Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, and Wound Healing Activity of Pluchea indica L. (Less) Branch Extract Nanoparticles.

Rattanakorn Chiangnoon,Sarana Rose Sommano,Warintorn Ruksiriwanich,Chuda Chittasupho,Wullapa Jittachai,Weerasak Samee,Sirivan Athikomkulchai,Pimpon Uttayarat

doi:10.3390/molecules27030635

Rattanakorn Chiangnoon, Sarana Rose Sommano + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030635

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Abstract

Proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and fibroblasts play an important role in cutaneous wound healing, while oral mucosal squamous cell proliferation and migration are crucial for oral wound healing. In this study, the phytochemical profile of Pluchea indica branch ethanolic extract was characterized. The bioactive compound of Pluchea indica branch ethanolic extract was identified and analyzed by the validated HPLC method. The nanoparticles of P. indica branch extract were formulated by solvent displacement method to increase the solubility and the colloidal stability of the extract. The stability of the nanoparticles was investigated by using the dynamic light scattering technique. Effects of P. indica crude extract and nanoparticles on cell viability, proliferation and migration of primary epidermal keratinocytes, human dermal fibroblasts, and oral mucosal keratinocyte cells were investigated by MTT assay and scratch assay, respectively. The results showed that P. indica branch extract contained a high content of total phenolic and total flavonoids. The HPLC analysis revealed that the main compound in the extract was 4,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. The cell viability of the extract and nanoparticles decreased when cells were exposed to a high concentration of extract and nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that P. indica branch extract and extract nanoparticles at specific concentrations possess in vitro wound healing activity and they may be possibly used to treat different types of wounds including dermal and oral mucosal wounds.

Highlights

The wound healing process consists of four main phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [1]
Primary Epidermal keratinocytes (ATCC® Number: PCS-200-011), human dermal fibroblast cells line (HDFB) and dermal cell basal medium plus keratinocyte growth kit were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA)
P. indica branch extract obtained from maceration with 95% ethanol was concentrated and dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator

Summary

Introduction

The wound healing process consists of four main phases, including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling [1]. Re-epithelization involves new blood vessel formation, proliferation and migration of cells, such as keratinocytes and fibroblasts [2]. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts migrate to the wound lesion and proliferate to generate new tissue. Keratinocytes are the predominant cell types of the epidermis and play an important role in the wound healing process. Multiple factors can affect wound healing by interfering with one or more of the healing processes, resulting in impaired tissue repair. These can be divided into local factors, such as oxygenation, infection, and vascular insufficiency. We used a buccal mucosa squamous cell to investigate the effect of P. indica branch extract and NPs on oral mucosal wound healing

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