HDL-C Values Research Articles

Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on the lipid profile: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background and aimsDehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation has gained attention in individuals with adrenal insufficiency, and as a tool for increasing androgens and estrogens whereby is proposed to improve the accretion of muscle and bone mass. However, DHEA supplementation has demonstrated negative effects on the lipid profile and, thus, we aimed to analyze the body of evidence in this regard. Methods and resultsA systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed employing in Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Embase and Google Scholar, then including relevant articles that addressed the effects of DHEA supplementation on the lipid profile, up to February 2020. Combined findings were generated from 23 eligible articles. Hence, total cholesterol (TC) (weighted mean difference (WMD): −3.5 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval (CI): −8.5 to 1.6)), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (WMD: 0.34 mg/dl, 95% CI: −3 to 3.7) and triglycerides (TG) levels (WMD: −2.85 mg/dl, 95% CI: −9.3 to 3.6) did not alter in DHEA group compared to the control, but HDL-C levels significantly reduced in DHEA group (WMD: −3.1 mg/dl, 95% CI: −4.9 to −1.3). In addition, a significant reduction in HDL-C values was observed in studies comprising women (WMD: −5.1 mg/dl, 95% CI: −7.2 to −3) but not in males (WMD: 0.13 mg/dl, 95% CI: −1.4 to 1.7). ConclusionsOverall, supplementation with DHEA did not change circulating values of TC, LDL-C and TG, whereas it may decrease HDL-C levels. Further long-term RCTs are required to investigate the effects of DHEA particularly on major adverse cardiac events.

The abnormal lipid profile in obesity and coronary heart disease (CHD) in Pakistani subjects

BackgroundObesity has become global epidemic in the last three decades, whereas Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) still remains the most important cause of mortality in the world. The study was aimed at determining the pattern of lipid profile for the obese and CHD population in Pakistan. As obesity is a strong predisposing risk factor for CHD, we aimed to analyze the lipid parameters in both conditions and compare them with the healthy controls of the same ethnicity.MethodsBlood samples were collected from one thousand individuals (500 with CHD, 250 with obesity, 250 healthy controls). The lipid profile (total Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL) was measured using commercially available kits. The pattern of dyslipidemia was then studied by comparing the results in both groups with controls as well as population cutoffs. The quantitative variables were checked for normality and log transformation was done for variables where appropriate. Analysis of variance and logistic regression were done to check the association of lipid parameters with obesity and CHD.ResultsThe obese and CHD groups showed a dyslipidemic profile than the healthy controls. CHD group had a higher proportion of CHD in any of the first degree blood relatives (36.0% vs. 1.8%), a similar trend was observed in the obese group, where 63.9% cases had positive family history. Among cases, 50.7% had combined lipid abnormalities, i.e., the values of TC, LDL-C, TG and HDL-C, all were deranged. Whereas 49.52% had TC more than normal cut off (> 200 mg/dl), 51.6% had LDL-C > 100 mg/dl. Similarly, 80.4% of patients had TG levels more than upper normal range (> 150 mg/dl) and 64% had HDL values in moderate CHD risk group (< 50 mg/dl). The results show that Pakistani cases are hyperlipidemic for lipid traits except for HDL which is lowered. Patients with comorbidities also had lipid profiles deviated from the normal range.ConclusionThe study provides information regarding the aberration of lipid profile in the metabolic disorders that can increase the predisposition to complications.

Additive Value of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and C-Reactive Protein Level Assessment for Prediction of 2-year Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Available prediction models are inaccurate in elderly who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The aim of present study was to analyze the separate and combined prognostic values of baseline HDL-C and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in patients treated successfully with TAVI who had complete 2-year follow-up. We analyzed 334 patients treated with TAVI from 01/2010 to 07/2017 who had measurements of HDL-C and CRP on admission or during qualification for the procedure. Baseline HDL-C ≤46 mg/dl (areas under the curve [AUC] = 0.657) and CRP ≥0.20 mg/dl (AUC = 0.634) were predictive of 2-year mortality. After stratification with both cutoffs, patients with low HDL-C and concomitant high CRP most often had LVEF ≤50% and were high risk as per EuroSCORE II. Those with isolated CRP elevation had the lowest frequency of LVEF ≤50%, but more sarcopenia (based on psoas muscle area). After adjustment in the multivariate analysis for other identified predictors including EuroSCORE II and statin therapy, isolated HDL-C ≤46 mg/dl (identified in 40 patients) and isolated CRP ≥0.20 mg/dl (n = 109) were both independent predictors of 2-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.92 and HR = 2.42, respectively) compared with patients with both markers within established cutoffs (n = 105) who had the lowest 2-year mortality (9.5%). Patients with both markers exceeding cutoffs (n = 80) had the highest risk (HR = 4.53) with 2-year mortality of 42.5%. High CRP was associated with increased mortality within the first year of follow-up, whereas low HDL-C increased mortality in the second year. The combination of both markers with EuroSCORE II enhanced mortality prediction (AUC = 0.697). In conclusion, low baseline HDL-C and high CRP jointly contribute to the prediction of increased all-cause mortality after TAVI.

Role of Dietary and Lifestyle Modifications in the Secondary Prevention of Biomarkers of Plaque recurrence in Omani Coronary Revascularized Patients

Objective: To assess the role of various dietary and lifestyle modifications in the secondary prevention of biomarkers of plaque recurrence in Omani coronary revascularized patients.Methods: Seventy-two patients, from the outpatient cardiology clinic of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, were included in the study after obtaining an informed consent. In a questionnaire-based study, we collected data about four lifestyle modifications; physical activity, weight reduction, dietary intake and healthy eating patterns and smoking or non-smoking status, in personal interviews. A modified previously validated study questionnaire, which comprised of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, was used to assess the demographic information, eating patterns, diet quality index score, and daily dietary intake of study participants. The data about patient’s baseline characteristics, revascularization information and biochemical laboratory tests was harvested from the SQUH’s electronic record system. The statistical analysis of data was made using R-studio v.7 and Microsoft excel v.7.Results: The males had higher educational level as compared to females and were more active than females. The data indicated that 16% males and females were diabetic, 10% males and 21% females were hypertensive, and 30% males and 42% females had both diabetes and hypertension. Forty eight percent males and 63% females had body mass index (BMI) &gt;30. However, no significant (P &lt; 0.05) differences were observed in the BMI, diabetes and hypertension status in males and females. Both genders had poor nutritional knowledge. Although the LDL-C and HDL-C values in males and females differed, they were within the normal therapeutic limits. The HbA1c and C-reactive protein values were above the normal ranges with no significant (P &lt; 0.05) difference in both males and females. The average daily energy intake in males (2694 kcalories) was significantly higher compared to females (1603 kcalories). The proportionate contribution of energy from macronutrients was within the acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges. Omani diet score for males (75.5) and females (74.6) didn’t differ significantly (P &lt; 0.05), indicating their adherence to healthy dietary patterns.Conclusions: The results suggest that dietary and lifestyle modifications play significant role in the secondary prevention of biomarkers of plaque recurrence in Omani coronary revascularized patients. Behavioral counseling to promote healthy modifications in dietary and lifestyle factors are therefore recommended in the secondary prevention of risk of plaque recurrence.

EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF TURMERIC IN LOWERING BLOOD LIPID LEVELS AND GLUCOSE IN RATS FED HIGH-FAT DIETS

Curcuma longa L. plant (known as curcum hence the name Curcuma, turmeric) is a member of the Curcuma botanical group, which is part of the ginger family of herbs, Turmeric is used worldwide as the main ingredient in curry, the spice, and as a source for curcumin or curcuminoids. it is used for medicinal purposes This study was conducted on sixty Sprague Dawley strain male rats and weighting 100±10 g. Six rats served as control (-ve) group (Co.(-)) while Twenty-four rats were fed high- containing basal diet+5% tallow+1% cholesterol+ 0.02% bile salt to induce Hypercholesterolemia. These rats were reclassified into control (+ ve) (Co.(+)), three treated rat groups that were 4, 6 and 8 g /kg diet turmeric. The treatment period was designed for six weeks. The obtained results revealed that the total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-C and LDL-C were determined, in addition to serum glucose, liver and kidney function. The histopathological changes of the heart, liver and kidney were evaluated. SPSS, one way ANOVA was used to analyze the results. The results indicated that dietary curcumin significantly blocked the effect of HFD on the body-weight gain, the best value was in G (3), The best treatment was turmeric (6g and 8g) which had the lowest values of total cholesterol, TG and LDL-C, and the best values of HDL-C. Also, the best improvement in glucose level in G (3), results clearly revealed that the best treatment was turmeric (8 g / Kg diet) which had the lowest values of ALK, ALT and ALP. uric acid and urea gave a significant decrease in groups G2 and G3. The moderate and higher dose from turmeric gave normal histological structure in the heart, liver and kidney in Morphologic changes. In conclusion, results showed that turmeric had a similar potential to attenuate CHD-related parameters in mild oxidative stress induced by a high-fat diet in rats. KEYWORDS: Atherosclerosis turmeric, Liver, Heart, High-Fat Diets rats

Evaluation of Orally Administered Atorvastatin on Plasma Lipid and Biochemistry Profiles in Hypercholesterolemic Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (Amazona ventralis).

Atorvastatin is a synthetic statin administered in its active form and used for the treatment of dyslipidemias. In the current study, the effects of atorvastatin were evaluated on plasma lipid profiles and the potential for adverse effects after once daily PO dosing of atorvastatin for 30 days in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Sixteen adult parrots (10 female, 6 male) with hypercholesterolemia were used for this study. Birds were assigned to 2 groups (treatment and control) of 8 parrots each (3 male, 5 female) after balancing for age, sex, originating institution, and baseline plasma cholesterol values. Compounded atorvastatin oral suspension (10 mg/kg) was administered PO once daily via gavage into the crop. Equivalent volumes of placebo suspension were administered to the control group. Plasma biochemistry and plasma lipid profile analysis (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and triglycerides [TGs]) were analyzed on days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma samples and HDL-C fractions were evaluated for cholesterol and TG concentrations via enzymatic assays. Subtraction of HDL-C values from total cholesterol yielded the non-HDL-C concentration for each bird. Birds were routinely assessed for appetite, activity, and urofeces. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were obtained from 7 of 8 birds in the treatment group from banked samples. Those samples were obtained on days 14 and 30, with drug administration 6 to 8 hours before collection. No significant differences were observed in total cholesterol, HDL-C, non-HDL-C, or TG between treatment and control groups at days 0, 14, and 30. Plasma atorvastatin concentrations were variable on day 14 (0.54-5.41 ng/ mL for 6 of 7 samples, with 1 outlier of 307 ng/mL) and on day 30 (0.79-6.74 ng/mL). No adverse effects were noted in any of the birds during the study period. When dosed PO at 10 mg/kg once daily, atorvastatin did not result in significant changes to plasma lipid profiles (eg, lowering of plasma total or non-HDL-C concentrations) at any time point during this study. Future studies to investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of atorvastatin in parrots may require increased doses and/or frequency of administration.

Association Between Maternal Glucose/Lipid Metabolism Parameters and Abnormal Newborn Birth Weight in Gestational Diabetes Complicated by Preeclampsia: A Retrospective Analysis of 248 Cases.

IntroductionWomen with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) with co-existent preeclampsia (GCP) are at increased risk of giving birth to a baby with an abnormal birth weight. We have analyzed the risk factors for abnormal newborn birth weight (NBW) in women with co-presence of GDM and GCP, focusing on maternal glucose/lipid metabolism, with the aim to optimize the clinical intervention strategy.MethodsThe clinical data of 248 pregnant women with GCP and their infants were retrospectively analyzed through a comprehensive review of the electronic medical records of Women and Children’s Hospital, Xiamen University (Xiamen, China). These women had received prenatal care and had their baby delivered in the hospital between January 2016 and November 2018. Major characteristics assessed were large for gestational age (LGA), small for gestational age (SGA), severe preeclampsia (S-PE), and maternal plasma glucose/lipid profile in late pregnancy. Secondary characteristics were maternal age, height, body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG), abortion history, education level, primipara or not, preterm or not, and fetal gender. Regression analysis was used to analyze the association between maternal glucose/lipid metabolism parameters and LGA or SGA.ResultsThere was no difference in the ratio of advanced maternal age, primipara, abortion history, preterm delivery, and newborn sex between the control group and the LGA or SGA group. Logistic regression analysis, with such factors as maternal stature, BMI, among others, was applied. Multivariate analysis of SGA infants revealed the following associations: S-PE (odds ratio [OR] 3.226, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.385–7.515; adjusted OR [AOR] 3.675, 95% CI 1.467–9.207; p < 0.05); high levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c > 6.5%) (OR 0.436, 95% CI 0.187–1.017; AOR 0.459, 95% CI 0.179–1.173; p > 0.05); low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L) (OR 0.625, 95% CI 0.287–1.361; AOR 0.637, 95% CI 0.267–1.520; p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis of LGA revealed the following associations: S-PE (OR 30.885, 95% CI 0.398–2.013; AOR 0.974, 95% CI 0.400–2.371; p > 0.05); high levels of HbA1c (OR 4.542, 95% CI 0.187–11.824; AOR 3.997, 95% CI 1.452–10.998; p < 0.05); low levels of HDL (OR 3.393, 95% CI 1.362–8.453; AOR 2.900, 95% CI 1.100–7.647; p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe results of our analysis revealed that severity of preeclampsia was associated with SGA. The high HbA1c and low HDL-C values found in our analysis were independent risk factors for LGA in women with GCP, while other lipoproteins were not associated with abnormal NBW. These findings suggest that there are differences in the effects of various maternal lipid parameters on NBW.

Screening and socioeconomic associations of dyslipidemia in young adults

BackgroundThe Southern region of the United States is home to substantial populations with obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia, while also housing a large percentage of America’s minority, rural, and low socioeconomic status (SES) peoples. Adult-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) research may be informed by investigating associations(s) between late adolescent demographic variables and lipid values. Our objective was to investigate lipid parameter associations with college-age socioeconomic status, which may improve age-specific screening algorithms for management or prevention of adult-onset CVD.MethodsUsing an Analysis of Variance test and a general linear model, associations between gender, race/ethnicity, SES, and athletic participation on lipid parameters (VLDL-C, LDL-C, TG, TC, and HDL-C) were analyzed in 4423 private liberal arts college students enrolled in freshman-level wellness courses at Furman University in Greenville, SC. Comparative data were collected from an age-matched sample (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: NHANES 2003–2016). Our main outcomes were statistically significant relationships between any lipid values (TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG) and any demographic variables (gender, SES, ethnicity, athlete status).ResultsMales demonstrated lower TC and LDL-C, and higher HDL-C values. HDL-C was highest in athletes. African-American students demonstrated healthier VLDL-C, TG, and HDL-C values. With similar distributions, the age-matched NHANES comparison group showed unhealthier values in nearly all categories.ConclusionsCollege students may have better lipid health than the general population. African-Americans may have seemingly healthier lipid values than age-matched individuals independent of athletic or college enrollment which has already been demonstrated in other studies. Future research should include SES relationships in lipid screening paradigms along with other appropriate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Based on our comparative data, pediatric health providers and researchers may consider education as a potential protective factor against poor lipid health when considering lipid screening protocols for students.

Effect of Cilostazol-Loaded PCL/PEG Nanocapsules on Abdominal Aortic Tunics and Lipid Profile of Wistar Rats

Abstract Cilostazol (CLZ) is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with antiplatelet and vasodilator properties. It has been recently verified that CLZ plays a significant role in the arteries by inhibiting the proliferation and growth of muscle cells, increasing the release of nitric oxide by the endothelium and promoting angiogenesis. Considering these promising effects, the use of nanocapsules may be an interesting strategy to optimize its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics at the vascular level for preventing atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cilostazol-loaded nanocapsules in the abdominal aortic tunics and on the lipid profile of Wistar rats in order to investigate its potential role in the prevention of atherosclerosis. Thirty-two animals were divided into four groups of eight animals, with 30-day treatment. Group 1 received nanoencapsulated CLZ; Group 2, control nanocapsules with no drug; Group 3, propylene glycol and water; and Group 4, a solution of CLZ in propylene glycol and water. After 30 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the cellularity and thickness of the arterial tunics of the abdominal aorta. However, the group that received nanoencapsulated CLZ (Group 1) had an improvement in HDL-c and triglyceride values compared to unloaded nanocapsules (Group 2).

The causal role of elevated uric acid and waist circumference on the risk of metabolic syndrome components.

Hyperuricemia has been found to cluster with multiple components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is unclear whether hyperuricemia is a downstream result of MetS or may play an upstream role in MetS development. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method, we examined the causal relationship between elevated uric acid and the various components of MetS with waist circumference as a positive control. Data from 10k participants of Taiwan Biobank was used to carry out MR analysis with uric acid risk score (wGRS) and waist circumference wGRS as instrumental variables and components of MetS as the outcomes. We found that genetically increased serum uric acid corresponds to a significant increment of triglyceride (β = 0.065, p < 0.0001), systolic blood pressure (β = 1.047, p = 0.0005), diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.857, p < 0.0001), and mean arterial pressure (β = 0.920, p < 0.0001), but a significant reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = -0.020, p = 0.0014). Uric acid wGRS was not associated with fasting serum glucose, HbA1C, waist circumference, or BMI. On the other hand, waist circumference was causally associated with all the components of MetS including uric acid. Our MR investigation shows that uric acid increment may augment the risk of MetS through increasing blood pressure and triglyceride levels and lowering HDL-C value but not through accumulating fat or hyperglycemia. High waist circumference may be a causal agent for all the components of MetS including hyperuricemia.

Early life feeding and current dietary patterns are associated with biomarkers of glucose and lipid metabolism in young women from the Nutritionist's Health Study.

We investigated if breastfeeding duration and current dietary patterns (DP) were associated with glucose and lipid metabolism biomarkers in women from the Nutritionist's Health Study. This is a cross-sectional analysis of 200 healthy undergraduates and nutrition graduates aged ≤45 years. Total [<6; ≥6 months] and predominant [<3; ≥3 months] breastfeeding were recalled using questionnaires. Diet were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. DP obtained by factor analysis by principal component were categorized into tertiles of adherence (T1 = reference). Glucose and lipid biomarkers were categorized into tertiles (T1 + T2 = reference). Logistic regression was applied considering minimal sufficient adjustment recommended by directed acyclic graphs. Median (interquartile range) age and BMI were 23.0 (20.0; 28.5) years and 22.6 (20.7; 25.4) kg/m2, respectively. Mean ± SD values of glucose, LDL-c and HDL-c were 82.0 ± 9.0, 101.1 ± 29.6 and 54.4 ± 12.4 mg/dL, respectively. Women breastfed for <6 months had higher chance of being classified into T3 of insulin (OR = 2.87; 95%CI = 1.28-6.40). Predominant breastfeeding < 3 months was associated with insulin levels (OR = 2.27; 95%CI = 1.02-5.02) and HOMA-IR (OR = 2.36; 95%CI = 1.06-5.26). Breastfeeding was not associated with lipids. The Processed pattern was directly associated with LDL-c (T3: OR 6.08; 95%CI 1.80-20.58; P-trend = 0.004), while the Prudent pattern was inversely associated with LDL-c (T3: OR 0.26; 95%CI 0.08-0.87; P-trend = 0.029) and LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (T3: OR 0.28; 95%CI 0.08-0.97; P-trend = 0.046). Early feeding could be a protective factor against insulin resistance development, while current DP were associated with lipid profile. This evidence indicates that from early life until early adulthood, dietary habits might influence women's cardiometabolic risk profile.

Alleviation of Tramadol-Induced Liver Toxicity in Experimental Rats by Using Kiwifruit, Turmeric Extract or Their Combination

This work was designed to study the potential effect of kiwifruit, turmeric extract or their combination in alleviation of the liver toxicity induced by tramadol intake. Thirty rats were fed on a basal diet, six of them continued on the basal diet (negative control). The remaining rats were given tramadol daily and divided into four groups, one of them served as positive control, while the other three groups were treated daily with kiwifruit juice, turmeric water extract and their combination for four weeks. The results revealed that the positive control exhibited significant decreases in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-c levels and a significant increase in serum LDL-c as compared to the negative control. In comparing with the positive control, the serum cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-c and HDL-c values increased while LDL-c value decreased significantly in the three treated groups which reached the normal values of the negative control. The findings revealed significant decreases in serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and total bilirubin and significant increases in total protein and albumin of the treated groups in comparing with the positive control. An improvement of the antioxidant parameters was observed where the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor- α, acetylcholine esterase and total oxidative capacity decreased significantly while the levels of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidants capacity increased in all the treated groups in comparing with positive control group. It is recommended by using kiwifruit and turmeric extract in the diets of those who addicted to tramadol intake.

The Effects of a New Generation of Nutraceutical Compounds on Lipid Profile and Glycaemia in Subjects with Pre-hypertension.

Treatment strategies for patients with pre-hypertension and low-moderate cardiovascular (CV) risk may include nutraceutical compounds (NCs). To investigate the efficacy and safety of a new-generation of NC in lowering BP values and improving metabolic profile, in a group of hyper-cholesterolemic subjects with pre-hypertension. 131 subjects with pre-hypertension (systolic BP 130-139mmHg and/or diastolic BP 85-89mmHg) without organ damage and history of CV diseases were enrolled. 66 subjects were treated with a once-daily oral formulation of a NC (red yeast rice, Berberine, Coenzyme Q10, folic acid and chrome) added to diet for 3months, while 65 patients followed a diet only. Differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC and HDLC), triglycerides (TG), glycemia, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. At the end of treatment, significant reductions of TC, LDLC, TG glucose levels were observed in both treatment groups, while HDLC values increased in the active treatment group only. A greater reduction of TC, LDLC and glycemia was observed in the treatment group. TG levels were not different within the two groups. BP and BMI levels remained unchanged, as well AST, ALT; CPK slightly increased in both groups, but it remained in the normal range. In patients with pre-hypertension, NC supplementation was safe, well tolerated and effective in improving lipid pattern and glucose levels and in preventing the progression to overt hypertension.

EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY OF A NEW GENERATION OF NUTRACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS ON LIPID PROFILE AND SERUM GLYCAEMIA IN SUBJECTS WITH HIGH-NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE LEVELS

Objective: In the 2018 ESH/ESC hypertension guidelines is recommend that patients with high–normal blood pressure (BP) values and low–moderate cardiovascular (CV) risk should be offered lifestyle advice, because this reduces their risk of progressing to established hypertension and may further reduce their CV risk. Treatment strategies include non-pharmacologic interventions and in this respect a relevant role has been shown for nutraceutical compounds (NCs). Design and method: 131 subjects (mean age 55.7 ± 9.6 years, 53% males) with high-normal BP levels (i.e. with systolic BP of 130–139 mmHg and/or with diastolic BP of 85–89 values) without hypertension-mediated organ damage and history of cardio-vascular (CV) diseases were enrolled. 66 subjects were treated with a once-daily oral formulation of a NCs containing red yeast rice (equivalent of 3 mg of Monacolin K), 500 mg of Berberine, 30 mg of Coenzyme Q10, 200 mcg of folic acid and 40 mg of chrome that added to their diet for 3 months and were compared with the 65 patients following a diet program. Differences in serum total cholesterol (TC), low- and high-density-lipo- protein cholesterol (LDLC and HDLC), triglycerides (TG), glucose values, CPK, AST, ALT and BMI were compared by analysis of variance. Results: A significant reduction of TC, LDLC and glucose levels was observed in both treatment groups, while HDLC values significantly increased in the active treatment group (+4.8 %, p < 0.0001). However, a greater reduction of TC (-13.6%) LDLC (-17.7%), and serum glucose (-7.7%) was observed in the treatment group that to the control (p < 0.001 for all). BP, BMI and TG levels remained unchanged (p = N.S.). Gender difference was not found in either group (p = N.S.). No adverse event was observed during the study and safety parameters (i.e AST, ALT and CPK values) was not-different between groups; 2 subjects in the active and 2 in the control group withdrew from the study. Conclusions: In patients with high-normal BP levels, NC supplementation was safe, well tolerated and effective in improving lipid pattern and glucose profile.

A study of lipid profile in chronic kidney disease in pre- dialysis patients

Introduction: Longitudinal studies have established that Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) occur more frequently and are the leading cause of death in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Dyslipidemia has been established as an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of CVD in CKD patients. Objectives: Present study was aimed to evaluate (in CKD patients),Demography along with Prevalence and Pattern of Dyslipidemiaand co-relation of Dyslipidemia with various CK Dstages. Methods: Present Cross-sectional study, conducted in Department of Medicine, R.D. Gardi Medical College and CRG hospital, Ujjain, M.P. from 1st January 2015 to 31st July 2016.We studied 115 pre-dialysis CKDcases and 100 age & sex matched controls. CKD was diagnosed as per 2012 KDOQI Criteria. Result:In CKD cases,maximum 23.47% cases belonged to fifth decade. Mean age was 48.99 ± 16.74. Male to Female ratio was1.21: 1. Prevalence of individual dyslipidemias was High TC= 50.44%, High TG= 67%, High LDL-C= 42%, High VLDL-C= 67% and Low HDL-C= 73.9%. Overall, prevalence of dyslipidemia was 82.6%. Significant increase in TG and VLDL-C and significant decrease in HDL-C was observed. TC and LDL-C were non- significantly increased.TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C were in increasing trend with progression of CKD stages (3-5) and increased in Subgroup II (ESRD) as compared to Subgroup I (Non-ESRD), the increase being significant in case of TG and VLDL-C. HDL-C value was in decreasing trend with progression of CKD stages and significantly decreased in Subgroup II as compared to Subgroup I.TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C showed negative correlation with GFR while HDL-C showed positive correlation. TG, HDL-C and VLDL-C showed highly significant correlation. HDL-C showed strongest correlation, followed by TG. Conclusion: Patients with CKD are predisposed to accelerated atherosclerosis leading to increased CVD. This study confirms the presence of atherogenic lipid profile in CKD.

CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REDUCTION AND CORRECTION OF HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN PATIENTS AT PRIMARY PREVENTION THROUGH PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Coronary heart disease is responsible for a high degree of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. Many countries have therefore adopted preventive measures to reduce the prevalence of major risk factors for coronary artery disease (CD): high serum cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, and smoking. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical training and diet on lipid and lipoprotein parameters in patients with hyperlipidemia without developed coronary heart disease. The study included 45 patients, average age 56.1 ± 12.7 years. All patients had total cholesterol greater than 5.2 mmol/1, elevated blood pressure, and 16.42 % of respondents had used tobacco. Risk factors for the CD were evaluated through clinical history, anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters with the use of biochemical analysis. Lipid parameters included the determination of total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL, LDL and VLDL cholesterol as well as lipid relations. All tested parameters were determined at the beginning and after the six months of testing. All patients were on a program of physical activity as recommended by ACC /AHA and on a diet according to NCEP ATP III recommendations for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. After six months of testing, there was a change in the risk factors of lipid origin: triglycerides were reduced by 22.3 %, HDL-C was increased for 11.94 %, VLDL was reduced for 21.9 % and non HDL-C for 8.09 %. By applying physical activity the target value of HDL-C > 1 mmol/1 was achieved in all patients. A high percentage of respondents achieved the target values for Tg < 2.3 mmol/1 (92.79 %) and for the atherogenic relation LDL-C/HDL-C < 5 (84.59 %). BMI was reduced for 8.06 % (p < 0.05) a systolic blood pressure for 12.8 % (p < 0.03). In patients with hyperlipidemia without coronary heart disease and other risk factors for coronary heart disease, the achieved changes of lipoprotein levels are an indicator for the further implementation of non-pharmacological measures with the goal to reduce the risk for coronary events. Determination of lipoprotein profiles and atherogenic markers is very significant in the initial screening of dyslipidemia, monitoring the effects of physical activity and evaluating the risk for coronary heart disease.

Effect of antituberculosis treatment on dynamics of carbohydrate and lipid profile

Objective — study the effect of antituberculosis treatment on the dynamics of carbohydrate and lipid profile in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosisMaterials and methods. We examined 76 patients with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis and 64 patients with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. The treatment was carried out according to the current order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. Material for the study (venous blood) was collected before treatment and one month later in the morning on an empty stomach. Additionally, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed, the fasting insulin level was determined, the lipid profile was measured, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index of plasma were calculated. For statistical processing used the software package Statistica for Windows version 13.2.Results and discussion. In the process of treatment with І-line antituberculosis drugs, the level of glucose in 2 hour GTT increased from 4.34 mmol/L to 5. 29 mmol/L. In patients who received ІI-line antituberculosis drugs, the glucose level decreased from 5.77 mmol/L to 4.33 mmol/L, and the fasting insulin level also decreased from 16.30 to 14.47 µcU/mL; the median level of insulin resistance decreased from 3.31 to 2.22 (p = 0.0057). In the process of treatment we found a significant decrease in VLDL levels (р = 0.0028) in drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients. Due to treatment, mean value of HDL-c in in drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients increased slightly from 1.01 mmol/L till 1.12 mmol/L, while in drug-resistant tuberculosis patients it decreased significantly (р=0.0171) from 1.07 mmol/L till 0.94 mmol/L.Conclusions. We found the negative effect of І-line antituberculosis drugs on the carbohydrate metabolism of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, which manifested as impared glucose tolerance, which makes it possible to recommend OGTT for objectivizing the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on carbohydrate metabolism. While in patients who were treated with IІ-line antituberculosis drugs, we found a significant decrease in 2-hour glucose level and fasting insulin level, which indicates the modeling effect of these drugs on carbohydrate metabolism. Our findings suggest that drug-susceptible tuberculosis treatment had a positive effect on the lipid metabolism, which was manifested by the growth of the anti-atherogenic pool of lipoproteins and the decrease in very low-density lipoprotein level. At the same time, we found a negative effect of drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment on lipid metabolism, which manifested as increase of atherogenic index of plasma due to increase of total cholesterol level in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis.

Comparison of Blood Lipid and Lipoprotein Amount of Wrestlers and Skiers

In this study it is aimed to compare form blood parameters lipid and lipoprotein values of wrestlers and skiers who have different training levels. In addition, was to examine the risks of cardiovascular diseases for wrestler and skiers. In order to achieve this purpose, 33 male of elite wrestling and ski athletes measured in the study. In this study, Triglyceride (TG), were determined Total Cholesterol (TC), HDL-C and LDL-C levels (With Hitachi 717 autoanalyser). To determine the differences between groups “independent t” tests were performed.In this study, there were significant differences in plasma LDL-C, HDL-C, and TC values between wrestlers and skiers (p&lt;.05 and p&lt;0,001). There were no significant differences in plasma TG values between wrestlers and skiers (p&gt;.05). In this study, HLC values of skiers were found to be significantly higher than wrestlers (p&lt;0.001). In this study the cardiovascular risk ratios (TC/HDL-C) were found to be 3.39 mg/100cc for wrestlers and 2.80 mg/100cc for skiers. Ratios LDL-C/HDL-C were found 1.76 mg/100cc for wrestlers and 1.45 mg/100cc for skiers.Conclusion: Although the wrestlers’ training levels were always found to be difference than the skiers, TG values were not found to be different. But the HDL-C, LDL-C, and TC levels of skiers were found better than wrestlers. This results shows that medium and high level of different exercises did cause little differences in blood plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels. Plasma Lipid and lipoprotein values of the wrestler and skiers was accept good. Wrestling and ski athletes would not be exposed to risk of cardiovascular diseases. Blood parameter values should be examined separately on Cross-country skiers and alpine skiers.

Dysregulated monocyte compartment in human obesity

Abstract Background Monocytes can be divided in classical monocytes (CM), intermediate monocytes (IM) and non-classical monocytes (NCM). CD56+ monocytes are part of the classical monocytes. Aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of the different monocyte subpopulations in human obesity. Methods 110 age-matched subjects were included in the study and classified according to the definition of the World Health Organization into lean (n=27), overweight (n=23) and obese (n=60). Monocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry (antibody staining of CD14, CD16, CD56). Results Obese subject showed a higher BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference, deterioration of metabolic parameters, and the absolute amount of leukocytes and monocytes were increased. The calculated absolute numbers of CM, IM and CD56+ monocytes were significantly increased in obese subjects compared to lean and overweight. In contrast, the absolute numbers of NCM were equal between lean, overweight and obese subjects. Strong associations between the absolute numbers of CM, IM and CD56+ monocytes with the BMI, fat mass, and waist circumference were detectable in the whole cohort. Triglyceride, HDL-c values and HbA1c were also strongly correlated with numbers of CM, IM and CD56+ monocytes. Obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance had increased numbers of CD56+ monocytes in comparison to obese subsects with normal glucose tolerance. Stratification of obese subjects in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus showed no difference in absolute numbers of CM but significant increased numbers of IM and NCM. Conclusion The amount of CM, IM and CD56+ monocytes are expanded in the blood of obesity subjects and contribute to monocytosis in obesity.

Accessing the Hypoglycemic Effects of Seed Extract from Celery (Apium graveolens) in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

Aims: The present study is aimed to evaluate the potential mechanism of antidiabetic action of seed extract celery (Apium graveolens) and its effects on some hematological and biochemical parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.&#x0D; Study Design: Laboratory-experimental design was used in this study.&#x0D; Methodology: This study was conducted on fifty experimental animals. Adult albino rats (Sprague-Dawely strain) weighing about 220 g each were used throughout the study. Fifty rats were randomly assigned to five experimental groups of 10 rats each: Group 1 - received normal saline (0.5 ml/kg), and serves as control. Group II - gavaged daily for thirty days with 1ml of the extract at doses of 425 mg/kg body wt and served as control. Group III - Untreated diabetic rats that received two doses of alloxan 150 mg/kg. Group IV - Treated diabetic rats for thirty consecutive days with 1 ml of the extract at a dose of 425 mg/kg body wt. Group V: Treated diabetic rats for thirty consecutive days with 14.2 mg/kg of metformin. Several hematological and biochemical parameters were assessed.&#x0D; Results: It was found that the administration of ethanol extract of A. graveolens produced significant reduction in blood glucose level in diabetic rats after thirty days of treatment. However, there was a significant (P=.05) increase of insulin secretion. Also, the RBC and WBC count, PCV and neutrophil percentage decreased significantly (P=.05). This study indicated that the ethanol extract increased the RBC and WBC counts, PCV, ESR, and neutrophil percentage in diabetic rats. However, the WBC count of the extract - treated diabetic group was still lower than those of control values. Administration of the extract resulted in a significant reduction in the mean values of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, ESR, urea, uric acid, creatinine accompanied by an increase in the mean values of total protein, albumin, insulin, HDL-C, neutrophile count and PCV in diabetic rats. No significant changes in these parameters were found in the control group. Effects produced by this extract were closely similar to a standard antidiabetic drug, metformin. (p&lt;0.05) hypoglycemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, protection against body weight loss of diabetic animals and might alleviate diabetes-induced disturbances of some biochemical and hematological parameters.&#x0D; Conclusion: our study was dedicated to monitoring changes in the lipid profile.