Headlights Research Articles

Optimization of Component Assembly in Automotive Industry

Abstract This article is devoted to the positioning of glued parts by robots in the process of manufacturing automotive headlights, with the possibility of generalization to the mutual positioning of any 3D object. The authors focused on the description of the mathematical method that leads to the optimization of the robot arm setting and ensures the closest contact of the glued parts. The contact surfaces of the two joined parts are, in the ideal case, identical in shape and their optimal alignment is considered to best align the position of the nominal points on the base part with the position of the control (measured) points on the part manipulated by the robot.

Proposed Knowledge Management System for the Time Efficient in R&D Department of PT Automotive Lumina

The automotive industry has grown post-Covid 19, positively impacting related sectors like car lighting. Due to high demand, PT Automotive Lumina, a lamp manufacturer specializing in OEM car lights, needs better time management. Responding to RFQs for new car models poses significant challenges due to delays caused by dependence on Juoku Technology. To tackle this, the company initiated an independent R&D process, but the need for more effective knowledge management worsens the situation, affecting competitiveness in a rapidly changing market. This research addresses two key questions: What Knowledge Management system can be proposed for time efficiency in the R&D Department of PT Automotive Lumina? and How to implement the suggested Knowledge Management system for time efficiency in the R&D Department of PT Automotive Lumina? Qualitative research methods were employed to study these questions, including interviews with key stakeholders. Analysis revealed eight sub-causes contributing to the observed problems, including a lack of skilled personnel, ineffective knowledge management, reliance on Juoku’s R&D schedule, rapid technological advancements, inefficient processes, limited decision-making authority, limited testing equipment in the R&D department, and most importantly, the absence of a knowledge management system. Several solutions to these challenges are presented based on the SECI, PPT framework, and Core, Advanced, and Innovative knowledge framework. Direct training, knowledge capture, and collaboration tools are among the planned knowledge management programs at PT Automotive Lumina. Preparation procedures were conducted in November and December 2023, with the proposed solution implementation set to begin in February 2024. Following deployment, knowledge management activities will be evaluated, and necessary modifications will be made for future improvements. PT Automotive Lumina aims to enhance time efficiency and support independent R&D through improved knowledge management procedures.

Experimental investigations of uniaxial and biaxial cold stretching within PC‐films and bars using optical measurements

AbstractPolycarbonate (PC) is an amorphous polymer that is an extremely robust material with a high tenacity, and thus suitable for a lightweight construction with glass‐like transparency. Due to these advantageous properties, PC is often used in industry for example in medical devices, automotive headlamps, sporting equipment, electronics, and a variety of other products. PC is often subjected to uniaxial and biaxial loading conditions. Therefore, reliable material models have to take into account the various resulting experimental effects. For those reasons, we investigate PC specimens under uniaxial and biaxial loading by using different stretch rates and loading scenarios. In addition to that, we propose methods for optical measurement of local stretches to obtain the approximated local true stress. In future work, the displacement fields and the resulting reaction forces will be used for parameter identification of constitutive equations.

Measurement of light pollution by using BSP

Light pollution is a common problem, especially in large agglomerations, where something still shines: lanterns, lights from windows, car lights, neon lights, advertisements, shop windows, there is no such important darkness anymore. The lack of blackout has a negative impact on all living organisms, from plants, through animals, and ending on humans (e.g. it affects the quality of sleep, disrupts the hormonal balance). The proposed solution concerns the measurement of the intensity of the so-called light-smog (light pollution), using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV / drone). This project is to help determine the scale of the problem, present it in numbers and provide the basis for improving the quality of life and health by reducing light smog.

Automatic Headlight Intensity Controller for Motorcycle

Developing a technology that can enhance nighttime driving by minimizing the use of high beams is the main objective of this research development. A system that complied with the requirements was constructed using the Inputs Processes Output paradigm. The technology is quite helpful in comfort driving—a common problem for drivers behind you who get a sudden glare in their eyes. We came up with the concept to build an automated headlamp intensity controller. An automatic headlight intensity high beam light controller that is affordable and easy to install. All the necessary hardware and components for the suggested design were used. Experiments indicate that when facing other drivers, the controller automatically switches on and off the high and low beam lights to give the driver the proper command. The system's ability to detect light from the opposite direction—quantified in intensity and distance—was found upon testing. Consequently, the user rate and assessed the system, and the system and the automated headlight functioned as intended. The user gave the system a Strongly Agree rating in intetion to uses 4.86.

REVIEW OF DISPLAY DESIGN ASPECTS IN CAR SHOWROOMS INFLUENCING CUSTOMERS INTEREST

Car showrooms are critical for showcasing the latest models and attracting potential customer where they can view and purchase vehicles. The design of car showrooms plays a crucial role in attracting potential customers and influencing their buying decisions as well as interests.This research paper examines the importance of car showroom display and lighting in the automotive industry to enhance the customer experience, increase sales, and promote the brand image. This paper will study and compare different case studies of car showrooms to trace the display and lighting of different car showrooms. Display plays a critical role in showcasing the cars as well as their features in an attractive and engaging way which influences the customer’s interest. Lighting is also a crucial element that can influence the mood and ambiance of the showroom, highlighting the cars' features and creating an inviting atmosphere for customers.

Robust high-efficiency LuAG: Ce phosphor-in-silica glass (PiSG) for high-brightness laser lighting

Blue laser diodes (LDs), owing to their high electro-optical conversion efficiency, strong directivity, and small size under high power, have paved new paths in the semiconductor lighting and display industry. Blue LDs are expected to replace LED lighting in laser displays, automotive headlights, and other advanced lighting fields. In this study, the Lu3Al5O12: Ce3+ phosphor-in-silica glass (LuAG: Ce-PiSG) is fabricated using spark plasma sintering at 1060 °C. This method enables rapid sintering while maintaining the stability of the silica glass matrix, resulting in high transparency and minimal destruction of the crystal structure of the LuAG: Ce phosphor. The phosphor-converted LDs made from LuAG: Ce-PiSG exhibit high luminous efficacy (298 lm·W−1) and luminous flux (1069 lm). The results show that LuAG: Ce-PiSG has significant potential for application as a robust, high-efficiency phosphor conversion material for high-brightness laser lighting applications.

Visual and non-visual responses of drivers to simulated LED headlights varying in correlated colour temperature

This study aimed to investigate the impact of automotive headlights of different correlated colour temperatures (CCT) on the visual and non-visual performance of drivers. Forty drivers participated in the study, driving in a simulated night road for 45 min in three sessions. The LED headlights had CCTs of 3176 K, 4358 K and 6923 K, with an illuminance of 5 lx perpendicular to the participants’ eyes. Heart rate variability (HRV), psychomotor vigilance task and Karolinska sleepiness scale were measured before and after driving. At the end of the trials, achromatic far and near visual acuity tests, as well as achromatic far and near contrast sensitivity tests, were conducted. The study revealed that CCT did not affect achromatic far and near visual acuity. However, CCT had an impact on achromatic near and far contrast sensitivity, with higher CCT resulting in improved achromatic contrast sensitivity. As the CCT decreased, participants exhibited increased reaction time, made more errors, and reported higher sleepiness. The most significant physiological changes in HRV, including alterations in low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and LF/HF, were observed at lower CCT. The findings of this study suggest that both the visual and non-visual performance of drivers were enhanced when high CCTs were used for automotive LED headlights.

Machine Vision System for Automatic Adjustment of Optical Components in LED Modules for Automotive Lighting

This paper presents a machine vision system that performs the automatic positioning of optical components in LED modules of automotive headlamps. The automatic adjustment of the module is a process of great interest at the industrial level, as it allows us to reduce reworks, increasing the company profits. We propose a machine vision system with a flexible hardware–software structure that allows it to adapt to a wide range of LED modules. Its hardware is composed of image-capturing devices, which enable us to obtain the LED module light pattern, and mechanisms for manipulating and holding the module to be adjusted. Its software design follows a component-based approach which allows us to increase the reusage of the code, decreasing the time required for configuring any type of LED module. To assess the efficiency and robustness of the industrial system, a series of tests, using three commercial models of LED modules, have been performed. In all cases, the automatically adjusted LED modules followed the ECE R112 regulation for automotive lighting.

Hierarchical learning of robotic contact policies

The paper addresses the issue of learning tasks where a robot maintains permanent contact with the environment. We propose a new methodology based on a hierarchical learning scheme coupled with task representation through directed graphs. These graphs are constituted of nodes and branches that correspond to the states and robotic actions, respectively. The upper level of the hierarchy essentially operates as a decision-making algorithm. It leverages reinforcement learning (RL) techniques to facilitate optimal decision-making. The actions are generated by a constraint-space following (CSF) controller that autonomously identifies feasible directions for motion. The controller generates robot motion by adjusting its stiffness in the direction defined by the Frenet–Serret frame, which is aligned with the robot path. The proposed framework was experimentally verified through a series of challenging robotic tasks such as maze learning, door opening, learning to shift the manual car gear, and learning car license plate light assembly by disassembly.

A Novel Way of Optimizing Headlight Distributions Based on Real Life Traffic and Eye Tracking Data Part 1: Idealized Baseline Distribution

In order to find optimized headlight distributions based on real traffic data, a three-step approach is chosen. Since the complete investigations are too extensive to fit into a single publication, this paper is the first in a series of three publications. Over three papers, a novel way to optimize automotive headlight distributions based on real-life traffic and eye-tracking data is presented, based on 119 test subjects who participated in over 15,000 km of driving, including recordings of gaze behavior, light data, detection distances, and other objects in traffic. In the present paper, a baseline headlight distribution is derived from a series of detection tests conducted under ideal conditions, with a total of three tests, each with 19–30 subjects, conducted within the same test environment. In the first test, the influence of low beam intensity on the detection of pedestrians on the sidewalk (5.0 m from the center of the driving lane) is investigated. In the second test, the influence of different high beam intensities was investigated for the same detection task. In the third test, the headlight distribution and intensity are kept constant at a representative high beam level, but the detection task is changed. In this test, the pedestrian detection target is placed along different detection angles, ranging from immediately adjacent to the road (2.5°) to 15.5 m away from the center of the driving lane (8.0°). As mentioned, all of these tests were conducted under ideal conditions, with the studies taking place on an airfield with a 1.2 km long straight road and normal road markings, but without oncoming traffic, tasks other than keeping the vehicle with cruise control within its lane, or other distracting objects present. The tests yielded two sets of data; the first is the intensity, based on the first two studies, needed to ensure sufficient intensity to detect objects under ideal conditions at distances needed for different driving speeds. The last test then uses these intensities and necessary variations in the required intensity to create an idealized, symmetric headlight distribution as a baseline for subsequent publications. Although the distribution applies only to passenger vehicles like the one used in the test, the same approach could be applied to other vehicle types. The second paper of this series will focus on real traffic objects and their distributions within the traffic space in order to identify relevant areas in headlight distribution when driving under real traffic conditions. The third paper of this series will analyze driver gaze distributions during real driving scenarios. The data from all three papers are used to create optimized headlight distributions, thereby showing how such an optimized distribution relates to current headlight distributions in terms of luminous flux, intensity, and overall distribution.

A Novel Way of Optimizing Headlight Distributions Based on Real-Life Traffic and Eye Tracking Data Part 3: Driver Gaze Behaviour on Real Roads and Optimized Light Distribution

In order to find optimized headlight distributions based on real traffic data, a three-step approach has been chosen. The complete investigations are too extensive to fit into a single paper; this paper is the last of a three part series. Over the three papers, a novel way to optimize automotive headlight distributions based on real-life traffic and eye tracking data is presented. Across all three papers, a total of 119 test subjects participated in the studies with over 15,000 km of driving, including recordings of gaze behaviour, light data, detection distances, and other objects in traffic. In this third paper, driver gaze behaviour is recorded while driving a 128 km round course, covering urban roads, country roads, and motorways. This gaze behaviour is then analysed and compared to prior work covering driver gaze behaviour. Comparing the gaze distributions with roadway object distributions from part two of this series, Analysis of Real-World Traffic Data in Germany and combining them with the idealized baseline headlight distribution from part one, different optimized headlight distributions can be generated. These headlight distributions can be optimized for different driving requirements based on the data that is used and weighting the different road types differently. The resulting headlight distribution is then compared to a standard light distribution in terms of the required luminous flux, angular distribution, and overall shape. Nonetheless, it is the overall approach that has been taken that we see as the primary novel outcome of this investigation, even more than the actual distribution resulting from this effort.

Mechanical properties of 3D-printed staking polypropylene posts for repairing automotive headlights

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes present unique opportunities for the repair of high-value-added industrial and consumer plastic products, which otherwise are destined for the landfill at the end of their life and contribute to the growing environmental and health issues. In this work, we propose a novel method of integrating fused filament-based additive fabrication with the hot staking method to repair a complex automotive component, namely headlight. Newly formulated polypropylene-based composite filaments were used to 3D print a set of staking posts and the missing brackets in the damaged headlight to enable their effective reuse of the repaired assembly. Three staking designs were tested in the first phase of the experiments with the respective geometrical configurations, viz. knurled, domed, and hollow. Strength tests were conducted to rank the performance of the joints against the highest ultimate shear strength values, toughness, and repeatability. The joint design with a domed-shaped profile ranked the best across these criteria. In the second phase of the study, the main printing parameters, including printing temperature, nozzle head penetration in the substrate, printing speed, and layer height, were optimised to increase the joint strength. Based on the design of experiment, the dome-shaped stakes, which were printed using a nozzle temperature of 240 ^circ{rm C}, tip penetration of 0.3 mm, 3D printing speed of 12 mm/s, and a layer height of 0.15 mm demonstrated the highest mechanical performance with the bond strength of 7.27 MPa. The repaired headlight was tested under cycling loading showing excellent durability without noticeable degradation of the staked joints upon 10,000 cycles.

The Role of The Media in Revealing Social Problems - Murder Crime as An Example

Basically, There Are Two Types Of Murder, Deliberate Murder And Accidental Murder (Act Of God). This Study Is Devoted To Deliberate Murder, Such As (Murder For Money, Honor Killing Based On Honor Pretext, Murder By Torture, Murder As A Result Of Sexual Assault, Murder Of Children, Murder Due To Violence And Beating. However, As It Has Been Showcased in This Study, In Kurdistan Region Unlike Any Other Place, There Are Many Other Types of Murders on Various Reasons Such as Car Light Signaling, Pigeons, Children's Fights, Household Water Wells, Car Parking, Dog Fights, Roosters’ Fights, Gender Transition, Electricity Circuits, Chocolate, Land Properties, Religious Conversion, Leading in Folk Dance).
 According To the World's Renowned Website (Our World in Data), In 2019 Alone, More Than (415,000) Thousand People Died in Deliberate Murder, Which Is Almost Three Times Higher Than the Number of Those Who Were Killed In Armed Clashes, Wars Terrorism And Conflicts On Countries’ Level. In Kurdistan Region, Although The Number Of Deliberate Killings Has Decreased In The Past Five Years, Yet Compared To Most Countries In The World, The Rate Is Still Alarming. In The Study’s Findings It Is Highlighted That Non-Compliance Of Media To Applicable Laws And Regulations, Lack Of Monitoring Of The Media In General In Presenting News On Murder, Showing Crime Related Programs And Movies And Lack Of Family Vigilance On The Use Of Electronic Games And Social Networks As Well As Lack Of Professional Journalists And Capable Staff, The Social Problem Of Murder Is More Evident And Has Affected The Mental State And Social Security Of Individuals And Families In Society.

Extension of the working time of dental composites due to a new type of white operating lamp.

Dental composite materials for filling teeth are usually hardened by polymerisation lamps emitting blue light. However, the same wavelength is also emitted by light of dental operating lamps for lighting the oral cavity. Thus, the hardening of the composite is already initiated earlier, shortening the time of formability. The objective of this study is to develop a specific white LED for dental operating lamps. When restoring teeth, it enables dentists to work longer on light-curing composites in the same brightness. Based on a short-wave blue coloured LED and a fluorescent substance, a white luminescent LED with a colour temperature of approx. 3,000 K is produced as a prototype. The formable working times of three composites are measured for this LED and two dental head lamps at an illuminance of 10,000lx. Shorter working times of 98-237 s were measured for the headlamps and 409-807 s for the new LED. This light of the new LED is perceived by the human eye as warm white. The new LED extends the working time by the factor of 3.0 to 5.8 compared to the head lamps. This enables more precise modelling of fillings.

Reducing Moisture Absorption in Polypropylene Nanocomposites for Automotive Headlamps Using Hydrophobicity-Modified Graphene/Montmorillonite.

Polypropylene (PP) is used as a housing material in automotive headlamps but can cause fogging as a result of absorbed moisture and temperature differences between the exterior and interior of the housing. In this study, PP was combined with a graphene/montmorillonite hybrid (MMT-G) to yield a nanocomposite with reduced moisture absorption. Crucially, the modified nanofiller had low hydrophilicity and good compatibility with the PP matrix. Notably, the water contact angle of the MMT-G improved by 676%. Furthermore, the maximum moisture absorption of the PP/MMT-G nanocomposites was reduced by up to 11.22% compared to that of commercial PP composites, and the weight of the headlamp housing was decreased by 3.6%. Therefore, the designed nanocomposites are expected to help mitigate headlamp fogging while slightly reducing the housing weight.

Study of fluorescence lifetime modification for car lighting by single gold nanoparticle localized surface plasmon

Study of fluorescence lifetime modification for car lighting by single gold nanoparticle localized surface plasmon

Study of fluorescence lifetime modification for car lighting by single gold nanoparticle localized surface plasmon

Interactions between fluorephores and surface plasmon was investigated by a custom-built fluorescence lifetime system. Gold nanoparticle with double-stranded DNA on the surface was utilized to exactly control the distance between fluorephores and the nanoparticle. We calculated surface plasmon-induced changes in the radiative decay rate constant and the quenching rate constant. The results revealed that the distance between the fluorephore and the nanoparticle strongly affected the radiative decay rate and the quenching rate. With an increase in the distance, the radiative decay rate decreased while the quenching rate increased. This suggests that the distance between fluorephores and surface plasmon plays an important role in fluorescence lifetime modification. The results also indicated that the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorephores can be significantly modified by surface plasmon resonance. This indicates that surface plasmon resonance can be used as a tool to control the fluorescence lifetime of fluorephores for sensing applications.

Does final intraoperative endoscopic control increase surgical success in conventional septoplasty?

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the final endoscopic control performed intraoperatively in conventional septoplasty on operative time, residual deviation, and changes in Nasal Obstruction and Septoplasty Effectiveness Scale (NOSE) scores. Patients and Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients who applied with the complaint of nasal obstruction between June 2020 and May 2021 and were found to have isolated nasal septum deviation were evaluated in this prospective study. Patients with comorbidities were excluded from the study. Remaining 80 patients (55 males, 25 females; mean age: 30.1±8.9 years; range, 18 to 58 years) included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups of 40 individuals using the blocked randomization method. In the first group (CS-EC group; 26 male, 14 female; mean age: 31.7±8.3 year; range 18 to 58 year), after conventional septoplasty with head light, additional pathologies were corrected with the conventional method if it was detected by the endoscope. For the second group (CS group; 29 male, 11 female; mean age: 28.6±9.3 year; range 18 to 53 year), only conventional septoplasty was performed. The patients were evaluated with NOSE before and three months after the operation to evaluate the complaint of nasal obstruction. The groups were compared in terms of NOSE scores, operation time, and postoperative residual deviation. Results: The mean operation times in the CS-EC and CS groups were 44.9±9.3 and 39.0±7.7 min, respectively, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.001). While there was no statistically significant difference between the CS-EC and CS groups in terms of preoperative total NOSE scores (p=0.211), the postoperative total NOSE score was found to be statistically significantly lower in the CS-EC group compared to the CS group (p=0.001). Conclusion: Final intraoperative endoscopic control of the nasal passage in classical septoplasty may be an effective method to detect septal deviations that cannot be adequately evaluated.

HISTORY of The APOSTLES of IBN AL - JAWHARI


 
 
 
 After the realization of manuscripts of important topics in the field of Islamic history and the purpose of it is to flick the old texts and redraft them in an attempt to retrieve Islamic history which submitted for types of increase and deletion, distortion and desertification in different time. It was honored to take out this manuscript history of the maded of the prophets sheikh Mohammed bin Ahmed bin Hassan bin Abdul Karim AL Khalidi AL Shafei the famous (Ibn AL Jawhary).
 The time of author , may God have mercy on him some of the biography of the prophets on the whole, and dealt with the difference in their prophecy. As well as in the statement of their origin and who entered Egypt and who was born a circumcision and I have stood for a unique copy of this letter so I copied it and commented on it and present introduction and head lights as shown in the letter.
 
 
 
 
 And I make several recommendation, including interest in the achievement of heritage books .