Head Section Research Articles

Effect of Seed Position in the Pod on the Germination and Development of Telfairia occidentalis

This study was aimede effect of seed location in the pod on the germination and development of Telfairia occidentalis and to identify the portion of the seed pod that contain more female plants. This study was conducted at the Department of Botany experimental garden, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka during the 2019 planting season. There was five different seed location in the pod, the far-head (FH), near-head (NH), middle (M), far-tail (FT) and near-tail (NT) regions which were treated with poultry manure. The results of this study revealed that the location of seed in the seed pod of fluted pumpkin affects germination and vegetative growth. The growth parameter data results showed that the seeds located in the middle section of a pod of fluted pumpkin are far much better than those seeds collected from the head section in terms of length of vine, stem girth, a number of nodes number of leaves, leaf area, percentage of germination, fresh weight and dry weight. The results provide an important tool for the improvement of the yield of fluted pumpkin and also a foundation for numerous researches yet to come.

Fungsi dan Makna Desain Karakter Wayang Potehi Lakon Shi Jhin Kwie

The object of this research is to analyze the functions and meanings of the characters of Wayang Potehi or Potehi puppet by taking the play of Shi Jin Kwie. The play is a popular fiction story which was later adapted into the story of Prabu Lisanpuro in Javanese theater (ketoprak). The results of the research found the organology structure of Wayang Potehi. It consists of 2, namely (1) parts of the body; head, hand, feet, and (2) clothing; along with ornaments and additional accessories such as swords and hats. The head section can be identified as the interpretation of the puppet character. For instance, an antagonist character depicted as if he was using a Balinese leak mask with his mouth open and angry. The clothes could be the interpretation of social status. For example, the villagers wear plain clothes without ornaments, while the nobles use yellow, red clothing with a dragon/ phoenix pattern. There are 4 types of character design in this show, specifically (1) the firm/ wise character, (2) the entertaining character, (3) the functionaries/ officials/ priyayi character, (4) the antagonist character. Especially for entertaining characters, it has a dual function; to return the underlying causes of the story and become the spy of the enemy. The methods used in this research are personality theory and functional theory approaches. Keywords: potehi character design, Shi Jin Kwie, Function of potehi

A method to quantify regional axonal transport blockade at the optic nerve head after short term intraocular pressure elevation in mice

Axonal transport blockade is an initial step in retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in glaucoma and targeting maintenance of normal axonal transport could confer neuroprotection. We present an objective, quantitative method for assessing axonal transport blockade in mouse glaucoma models. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated unilaterally in CD1 mice for 3 days using intracameral microbead injection. Longitudinal sections of optic nerve head (ONH) were immunofluorescently labeled for myelin basic protein (MBP) and amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is transported predominantly orthograde by neurons. The beginning of the myelin transition zone, visualized with the MBP label, was more posterior with elevated IOP, 288.8 ± 40.9 μm, compared to normotensive control eyes, 228.7 ± 32.7 μm (p = 0.030, N = 6 pairs). Glaucomatous regional APP accumulations in retina, prelaminar ONH, unmyelinated ONH, and myelinated optic nerve were identified by objective qualification of pixels with fluorescent intensity greater than the 97.5th percentile value of control eyes (suprathreshold pixels). This method segregated images with APP blockade from those with normal transport of APP. The fraction of suprathreshold pixels was significantly higher following IOP elevation than in normotensive controls in the unmyelinated ONH and myelinated nerve regions (paired analyses, p = 0.02 and 0.003, respectively, N = 12), but not in retina or prelaminar ONH (p = 0.91 and 0.08, respectively). The mean intensity of suprathreshold pixels was also significantly greater in glaucoma than in normotensive controls in prelaminar ONH, unmyelinated ONH and myelinated optic nerve (p = 0.01, 0.01, 0.002, respectively). Using this method, subconjunctival glyceraldehyde, which is known to worsen long-term RGC loss with IOP elevation, also produced greater APP blockade, but not statistically significant compared to glaucoma alone. Systemic losartan, which aids RGC axonal survival in glaucoma, reduced APP blockade, but not statistically significant compared to glaucoma alone. The method provides a short-term assessment of axonal injury for use in initial tests of neuroprotective therapies that may beneficially affect RGC transport in animal models of glaucoma.

The Deaf Culture Panel: Introducing Culture into Anatomy Education

The anatomy laboratory is a place where one can integrate education in basic science and professionalism in medicine. Cultural competence is one component of professionalism that has received less attention in the anatomical sciences as opposed to other competencies. Yet cultural competence is imperative in providing appropriate and effective communication and care across multiple patient populations. A lack of such competence has contributed to heath care disparities between hearing and d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) patients. Therefore, this study sought out to introduce and evaluate a Deaf Culture panel presentation, which was provided as one of five Applied Anatomy sessions during the first‐year integrated medical student curriculum at Morehouse School of Medicine. This 90‐minute session was scheduled during the Head and Neck section of the course, soon after the ear and auditory system had been studied. Three panelists were invited to share their experiences in medicine during this panel; two were culturally Deaf and communicated in American Sign Language, and one utilized a cochlear implant and communicated in spoken English. Panelists shared their experiences and challenges in communication with the medical community about health care. This included incorrect assumptions made by health care professionals, challenges with access to appropriate communication, and the effect of this poor communication on their ultimate care. Although this panel was considered a lecture and therefore optional, a large majority of the class of 100 students were in attendance. This panel was evaluated in several ways. First, students were invited to complete optional pre‐ and post‐assessments to measure how this session impacted their knowledge and awareness of Deaf culture and working with DHH patients. Assessments demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge and awareness from pre‐ (n=33) to post‐assessment (n=13; P < 0.001). Next, students were asked to evaluate the session using a Likert scale of 1–5. The average rating of the session was 4.8, indicating that the session was quite well received. Next, students were given the option to write open‐ended comments on their experiences with the session. One such response included, “I learned several things that I will carry into my career and life in general.” Finally, informal observations by the authors during and after the panel suggested that students were highly engaged during the session, with several staying afterwards to ask questions of the participants one on one. These findings are promising in terms of incorporating this type of experience into medical education more broadly. This was a successful integration of a session to promote cultural competence and communication within the anatomy curriculum, which has the potential to directly impact future patient care.Support or Funding InformationNIH, Grant number P03‐G12MD007602U.S. Department of Education, Grant Number P03‐1B141018

African Head and Neck Society Clinical Practice guidelines for thyroid nodules and cancer in developing countries and limited resource settings.

International thyroid nodule and cancer management guidelines generally fail to take into account potential limitations in diagnostic and treatment resources. Thyroid cancer specialists from the African Head and Neck Society and American Head & Neck Society Endocrine Section developed guidelines for diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules and cancer in low resource settings. Recommendations were based on literature review and expert opinion, with level of evidence defined. Using the ADAPTE process, diagnostic and treatment algorithms were adapted from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Low resource settings were simulated by systematically removing elements such as availability of laboratory testing, hormone replacement, imaging, and cytopathology from NCCN guidelines. Successful management of thyroid nodules and cancer in low resource settings requires adaptation of treatment methodologies. These guidelines define specific scenarios where either more or less aggressive intervention for thyroid pathology may be advisable based on limited available resources.

Proceedings of the RAMI Section of OtoRhinoLaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL HNS) Winter Meeting, Friday 6th December 2019 in the Education and Research Centre, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2.

Proceedings of the RAMI Section of OtoRhinoLaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (ORL HNS) Winter Meeting, Friday 6th December 2019 in the Education and Research Centre, Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Adelaide Road, Dublin 2.

Proximal femur lag screw placement based on bone mineral density determined by quantitative computed tomography.

Following internal fixations for intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients, lag screws or screw blades frequently cut the femoral head, leading to surgical failure. The bone mineral density (BMD) at various parts of the proximal femur is significantly correlated with the holding force of the lag screw, which in turn is closely associated with the stability of the fixation. However, the appropriate placement of the lag screw has been controversial. As a novel detection method for BMD, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) may provide relatively accurate measurements of three-dimensional structures and may provide an easy way to determine the appropriate lag screw placement. A total of 50 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fractures were selected for the present study. The BMD of the proximal femur on the healthy side, including the femoral intertrochanter, neck and head, was measured using QCT. For testing, the femoral head was divided into medial, central and lateral sections. The BMD of the femoral head was determined to be the highest, while the BMD of the femoral neck was the lowest. In the femoral head, the central section had the highest BMD, while the lateral section had the lowest BMD. The present study used QCT to detect differences in the BMD at various regions of the proximal femur and provided a novel theoretical reference for the placement of lag screws. To obtain maximum holding power, the lag screw must be placed in the central section of the femoral head.

Implementasi Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (Ocai) Untuk Pemetaan Budaya Organisasi Pt. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Sebagai Rujukan Winning Culture

Background - Industrial revolution 4.0 make competition between countries will be more competitive. This competition was also felt by PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, which is the market leader in the cement industry in Indonesia. Company that implement corporate culture very well, was reached hundred times growth that companies that don’t consider corporate culture s main concern. Aim – This study aims to mapping the organization culture through OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Intstrument. Design / methodology / approach - The sampling technique uses the proportionate stratified random sampling method which consists of 6 General Managers, 20 Senior Managers, 34 Head Section, 33 Head Teams and 13 Staffs. The instrument used in this study was the Organizational Culture Assessment Intstrument (OCAI), which maps organizational culture into four types of organizational culture through six-dimensional measurement, namely dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, employee management, organizational adhesives, and success criteria. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires. Finding - The results of the research show that the dominant culture now perceived is hierarchical culture, and the expected dominant culture is clan culture. The results of the validation from the expert stated that as a state-owned corporation that has a global go vision, the clan culture adopted by employees is irrelevant. Culture that is applied to be more suitable for going global is market culture as the main culture or common culture. Whereas the second culture or dominant sub-culture is a type of cultural hierarchy. Research implication - The existence of this mapping is expected to be an input to management, how management can create a more dominant competitive culture and unite employees with a culture that has been determined by management.

Implementasi Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (Ocai) Untuk Pemetaan Budaya Organisasi Pt. Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Sebagai Rujukan Winning Culture

Background - Industrial revolution 4.0 make competition between countries will be more competitive. This competition was also felt by PT Semen Indonesia (Persero) Tbk, which is the market leader in the cement industry in Indonesia. Company that implement corporate culture very well, was reached hundred times growth that companies that don’t consider corporate culture s main concern. Aim – This study aims to mapping the organization culture through OCAI (Organizational Culture Assessment Intstrument. Design / methodology / approach - The sampling technique uses the proportionate stratified random sampling method which consists of 6 General Managers, 20 Senior Managers, 34 Head Section, 33 Head Teams and 13 Staffs. The instrument used in this study was the Organizational Culture Assessment Intstrument (OCAI), which maps organizational culture into four types of organizational culture through six-dimensional measurement, namely dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, employee management, organizational adhesives, and success criteria. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires. Finding - The results of the research show that the dominant culture now perceived is hierarchical culture, and the expected dominant culture is clan culture. The results of the validation from the expert stated that as a state-owned corporation that has a global go vision, the clan culture adopted by employees is irrelevant. Culture that is applied to be more suitable for going global is market culture as the main culture or common culture. Whereas the second culture or dominant sub-culture is a type of cultural hierarchy. Research implication - The existence of this mapping is expected to be an input to management, how management can create a more dominant competitive culture and unite employees with a culture that has been determined by management.

This issue of Acta

This issue of Acta

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN KOMPREHENSIF PADA NY. W G2P1A0 DENGAN RESIKO TINGGI ANEMIA KEHAMILAN DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BUMIAYU

Based on data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the number of MMR in 2020 reached 4,627 people. This number increased by 10.25% compared to 2019 of 4,197 people. The number of infant deaths in 2019 was 26,000 cases and increased by almost 40% to 44,000 cases in 2020. The Bumiayu Health Center, one of the auspices of the Brebes Regency in Central Java, contributed 2 cases of AKI and 5 cases of IMR in 2020. by conducting comprehensive midwifery care with a continuity of care approach which is carried out starting from the mother during pregnancy to family planning. Researchers implemented comprehensive midwifery care for pregnant women, childbirth, newborns, postpartum, and family planning using Varney and SOAP documentation. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection uses interviews, observations, physical examinations, supporting examinations, documentation studies, and literature studies, as well as medical record documentation studies, the main informant is Mrs. W with 2 additional informants namely 1 coordinating midwife and 1 patient's family and 1 triangulation informant namely the head section of the brebes district health office. Based on the results of pregnancy, childbirth, newborns, postpartum, and family planning, there are problems in pregnancy, namely at 30+3 weeks of gestation with an Hb level of 10.4 g/dl in the category of mild anemia. There is no gap between theory and practice. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that comprehensive care for Mrs. W 25 years of gestation, psychological postpartum, physiological delivery, and physiological BBL. There is no gap between theory and practice.

Morphometry of sphenoid air sinus and its ostium for surgical relevance: A cadaveric study

Introduction: The sphenoid air sinuses and their ostia are highly variable structures. The ostia are located on either side of the midline. The exact location of the sphenoid ostium is very much essential in endoscopic sinus surgeries as well as for the transsphenoidal hypophyseal approach. The present study was done to determine the anatomical location of the sphenoid sinus ostium in relation to the surrounding landmarks. It is a descriptive study. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, VMKV Medical College and Hospital, Salem, on forty sagittal head and neck sections of adult formalin-fixed cadavers. The length and width of the sinus were measured. The shape and type of the sphenoid sinus ostia were also noted. The distance of the sinus ostium from various landmarks was measured using Vernier calipers. The morphometric parameters were compared by Student's t-test on both sides. Results: Most of the specimens showed sellar variety than presellar variety on both right and left sides. The shape of the sphenoid sinus ostia was predominantly round shape, followed by oval and slit shape. The length and width of the sinus on the right side were less when compared to the left side. The distance between the sphenoidal ostia and several landmarks showed no significant difference except the distance from ostium to superior concha. Discussion and Conclusion: During the endoscopic approach of the sphenoid sinus ostium, it is not always easy to locate the ostium. The present morphometric study will serve as a guideline for the endoscopic surgical approach of the sphenoid sinus ostium using the various anatomical landmarks.

Designing for Visibility: The Case of Mobile Apps

With a large number of mobile apps in both iOS and Android platforms, app developers face a significant challenge in generating market demand. Apps can incorporate social features to share information on social media platforms and gain visibility. Classifying features of an app as intrinsic or social, we focus on the impact of these features in the head, body, and tail of the demand distribution. We posit that owing to the lack of visibility, apps in the tail may benefit more from social features than those in the head or body sections. Using a panel of version release notes from the iOS platform, we develop a new hierarchical deep learning model to extract intrinsic and social features. Our results suggest that social features increase the relative demand only for tail apps. For apps in the head of the distribution, social and intrinsic features together help increase the relative demand. However, the combined effect of social and intrinsic is negative in the tail for low-quality apps. The results underscore the heterogeneity in the effect of social features on app demand, an important consideration in the design phase. We demonstrate that there is no one-size-fits-all approach that works in all parts of the demand distribution. Our study provides managerial guidance to app developers in making their products visible through design choices and presents a novel deep learning approach for product feature identification.

Effect of tuber sections and processing conditions on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) flour

Abstract Objective The study was conducted to ascertain the effect of tuber sections, heat treatment, and rehydration with process chemicals of varying concentrations on the physicochemical properties of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam)) flour. Materials and Methods The flour samples were generated as raw, boiled, and steamed from the head, middle, and tail sections of the tuber. These were compared with their whole tuber counterpart. The magnitude and extent of the factorial influence were measured using the effects on swelling index (SI), water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity, total soluble solids (TSS), blue value index (BVI), gelling point temperature (GPT), boiling point temperature (BPT), and pH. Results The results obtained showed that the proximate composition from the tuber sections and the whole did not differ significantly (P < 0.05). The tuber processing method (TPM) and tuber processing duration (TPD) effected significant differences (P < 0.05) in all the test parameter except for pH respectively. Conclusion From the investigation, it was observed that the test variables have significant effects on the physicochemical properties of the sweet potato flour.

Eksplorasi Kandungan Gizi Ikan Sibero (Hampala macrolepidota) Sebagai Bahan Baku Dalam Pembuatan Produk Pangan Perikanan

Sibero fish ( Hampala macrolepidota ) is a freshwater fish caught by fishermen in the glare river area of Tanjungbalai City. However the number of fish catches is inversely proportional to the sales results. Sibero fish is not a favorite fish for consumption because sibero fish have many bones making it difficult to consume. However, this special processing of sibero fish can become a raw material that is of public interest because sibero fish meat has good nutritional value and tastes good. The purpose of this study was to determine the nutritional content of sibero fish through chemical compositions which include proximate to the proportion of body parts, and increase the potential of sibero fish as food products that have added value through information from the nutritional content. The research method used is the experiment method. The parameter observed was a proximate analysis of the proportion of sibero fish body parts. The results of the study are sibero fish based on the proportion of sibero fish body parts divided into three parts, namely (1) Caput / head section, (2) Truncus / body part, and (3) Cauda / tail section. Comparison of the chemical composition of the proportion of body parts to the content of water content obtained the highest value in the truncus (64.19%) and the lowest value in the head (57.11%). The highest ash content in the caput (2.37%) and the lowest in the cauda (1.90%). The highest protein in the caput (18.66%) and the lowest in the cauda (14.42%). The highest fat content in the caput (21.66%) and the lowest was in cauda (11.87%). The highest carbohydrate value in the cauda section (8.85%) and the lowest value in the caput section (0.20%).

An anatomical investigation into the blood supply of the proximal humerus: surgical considerations for rotator cuff repair

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the blood supply of the humeral head (HH) originating from the anterior (ACHA) and posterior circumflex humeral arteries (PCHA).MethodsFormalin preserved specimens were used to measure ACHA length, ACHA length in the bicipital groove (BG), the length of the ascending branch of the ACHA, the penetration point of the ascending branch of the ACHA at the greater tuberosity (GT), and the penetration point of the ascending branch PCHA at the GT. Fresh specimens were used to identify the intraosseous vascular network by both the ACHA and PCHA by injecting a contrast medium using a high-resolution microfocus computed tomography. Specimens were then dissected to expose where the branches of the ACHA and PCHA penetrate the bone, and a small section of the medial head was removed to visualize dye penetration of the cancellous bone.ResultsSeven variations for the course of the ACHA were observed. In 36%, the ACHA runs posterior to the BG and posterior to the long head of biceps tendon, and splits into the anterolateral ascending and descending branch. The ascending branch enters the medial wall of the GT. Microfocus computed tomography demonstrated that the intraosseous branch of the ascending branch of the ACHA runs within the GT in a medial direction from its penetration point just along the lateral edge of the BG. Intraosseous accumulation of contrast within the GT supply occurs more toward the inferior aspect of the HH, and the anterior-superior and superior-medial aspect of the HH is not perfused. This region is a high-risk zone for avascular necrosis.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that 7 variations for the course of the ACHA exist. These variations and the interruption of the intraosseous arterial network in the GT with surgery and suture anchor placement result in a high-risk zone in the superomedial aspect of the humeral head overlapping with the area where early aseptic necrosis is identified.

Investigative Analysis of Lanthanum Oxide Nanoparticles on Elements in Bone of Wistar Rats After 30Days of Repeated Oral Administration.

Accumulation of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3NPs) in the femur bone of rats after 30days of oral administration was explored. Also, the influence of La2O3NPs on macro and trace elements in the rats' femur bone was assessed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP OES) were used for total element determination in the bone after decomposition while laser ablation-ICP-MS (LA-ICP-MS) was used to investigate element distribution (bio-imaging) in the bone. Some differences in element concentrations in the bone between the rats treated with La2O3NPs at 1.0mgkg-1 (T1), 10.0mgkg-1 (T2), and 100mgkg-1 (T3) body weight (bw) and the control rats (CTR) were observed. More differences were observed in the bone of rat treated with 10.0mgkg-1 La2O3NPsbw. However, the highest change observed was for Mg, which concentration ranged from 5230 ± 12μgkg-1 for the CTR group to 4130 ± 138μgkg-1 for the T3 group. Minor changes were observed for Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Pb, Sr, and Zn between CTR and animals treated with La2O3NPs at the different levels of concentration. It was possible to observe from LA-ICP-MS analysis that La2O3NPs were accumulated only on the surface of the bone, not deeper than about 5μm. LA-ICP-MS allowed also to investigate the distribution of La and the other elements in a cross section of the femur bone head, where higher amounts of the elements are present at the external part of the bone. Therefore, it was demonstrated that La2O3NPs are incorporated on the surface of the bone and it has a small influence on some of the other elements evaluated.

Diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for fetal central nervous system malformation in early pregnancy

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging for fetal central nervous system(CNS) malformation in early pregnancy. Methods From January 2017 to January 2018, a total of 190 cases of CNS malformation in early pregnancy, who were diagnosed by ultrasound imaging in Wenzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine were selected to analyze the clinical value of ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation in early pregnancy. Results Of the 190 pregnancies, 184 patients had satisfactory median sagittal section of the head and chest, horizontal cross section of the lateral ventricle, long axis of the spine, and cerebellum and posterior fossa pool.In 184 cases, the probability of display from 1 to 11+ 6 weeks was 93.33%, the probability of display from 12 to 12+ 6 weeks was 97.20%, and the probability of display from 13 to 13+ 6 weeks was 97.06%.Compared the display rates of CNS ultrasound examinations at different gestational weeks, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.981, P>0.05). Three cases of 6 cases of CNS malformation diagnosed in early pregnancy were combined with other malformations.One case considered Cantrell's hypothyroidism with CNS malformation, 1 case with left iliac crest and right circumflex, 1 case with median cleft lip and palate, single atrioventricular with pulmonary atresia.The bilateral humerus was missing, in addition, 4 fetuses had an NT value more than 3 mm.The specificity of diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation in early pregnancy was 100.00%, the sensitivity was 85.71%, the specificity was 100.00%, and the positive predictive value was 99.46%. Conclusion Ultrasound imaging in the diagnosis of fetal CNS malformation in early pregnancy can improve the diagnosis rate and has high clinical value. Key words: Ultrasonography; Pregnancy trimester, first; Fetus; Central nervous system; Congenital abnormalities; Prenatal diagnosis; Contrast sensitivity

First Record of The Burrowing Goby Trypuchen vagina from Pangpang Bay, Indonesia

The burrowing goby, Trypauchen vagina, is recorded for the first time from the Pangpang Bay of Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Types of fish T. vagina is a type that has not published in Indonesia. This fish was caught using trap net in waters Pangpang Bay, which is an essential area in Banyuwangi, East Java. The description of the morphology and fish habitat conditions shows that the region has a diversity of fish resources that need attention. This goby fish has a local name as fish bedhul picek due to the sense of sight on these fish as if it does not work. Eyes covered by skin and socket head section was not found their eyeballs. The body of the specimens is elongate and reddish-pink in fresh specimens in coloration. There is no barbel on the chin. Cycloid scales are present on the whole body except for the head. Muncar people commonly consume T.vagina. This fish has been food sources in several regions but uncommon at several local markets in Indonesia. The T.vagina inhabit at Pangpang Bay as the bay, which has the high primary productivity of these waters due to sufficient nutrient support. Enrichment of nutrient comes from the run-off land and also the input of the number of fishing activity (embankment). An earlier report said that this fish found in waters Banyu Asin, Palembang, Sumatra, Indonesia. It also confirms that the fish found in this study are also living in a mud substrate that is reasonably smooth with right mangrove conditions around the bay, which close to Alas Purwo National Park.

УЛУЧШЕНИЕ ТОПЛИВНОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧНОСТИ СУДОВОГО ВИХРЕКАМЕРНОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УВЕЛИЧЕНИЕМ ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО СОПРОТИВЛЕНИЯ ТЕПЛОПЕРЕДАЧИ

The article considers ship swirl-chamber diesel engines used in shipbuilding as the main and auxiliary engines. Two reasons for low profitability of the swirl chamber diesel engines are highlighted: large heat losses of the cooling working fluid due to the extended heat transfer surface of the chamber, and significant aerodynamic energy losses of compressed air during its passage through a relatively narrow channel connecting the piston chamber with the combustion chamber and the flow of gases from the swirl chamber on top the piston space. There have been proposed the methods for improving the operational performance of swirl-chamber diesels in production, in particular, their fuel efficiency. The scheme of the swirl-chamber and a section of the swirl-chamber cylinder head are presented. It has been stated that the total coefficient of thermal conductivity can be reduced if the wall of the swirl- chamber is made multi-layer. The layouts of a multi-layer cylinder-spherical wall of a swirl combustion chamber with a titanium cylinder-spherical insertion and thermal insulation of a vortex combustion chamber are given. The total thermal resistance of the spherical wall was calculated, heat loss through the multilayer spherical wall was determined, gas temperature in the vortex chamber was calculated, according to the average cycle temperature diagram. It was inferred that the amount of heat removed from the working fluid to cooling through the thermally insulated wall of the swirl-chamber will be 40% less than the amount of heat released to the cooling through the wall of the swirl-chamber of a commercial diesel engine. The difference in heat will be used to increase the indicator gas operation, which, with the same cyclic fuel supply, will lead to a decrease in the specific indicator fuel consumption, and at a constant level of internal engine losses - to a decrease in the specific effective fuel consumption.