He-Ne Laser Irradiation Research Articles

Red laser-mediated alterations in seed germination, growth, pigments and withanolide content of Ashwagandha [Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, generally well-known as Ashwagandha, is part of Indian traditional medicinal systems like Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani for over 3000 years for treating an array of disorders. The chief bioactive component of this plant is the withanolides, a group of C28-steroidal lactone triterpenoids. These compounds are present in very low concentrations and hence cell culture methods have been used to enhance their production. Low-level laser irradiation has been reported to have elicited the seed germination, agronomical characters, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds in some plants. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the effect of red (He-Ne) laser irradiation on seed germination, growth characters, pigment contents and withanolide content in W. somnifera. The seeds were inoculated onto two different combinations of Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and incubated for germination. The highest germination percentage was observed in ½ MS with pH 6.5 and GA3 presoaking followed by ½ MS with different pH. Four different doses of Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser (10, 15, 20 and 25 J/cm2) were used to irradiate the seeds at 632.8 nm and germinated in vitro on ½ MS with pH 6.5. The maximum germination percentage, 63.88% was noted from seeds irradiated with 25 J/cm2 (P = 0.04). The highest total length of 13.33 cm was observed in the seedlings irradiated with 25 J/cm2 groups (P = 0.008). The highest total chlorophyll content of 329.5 μg/g fresh weight (FW) was observed for seedlings irradiated with 15 J/cm2 (P = 0.02) and the highest carotenoid content of 49.6 μg/g FW was observed for 25 J/cm2 treated seedlings. Further, primary root length was measured and found to be highest (11.14 cm) in seedlings irradiated with 10 J/cm2 and the highest number of lateral roots were observed for 15 and 25 J/cm2 groups. The significant amount of Withanolide A (WA) 0.52 μg/g dry weight (DW) and 0.60 μg/g DW was noted in 15 (P = 0.01) and 20 J/cm2 (P = 0.002) groups, respectively than control. The present investigation thus reveals the positive impact of red laser on the germination of seeds, growth characters and withanolide contents under in vitro environment.

Enhanced Mycelium Production of Phellinus igniarius (Agaricomycetes) Using a He-Ne Laser with Pulsed Light.

This study used a He-Ne laser with pulsed light irradiation to produce mutant strains of Phellinus igniarius strain JQ9 with enhanced characteristics for fermentation (17.685 ± 3.092 g/L) compared with the parent strain (12.062 ± 1.119 g/L). The combined treatment conditions were as follows: He-Ne laser irradiation for 30 min using a spot diameter of 10 mm, pulsed light treatment power set at 100 J, a treatment distance of 14.5 cm, and a flash frequency of 0.5 s. The production of bioactive polysaccharides and small biocompounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenes increased together with mycelium production. The results showed that polyphenol content was significantly correlated with L*, a*, and b* values (R = -0.594, P < 0.01; R = 0.571, P < 0.01; and R = 0.500, P < 0.05; respectively). Antagonistic and random amplified polymorphic DNA analyses indicated that the genetic material of the screened mutants was altered. The mutant screening using a He-Ne laser with pulsed light irradiation could be an effective method for the development of Phellinus strains and could thus improve mycelium production.

Морфология поверхности и оптические свойства стеклообразных пленок селена после лазерной модификации

Abstract The results of studies of the effect of low–power He-Ne laser radiation at a wavelength of 632.8 nm on the surface morphology of glassy (amorphous) Se films with a thickness of ~ 1 µm synthesized by vacuum-thermal evaporation are presented. It is shown that depending on the intensity and time of radiation exposure, laser modification of films is accompanied by various changes in their roughness and the appearance of structures on the surface of the films under study that differ in size and phase composition. The formation of submicron ridge chains on the surfaces of laser-modified films leads to an increase in their reflection coefficient and refraction index and a decrease in their optical thickness.

ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ЗБУДЖЕННЯ ПОВЕРХНЕВИХ ПЛАЗМОН-ПОЛЯРИТОНІВ ВІД ГЛИБИНИ РЕЛЬЄФУ АЛЮМІНІЄВОЇ ГРАТКИ

An experimental study of the excitation of surface plasmonpolaritons (SPP) on aluminum diffraction gratings with a fixed period of 519 ± 0,5 nm and a variable modulation depth h/a(where h is the grating depth, and a – its period) was carried out. Gratings with a sine-like profile were formed on vacuum chalcogenide photoresists films by interference lithography and covered with an opaque aluminum film. A Dimension 3000 Scanning Probe Microscope was used to determine the grating groove profile. The characteristics of the SPP were determinedfor28 gratings with h/a ranged from 0,018 to 0,20, by measuring the dependences of specular reflection of p-polarized radiation of He-Ne laser on the angle of incidence, which was defined as the angle between the normal to the substrate plane and the laser beam. It was found that there is an optimal grating relief depth for a given excitation wavelength, which provides the maximum transfer of the incident electromagnetic wave energy to the surface plasmon-polariton mode.The dependence of the SPP excitation efficiency on the grating modulation depth has a maximum at a relatively small value of h/a ≈ 0.086. At such modulation depth the absorption of electromagnetic radiation of the incident laser beam is more than two orders of magnitude higher than the absorption of aluminum film with flat surface at the same angle of incidence. The position of the angle of resonant excitation of SPP practically does not change from h/a= 0,018 up to h/a ≈ 0,06. With further increase of h/a it begins to shift to the region of smaller incidence angles, with the rate of the shift accelerating gradually. With an increase of h/a, a decrease in the depth of the plasmon resonance and a significant increase in its half-width are also observed, and the dependence of the half-width of the SPP band on the modulation depth is close to quadratic. Using this grating-coupled SPP technique, the estimated thickness of air-formed oxide layer on the aluminum gratings surface (about 3.9 nm) is close to the value obtained in the literature with a set of complicated techniques.

In-Situ Electronic and Vibrational SERS Observation of Gold Electrodes Under Various pH Conditions

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a vibrational scattering spectroscopy that enables selective and sensitive observation of chemical species existing near a metal surface. In particular, SERS is capable of detecting chemical information with high sensitivity at a buried interface such as an electrode/electrolyte interface. Compared to vibrational absorption spectroscopies, SERS can detect low-frequency vibrations in the THz region in addition to high-frequency vibrations in the so-called fingerprint region. Therefore, one can expect to obtain useful chemical information on electrode/electrolyte interfaces from extramolecular vibrations in such a low frequency region [1]. Moreover, we have recently reported that SERS background continuum is ascribed to surface-enhanced electronic Raman scattering, i.e., electronic SERS. This suggests that the background signals can provide electronic information on the metal electrode [2]. In this study, we measured both electronic and vibrational SERS spectra of electrode/electrolyte interfaces under electrochemical potential applications in various pH conditions.A gold electrode was roughened by applying oxidation and reduction cycles in 0.1 M KCl aqueous solution. In-situ SERS spectra for the gold electrode surface were measured in Ar-bubbled aqueous solutions with three different pH conditions under application of electrochemical potentials. A He-Ne laser radiation of 632.8 nm was used to measure SERS signals.Figure shows SERS spectra for the gold surface measured at -0.6, +0.2, and +0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M KOH solution. (The measured signal intensities were converted to the susceptibility [2].) In this pH condition, OH⁻ adsorption and surface oxidation occur at around -0.4 V and +0.3 V, respectively, during the positive-going potential scan. For vibrational peaks, the stretching modes of Au-OH⁻ and Au-O clearly showed the potential dependent behaviors, as expected; among these three potentials, νAu-OH- and νAu-O were observed only at +0.2 V and +0.6 V, respectively. Moreover, we found vibrational features in the THz region, which can be attributed to water cluster vibrations. These features decreased in intensity at +0.6 V. On the other hand, for the electronic background continuum, the signal intensity decreased at the potentials of OH⁻ adsorption and surface oxidation during the positive-going scan. This result suggests that surface adsorption-induced electronic change can be detected using electronic SERS. In the poster, we will present a detailed analysis of pH-dependence or anion-dependence of in-situ electronic and vibrational SERS spectra of gold surface.[1] M. Inagaki, K. Motobayashi, K. Ikeda, Electrochemical THz-SERS Observation of Thiol Monolayers on Au(111) and (100) Using Nanoparticle assisted Gap-Mode Plasmon Excitation. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 8, 4236-4240 (2017)[2] M. Inagaki, T. Isogai, K. Motobayashi, K.-Q. Lin, B. Ren, K. Ikeda, submitted.Figure. SERS spectra of a roughened Au electrode in Ar-bubbled 0.1 M KOH solution under applied potentials of -0.6 V, +0.2 V, and +0.6 V vs Ag/AgCl. Figure 1

The Effect of He-Ne laser Radiation and Temperature of Blood in Vitro on the Erythrocytes Sedimentation Rate Values in Healthy People

Background : The aim of this study is to research the in vitro effect of&nbsp; the He-Ne laser radiation and study the effect of environmental temperature on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) in blood samples from healthy . Objective : To show the effect of He-Ne laser and effect of environmental temperature on Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Subject &amp; Methods : He-Ne laser wave length of 632.8ηm was used for irradiation with 0.5mm diameter beam spot on blood samples, with power density&nbsp; 1mw/cm2 , The irradiation times were (1hr ) , The samples of blood were obtained&nbsp; 30 contributors and each sample was separated into three samples for irradiation and control . Results : The results showed that there were significant differences in the values of sedimentation rates for both class (25 -45 ) 0c degree heat compared with the values of sedimentation 25 0c degree heat temperature for irradiation and control . It shows the effect of temperature factor on the red blood cells sedimentation rate in blood samples from healthy people and see the effect of the degree of laboratory heat due to lack of efficient heating and cooling devices in the summer and winter on the sedimentation rates of values to be taken into consideration with the results . Conclusion :The change of temperature (high and low) has a great effect on the deposition and precipitation of red blood cells in health people and thus must be taken into consideration and this effect is also observed with the use of He - Ne laser at a temperature of 25 ° C.

Clinical application of the mirror irradiation technique in photodynamic therapy for malignant glioma.

Intraoperative photodynamic therapy (PDT) using talaporfin sodium for malignant glioma is effective both in the experimental and in the clinical setting. Because the irradiation unit is fixed to the objective lens of the operating microscope, blind spots for irradiation exist. To overcome this problem, we developed a mirror reflecting system using a modified dental mirror. The developed mirror is made of stainless steel, has a mirror-polished surface, and is rhodium coated on 1 side, which is the reflecting surface. The reflection rate was measured using He-Ne laser irradiation. The reflection intensity was measured using a laser power meter when the incident angle to the mirror was changed to 60°, 45°, and 30°, and the reflectance was calculated by the direct received light intensity from the laser. After confirming the safety of the fundamental experiment, PDT was performed with this developed mirror on 9 patients with malignant glioma (4 with recurrence and 5 newly diagnosed). The energy efficiency of the mirror was approximately 70 %, and apparent irregular reflection was not observed. Even during clinical use, apparent complications, such as irregular reflection, did not occur upon using the mirror in any of the patients. In all patients, recurrence did not occur in the site where mirror irradiation was performed, but in a deep site or a distant site to which sufficient laser irradiation did not reach. PDT using our newly developed mirror involves few instrumental changes compared with the conventional irradiation method, and is effective, safe, and inexpensive.

Involvement of Photoprotective Compounds of a Phenolic Nature in the Response of Arabidopsis Thaliana Leaf Tissues to Low-Intensity Laser Radiation.

The influence of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) on the changes in the content of anthocyanins, kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosides in the leaves of 5-week-old plants of Arabidopsis thaliana L. was studied by means of methods of high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that in the leaves subjected to a stimulating He-Ne laser radiation dose (3.6Jcm-2 , continuous wave radiation, wavelength-632.8nm, exposure time-5min), the radiation induced an increase in the content of such compounds, the most significant one being in the case of anthocyanins (9 times). The present study also revealed an increase in the antioxidant potential of kaempferol, quercetin and their glycosides as a result of laser exposure. This increase was due to the preferential synthesis of compounds with a larger number of OH-groups on the phenyl ring. Thus, the content of quercetin, which has five OH-groups in its structure, increased almost by three times as compared to the control.

Influence of He-Ne laser irradiation and cadmium and lead on changes in cell cycles at Zea mays L.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of red radiation emitted by helium-neon laser (He-Ne) with a wavelength λ = 632.8 nm and trace elements: cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as cadmium nitrate and lead nitrate solutions, at 30 ppm concentrations, on the cell cycle of root-tip meristem cells in maize. Red light stimulated the mitotic activity of the meristemic cells of the maize root-tip meristem growth after irradiation of seed samples with simultaneous treatment in the presence of Cd or Pb. The mitotic index was inhibited when the seeds were treated with distilled water with the addition of Cd or Pb salts. Seeds treated with laser had significantly the highest mitotic index. Results revealed that maize seed pre-treatment with the red light protects the root-tip meristem cells against the mitodepressive effect of Cd and Pb ions. Seed biomodulation using red light emitted by He-Ne laser can positively effect the germination and plant growth.

Laser irradiation pretreatment improves endometrial preparation of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in recurrent implantation failure patients

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) remains a clinical dilemma. Helium-Neon (He-Ne) laser irradiation has recently become more popular under certain clinical conditions. Given the unique therapeutic effects, we were interested in determining whether pretreatment with He-Ne laser irradiation prior to frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) would improve the microcirculation and cause the release of growth factors and cytokines, thus improving endometrial receptivity and the clinical pregnancy rates. Patients chose for themselves whether to proceed with (n = 29) or without (n = 31) pretreatment with He-Ne laser irradiation prior to FET. The clinical pregnancy rate (37.9%) and implantation rate (20.3%) were higher in the laser-treatment group than in the control group (35.5% and 15.9%, respectively, p = .844 and .518, respectively). The live birth rate was higher in the laser-treatment group (27.6% vs. 25.8%, respectively, p = .876) and the miscarriage rate was lower in the laser-treatment group (18.2% and 27.3%, respectively, p = .611). No side effects or complications from laser irradiation were encountered in patients who received the laser treatment. We concluded that pretreatment with He-Ne laser prior to FET may be an alternative choice for RIF-affected women; however, additional well-designed prospective studies are necessary to determine the precise clinical value of this treatment.

Laser modification of high-pressure high-temperature nanodiamonds

Micro-thin semitransparent films of purified high pressure high temperature nanodiamonds were produced on a glass substrate. A focused 632.8 nm He-Ne laser irradiation is shown to cause an emission of light in the green region of the optical spectrum accompanied with laser-induced blackening of the obtained films. Possible mechanisms of the observed phenomenon are discussed.

The reactive influences of pre-sowing He-Ne laser seed irradiation and drought stress on growth, fatty acids, phenolic ingredients, and antioxidant properties of Celosia argentea

Drought stress possesses a destructive effect on crop productivity and food security worldwide. Recently, the protective role of He-Ne laser radiation in plants against different abiotic stresses has been reported. However, there is no information about the protecting role of He-Ne laser irradiation against drought stress in Celosia argentea. Accordingly, the protective effect of different exposure times (0, 5, 10, and 15 min) of He-Ne laser irradiation in C. argentea exposed to different irrigation regimes (4, 7, and 10 days) was investigated for the first time. The branches number, root length, and vase life days, besides the fatty acids profile, total contents of phenolic, flavonoid and tannin compounds, as well the antioxidant activity of C. argentea methanol extracts using DPPH and ABTS assays were positively affected by the He-Ne laser irradiation exposure time as compared to 0 min exposure time (L0). Regarding the combination of He-Ne laser radiation and irrigation regime, the L5 and L10 enhanced most of the growth parameters especially with 4 and 7 days drought regimes (D4 and D7). The L0 + D4 exhibited the highest amount of total identified fatty acids (TFA) and saturated fatty acids (SFA) and the lowest amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), besides the L5, L10, and L15 exposure times showed a positive effect against 10 days irrigation regime (D10) by increasing the contents of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in C. argentea. Hesperidin (580.03 μg/g, DW), acacetin 7-O-rutinoside (222.54 μg/g, DW), apigenin-6-arabinose-8-galactose (216.91 μg/g, DW), and quercetin (49.82 μg/g, DW) are the major flavonoids were identified and quantified by HPLC in C. argentea. These findings could propose the He-Ne laser as a new, low cost, and safe method for guarding plant cells against negative effects of drought stress. The L10 followed by L5 is the most effective exposure times of laser that induced drought tolerance on C. argentea through increasing branches number, root length, and vase life days and giving the highest concentration of secondary metabolites.

Conical refraction with low-coherence light sources.

We report on conical refraction (CR) with low-coherence light sources, such as light-emitting diodes and decoherentized HeNe laser radiation, and demonstrate different CR patterns. In our experiments, a variation of the pinhole sizes from 25 to 100 µm and the distances to pinhole from 50 to 5 cm reduced spatial coherence of radiation that resulted in the disappearance of the dark Poggendorff's ring in the Lloyd's plane. This is attributed to the interference nature of the Lloyd's distribution and found to be in excellent agreement with the paraxial dual-cone model of conical refraction.

WITHDRAWN: Effect of He-Ne laser irradiation on embryonic development in chicken eggs

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). These articles are retracted at the request of the authors. The joint Editors-in-Chief agree with this decision.

In vitro UV-Visible and FTIR Spectroscopy Study of Low Power He-Ne Laser Irradiation on Human Blood

Laser irradiation has biostimulating effect in various cell types low power laser radiation is used clinically for skin and vascular disorders.&#x0D; Aims: To investigate the effect of (He-Ne) laser (λ= 632nm, power=1mW) on human whole blood, after irradiated to different times from 10 min to 50 min.&#x0D; Study Design: Human Whole Blood Irradiated to (He-Ne) laser(λ= 632nm, power=1mW). &#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Soba Hospital, Khartoum- Sudan, Institute of Laser, Sudan University of science and technology (SUST), February 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: Blood samples were taken from healthy volunteers; blood sample irradiated to (He-Ne) laser and control compared; FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used to study laser radiation effect&#x0D; Results: FTIR spectra and UV-vis absorption spectra of blood samples are compared before and after irradiated to He-Ne laser shows increases absorption for 10, and 40 min but it decreases as the exposure time at 30,20 and 50 minutes. This fluctuation of light absorption is known as a biphasic response.&#x0D; FTIR spectra of non exposed blood showed the peaks due to O-H (free group), C=O (amide I group), N=O (nitro group), and C-H (aromatic group). N-H (Amino acid (amide II). For all exposure time He-Ne laser (λ= 632nm, power=1mW) irradiation, showed significant changes. Increased in transmittance at different exposure time for all groups (C=O, O-H, N=O, C-O &amp; C-H, N-H) and indicates significant decreasing in their concentration.&#x0D; Conclusion: The laser radiation causes changes in the structure and conformational changes in the polypeptide and absorption of blood samples decreased due to increasing ligand electronegativity.

Mechanisms of repigmentation induced by photobiomodulation therapy in vitiligo.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is based on the exposure of biological tissues to low-level laser light (coherent light) or light-emitting diodes (LEDs; noncoherent light), leading to the modulation of cellular functions, such as proliferation and migration, which result in tissue regeneration. PBM therapy has important clinical applications in regenerative medicine. Vitiligo is an acquired depigmentary disorder resulting from disappearance of functional melanocytes in the involved skin. Vitiligo repigmentation depends on available melanocytes derived from (a) melanocyte stem cells located in the bulge area of hair follicles and (b) the epidermis at the lesional borders, which contains a pool of functional melanocytes. Since follicular melanoblasts (MBs) are derived from the melanocyte stem cells residing at the bulge area of hair follicle, the process of vitiligo repigmentation presents a research model for studying the regenerative effect of PBM therapy. Previous reports have shown favourable response for treatment of vitiligo with a low-energy helium-neon (He-Ne) laser. This review focuses on the molecular events that took place during the repigmentation process of vitiligo triggered by He-Ne laser (632.8nm, red light). Monochromatic radiation in the visible and infrared A (IRA) range sustains matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), improves mitochondrial function, and increases adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis and O2 consumption, which lead to cellular regenerative pathways. Cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria was reported to be the photoacceptor upon which He-Ne laser exerts its effects. Mitochondrial retrograde signalling is responsible for the cellular events by red light. This review shows that He-Ne laser initiated mitochondrial retrograde signalling via a Ca2+ -dependent cascade. The impact on cytochrome c oxidase within the mitochondria, an event that results in activation of CREB (cyclic-AMP response element binding protein)-related cascade, is responsible for the He-Ne laser promoting functional development at different stages of MBs and boosting functional melanocytes. He-Ne laser irradiation induced (a) melanocyte stem cell differentiation; (b) immature outer root sheath MB migration; (c) differentiated outer root sheath MB melanogenesis and migration; and (d) perilesional melanocyte migration and proliferation. These photobiomodulation effects result in perifollocular and marginal repigmentation in vitiligo.

Comparison Study between two laser effects on enhancement of Human Sperm Motility

Lasers began to be used in the treatment of infertility between 1980s-1990; the first studies clearly indicate that human sperm motility as well as velocity can be improved by He-Ne laser irradiation. After collection, the semen was taken immediately to the laboratory for sample preparation and physical and morphological analysis. Semen samples were stored in formalin-saline for evaluation of concentration and sperm morphology. The samples of semen used were of concentration greater than 200 × 106/mL, and ejaculate volume greater than 5.0 ml. The gathered data suggest that primary photo acceptors are connected with oxygen metabolism and, in particular, with respiratory chains. It is important to recall that the activation by using (He-Ne)laser more effective than that when we used diode laser, because the activation by red light more effective to activate the ATP production ,and as a result increase sperm mutuality red laser light energized the sperm more than the invisible light absorption. The photo receptors when using red light were more sensitive to the red light than the invisible (Diode laser).

Laser Irradiation Induces DNA Polymorphism and Alters Phytochemicals Compositions as well as Growth and Yield of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Curcuma longa&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;

<i>Curcuma longa</i>, commonly known as curcuma or turmeric is a perennial herbaceous plant native to Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. Its underground part, referred as rhizome, is used for vegetative propagation and source for remedies for various illnesses. Curcuminoid and volatile oils are the major active components found in turmeric, the yellow power obtained from the ground rhizome. He-Ne laser irradiation has been used as biostimulator device to enhance plant growth. In this study, we have pre-treated the curcuma rhizomes with 5, 10- or 15-min He-Ne laser irradiation. Laser pre-treated and non-treated rhizomes were then cultivated in greenhouse for 8 months. The growth parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents, rhizomes yield were measured. The phytochemical compositions of rhizomes from different treatment groups were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and compared. Effects of laser on DNA polymorphism was assessed by ISSR markers. Our results indicated that laser pre-treatments on rhizomes enhanced curcuma plant height, number of roots and rhizomes, rhizomes diameters, and dried weight of leaves and rhizomes, as well as photosynthetic pigments. The enhancement effects are more prominent in 10 min treatment groups. In addition, laser treatment also alters the phytochemical compositions of ethanol extract from the rhizomes. Interestingly, our study has revealed that laser treatment had resulted in DNA polymorphism as shown from the analysis by ISSR markers.

The technology of laser cataract extraction in diabetic patients

In 1994, academician S.N. Fyodorov directed the development of laser cataract extraction (LCE) technique, which does not require manual or ultrasonic lens fragmentation. To determine the effectiveness and safety of Russian LCE technology in patients with diabetes mellitus using comparative analysis, and to develop practical guidelines. The study analyzed the results of 154 operations in patients with complicated cataract and diabetes mellitus (DM). 80 LCE operations and 74 ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification (PhEC) surgeries including implantation of intraocular lens were performed. The duration of DM was 12.5±7.1 years in the LCE group and 11.9±7.3 years in the PhEC group. The energy of neodymium Nd:YAG laser endo-dissector with original wavelength of 1.44 μm together with low-intensity He-Ne laser radiation of 0.63 μm were delivered simultaneously to the eye cavity. Corneal endothelial cells loss was significantly lower (by 1.8 times) after LCE, in the early postop period, in 1 year, and 2 years after the surgery; the incidence of intraocular pressure increase and ciliary body edema were lower as well. Moreover, there is no negative influence on the posterior segment of the eye because the radiation of laser endo-dissector during the duty cycle of cataract removal does not extend beyond the lens capsule, and does not affect other tissues of the eye. In comparison to ultrasound cataract surgery, LCE is a more safe and effective method of removing complicated cataracts in diabetic patients with any degree of lens density.

Statistical Analysis of Instantaneous Effect of Polarized He-Ne Laser Radiation on the Elastic Modulus of Soft Biological Tissue

Introduction: This work is dedicated to investigating the effect of applying polarized He-Ne laser beam (λ= 632 nm, 10 mW, 1 j/cm2) with polarization direction perpendicular to the stress direction on the tensile strength of biological tissue (elasticity index of the Pleura 10*4*0.1 mm). Method and Material: The optimized characteristics of the laser illumination in the minimum times of radiation is detected here through some series of designed experiments and the results are completely applicable to the new investigations. To achieve the purpose, the experiments are designed in full factorial design model to study the effecting factor of viscoelastic modules of the pleura. The employed factor is time duration of the exposure. different irradiation timing is 5 s, 10 s, 15 s and 20 s. Result: Through the variance analysis it is found that time duration of radiation plays very important role on its viscoelastic characteristics. Additionally, it is revealed that a special condition, the time of exposure =10 sec, leads to the highest value of relative elastic modulus, i.e., the most increase in the tensile strength of the Pleura because of dehydration of cells is happened in longer time irradiation than 10s and no effect in less duration than 10s. Conclusion: This conclusion can be useful in dealing with wound scars, reforming the shape of the cornea, cartilage reshaping and et.