-sensory oral disorder.Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, awarenesss and attitude of diabetic patients towards the oral facets allied to type II diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY: The cross-sectional questionnaire study was was administered to 100 type II diabetic patients of which 60 were males and 40 females from inpatient and outpatient department of General Medicine, Rajarjeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore. Clinical examination was done using The Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN index). RESULTS: Out of 100 subjects, 60 were males and 40 females. As per the data, only 4.4% were aware that poor oral health is associated with diabetes The knowledge about the extra care that diabetic patients should take with their oral hygiene was also not adequate. Clinical examination revealed a scoring of 3 and 4 indicating poor oral health.

Effects of Melatonin on Primary Oral Wound Healing in Rats

Effects of Melatonin on Primary Oral Wound Healing in Rats

RNAseq of TGF-\u03b2 receptor type I kinase-dependent genes in oral fibroblast exposed to milk

BackgroundMilk is a rich source of natural growth factors that may support oral tissue homeostasis and wound healing. We had shown earlier that blocking TGF-β receptor type I kinase with the inhibitor SB431542 abolished the expression of IL11 and other genes in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to the aqueous fraction of milk. Our aim was to identify the entire signature of TGF-β receptor type I kinase-dependent genes regulated by the aqueous fraction of human milk.ResultRNAseq revealed 99 genes being strongly regulated by milk requiring activation of the SB431542-dependent TGF-β receptor type I kinase. Among the SB431542-dependent genes is IL11 but also cadherins, claudins, collagens, potassium channels, keratins, solute carrier family proteins, transcription factors, transmembrane proteins, tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily members, and tetraspanin family members. When focusing on our candidate gene, we could identify D609 to suppress IL11 expression, independent of phospholipase C, sphinosine-1 phosphate synthesis, and Smad-3 phosphorylation and its nuclear translocation. In contrast, genistein and blocking phosphoinositide 3-kinases by wortmannin and LY294002 increased the milk-induced IL11 expression in gingival fibroblasts.ConclusionTaken together, our data revealed TGF-β receptor type I kinase signaling to cause major changes of the genetic signature of gingival fibroblasts exposed to aqueous fraction of human milk.

Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the oral mucosa traumatic lesion treatment in patients with a comorbidity

Relevance. Patients with diabetes are prone to complications which negatively affect their quality of life. In such patients, several comorbidities may develop. One of the complications of diabetes mellitus is an impaired wound healing. Oral wound healing associated with the constant chronic trauma by sharp edges of teeth and prostheses is not an exception. Such wounds are characterized by a long, persistent, sluggish process of restoring the integrity of the oral mucosa epithelium.Materials and methods. In this paper, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of wound treatment was carried out in 52 patients with diabetes mellitus. All patients were randomized into two equal groups. In the first group of patients, wounds were treated with traditional methods of pharmacotherapy, while in the second group, the oral mucosa was exposed to ozone and ozonated oil was applied. The patients were monitored and followed up for 14 days and as the reparative function was restored. The area and depth of the wound, the nature and amount of exudate, destruction, the edges of the wound and the surrounding connective tissue were taken into account.Results. The positive wound healing process was noted in both groups during the follow-up period. However, the inclusion of the ozone therapy in the treatment protocol favored faster restoration of the epithelium integrity.Conclusion. The present data will help dentists monitor and treat the wound process, which in turn will prevent malignancy as well as improve the prognosis for patients with diabetes.

Curcumin upregulates transforming growth factor-\u03b21, its receptors, and vascular endothelial growth factor expressions in an in vitro human gingival fibroblast wound healing model

BackgroundCurcumin accelerates healing of oral wounds; however, the responsible mechanisms remain underexplored. Our hypothesis is curcumin regulates the expression of wound healing-related genes in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). This study investigated whether curcumin regulates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, type I TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRI), type II TGF-β receptor (TGF-βRII), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in unwounded hGFs and an in vitro hGF wound healing model.MethodsThe cytotoxicity of curcumin was evaluated using the MTT assay. Unwounded hGFs were treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin for 24 h. Gene expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Then, hGFs were treated with 1 µM curcumin in an in vitro wound healing model. PD98059 pretreatment was performed to determine whether extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling was required for regulation of gene expression by curcumin.ResultsCurcumin at 0.1–20 µM caused no significant change in cell viability. In unwounded hGFs, curcumin had no significant effect on TGF-β1, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, or VEGF expression. Conversely, curcumin significantly upregulated the expression of these genes in the in vitro wound healing model. PD98059 significantly attenuated the curcumin-stimulated TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF expression, whereas it had no effect on TGF-β1 expression.ConclusionsCurcumin upregulated TGF-β1, TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF expression in an in vitro hGF wound healing model. The ERK pathway is required for TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII, and VEGF induction by curcumin. Our findings support the development of curcumin as a therapeutic agent for gingival ulcers.

Promoting Oral Mucosal Wound Healing with a Hydrogel Adhesive Based on a Phototriggered S-Nitrosylation Coupling Reaction.

The wet and highly dynamic environment of the mouth makes local treatment of oral mucosal diseases challenging. To overcome this, a photo-crosslinking hydrogel adhesive is developed inspired by the success of light-curing techniques in dentistry. The adhesive operates on a fast (within 5 s) phototriggered S-nitrosylation coupling reaction and employs imine anchoring to connect to host tissues. Unlike other often-used clinical agents that adhere weakly and for short durations, this thin, elastic, adhesive, and degradable cyclic o-nitrobenzyl-modified hyaluronic acid gel protects mucosal wounds from disturbance by liquid rinsing, oral movement, and friction for more than 24 h. The results from both rat and pig oral mucosa repair models demonstrate that this new gel adhesive creates a favorable microenvironment for tissue repair and can shorten tissue healing time. This study thus illustrates a therapeutic strategy with the potential to advance the treatment of oral mucosal defects in the clinic.

Verbascoside Protects Gingival Cells against High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress via PKC/HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB Pathway.

Impaired wound healing often occurs in patients with diabetes and causes great inconvenience to them. Aside from the presence of prolonged inflammation, the accumulation of oxidative stress is also implicated in the delayed wound healing. In the present study, we tested the effect of verbascoside, a caffeoyl phenylethanoid glycoside, on the improvement of cell viability and wound healing capacity of gingival epithelial cells under high glucose condition. We showed that verbascoside attenuated the high glucose-induced cytotoxicity and impaired healing, which may be associated with the downregulation of oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated that verbascoside increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD and reduced the oxidative stress indicator, 8-OHdG, as well as apoptosis. Moreover, verbascoside upregulated the PGC1-α and NRF1 expression and promoted mitochondrial biogenesis, which was mediated by suppression of PKC/HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB signaling. Likewise, we showed the inhibitory effect of verbascoside on oxidative stress was via repression of PKC/HMGB1/RAGE/NFκB activation. Also, our data suggested that the PKC-mediated oxidative stress may lead to the elevated production of inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-1β. Collectively, we demonstrated that verbascoside may be beneficial to ameliorate impaired oral wound healing for diabetic patients.

Geranyl-geraniol addition affects potency of bisphosphonates—a comparison in vitro promising a therapeutic approach for bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw and oral wound healing

PurposeAnalysis of the influence of geranyl-geraniol (GG) addition on four bisphosphonate derivatives regarding their influence on cell viability and migration ability of bone metabolism and endothelial cells in vitro.MethodsClodronate, pamidronate, ibandronate, and zoledronate were observed with and without GG addition, for their effect on human osteoblasts (HOB), normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF), human endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and endothelial cells of the human umbilical cord (HUVEC) using migration-, MTT-, and colony-forming cell assays.ResultsData pointed to a depressing effect of all bisphosphonates on the migration ability of NHDF, EPC, and HOB. MTT assay demonstrated a decreased cell viability of HUVEC of all bisphosphonates in a 50 μM concentration and of NHDF when treated with 50 μM of clodronate, ibandronate, or zoledronate. Tested drugs showed a depressing effect on colony-forming potential of EPC even in a 5 μM concentration. GG addition demonstrated an attenuate impact on bisphosphonate effect on all primary cell cultures, respectively.ConclusionIn vitro comparison showed that the addition of GG weakens the effect of all bisphosphonates examined. It supports investigations that suggest GG to be able to prevent bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BP-ONJ) in vivo. Future clinical trials may discover the local therapeutic use of GG for the prevention of BP-ONJ.

The Bigger Picture: Why Oral Mucosa Heals Better Than Skin.

Wound healing is an essential process to restore tissue integrity after trauma. Large skin wounds such as burns often heal with hypertrophic scarring and contractures, resulting in disfigurements and reduced joint mobility. Such adverse healing outcomes are less common in the oral mucosa, which generally heals faster compared to skin. Several studies have identified differences between oral and skin wound healing. Most of these studies however focus only on a single stage of wound healing or a single cell type. The aim of this review is to provide an extensive overview of wound healing in skin versus oral mucosa during all stages of wound healing and including all cell types and molecules involved in the process and also taking into account environmental specific factors such as exposure to saliva and the microbiome. Next to intrinsic properties of resident cells and differential expression of cytokines and growth factors, multiple external factors have been identified that contribute to oral wound healing. It can be concluded that faster wound closure, the presence of saliva, a more rapid immune response, and increased extracellular matrix remodeling all contribute to the superior wound healing and reduced scar formation in oral mucosa, compared to skin.

Differential Inflammatory Responses in the Healing of Oral Mucosa and Skin Wounds

Differential Inflammatory Responses in the Healing of Oral Mucosa and Skin Wounds

Anthocyanin complex niosome gel accelerates oral wound healing: In vitro and clinical studies

An anthocyanin complex (AC), composed of extracts of purple waxy corn and blue butterfly pea petals, and AC niosomes, bilayered vesicles of non-ionic surfactants, were compared in in vitro and clinical studies. Cultured fibroblasts subjected to a scratch wound were monitored for cell viability, cell migration, nuclear morphology and protein expression. Scratched cells showed accelerated wound healing activity, returning to normal 24 h after treatment with AC niosomes (0.002 mg/mL). Western blots and immunocytochemistry indicated upregulation of type I, III and IV collagens, fibronectin and laminins in AC niosome-treated scratched cells. A randomized block placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial in 60 volunteers (18-60 years old) with oral wounds indicated that AC niosome gel accelerated wound closure, reduced pain due to the oral wounds and improved participants' quality of life more than AC gel, triamcinolone gel and placebo gel. These data are consistent with enhanced delivery of AC to fibroblasts by use of niosomes. AC niosomes activated fibroblasts within wounded regions and accelerated wound healing, indicating that AC niosomes have therapeutic potential.

Salivary VEGF and post-extraction wound healing in type 2 diabetic immediate denture wearers

Objective Oral wound healing in healthy could be promoted by VEGF in saliva, and immediate denture wearing, but data in type 2 diabetes are lacking. Aims were to investigate the timeline of extraction wound healing in diabetic participants wearing immediate dentures and its correlation to salivary VEGF, as well as to examine the impact of the palatal plate on tissue VEGF during palatal wound healing in rat diabetic model. Material and methods Healthy (42) and type 2 diabetic (36) denture wearers, candidates for teeth extractions were included. Extraction wound healing was followed via measurements of socket closure, gingival hyperaemia, pain and presence of necrosis on 3rd, 7th, 14th and on 21st-day post-extraction. Salivary VEGF was measured before and on the 3rd and 21st day after the extraction. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic (30) as well as non-diabetic rats (30), tissue VEGF was measured in palatal wounds healing under or without a palatal plate. Results Type 2 diabetic prosthetic patients exhibit delayed socket closure, with pronounced hyperaemia, pain and necrosis. Salivary VEGF is increased in diabetes and positively correlates to socket closure while negatively with pain on 21st day after the extraction. Palatal incision induced VEGF increase in non-diabetic and diabetic, but less pronounced in diabetic rats. Wound healing under the palatal plate exhibit higher tissue VEGF. Conclusion Type 2 diabetes-induced increase in salivary VEGF may mitigate diabetes-induced detrimental effects on extraction wound healing. Lack of adequate tissue VEGF response to injury may underly dysregulation of diabetic oral wound healing.

Local delivery of FTY720 induces neutrophil activation through chemokine signaling in an oronasal fistula model

PurposeCleft palate repair surgeries lack a regenerative reconstructive option and, in many cases, develop complications including oronasal fistula (ONF). Our group has developed a novel murine phenocopy of ONF to study the oral cavity wound healing program. Using this model, our team previously identified that delivery of FTY720 on a nanofiber scaffold had a unique immunomodulatory effect directing macrophages and monocytes into a pro-regenerative state during ONF healing. Here, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of local biomaterial-based FTY720 delivery in the ONF model on the early bulk gene expression and neutrophil phenotypic response within the regenerating tissue.MethodsUsing a mouse model of ONF formation, a palate defect was created and was treated with FTY720 nanofiber scaffolds or (blank) vehicle control nanofibers. At 1 and 3 days post-implantation, ONF oral mucosal tissue from the defect region was collected for RNA sequencing analysis or flow cytometry. For the RNA-seq expression profiling, intracellular pathways were assessed using the KEGG Pathway database and Gene Ontology (GO) Terms enrichment interactive graph. To assess the effects of FTY720 on different neutrophil subpopulations, flow cytometry data was analyzed using pseudotime analysis based on Spanning-tree Progression Analysis of Density-normalized Events (SPADE).ResultsRNA sequencing analysis of palate mucosa injured tissue identified 669 genes that were differentially expressed (DE) during the first 3 days of ONF wound healing after local delivery of FTY720, including multiple genes in the sphingolipid signaling pathway. Evaluation of the DE genes at the KEGG Pathway database also identified the inflammatory immune response pathways (chemokine signaling, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and leukocyte transendothelial migration), and the Gene Ontology enrichment analysis identified neutrophil chemotaxis and migration terms. SPADE dendrograms of CD11b+Ly6G+ neutrophils at both day 1 and day 3 post-injury showed significantly distinct subpopulations of neutrophils in oral mucosal defect tissue from the FTY720 scaffold treatment group compared to the vehicle control group (blank). Increased expression of CD88 and Vav1, among other genes, were found and staining of the ONF area demonstrated increased VAV1 staining in FTY720‐treated healing oral mucosa.ConclusionTreatment of oral mucosal defects using FTY720 scaffolds is a promising new immunotherapy to improve healing outcomes and reducing ONF formation during cleft palate surgical repair. Local delivery of FTY720 nanofiber scaffolds during ONF healing significantly shifted early gene transcription associated with immune cell recruitment and modulation of the immune microenvironment results in distinct neutrophil subpopulations in the oral mucosal defect tissue that provides a critical shift toward pro-regenerative immune signaling.

Assessment of the Vanillin Anti-Inflammatory and Regenerative Potentials in Inflamed Primary Human Gingival Fibroblast.

Background Inflammatory responses have been associated with delayed oral mucosal wound healing and the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease. The invasion of microbes into the tissues and the establishment of a chronic infection may be due to impaired healing. The protracted inflammatory phase may delay wound healing and probably support tissue fibrosis and reduce tissue regeneration. Vanillin is a well-known natural compound with potential anti-inflammatory capacity. Hence, we hypothesized that Vanillin could accelerate wound healing reducing inflammation and especially cytokine production making the oral tissue repair process easier. Methods Our hypothesis was tested using primary human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cell pretreated with Vanillin and primed with IL-1β, as inductor of proinflammatory environment. After 24 hours of treatments, the gene expression and production of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, COX-2, iNOS, and nitric oxide (NO) generation and the wound healing rate were determined. Results In IL-1β-primed cells, preincubation with Vanillin reduced IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, and iNOS expression and NO release, compared to IL-1β-primed cells. Moreover, Vanillin determines the increased gene expression of nAChRα7, leading us to hypothesize a role of Vanillin in the activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Furthermore, in presence of mechanical injury, the Vanillin preincubation, wound closure may be reducing the expression and release of IL-6 and TNF-α and upregulation of COX-2 and IL-8. Conclusion Together, the results of this study highlight the anti-inflammatory and tissue repair ability of Vanillin in IL-1β-primed HGF. Therefore, Vanillin shows a potential therapeutic interest as an inflammatory modulator molecule with novel application in periodontal regeneration and oral health.