HCl System Research Articles

Expert panel opinion on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators for training people with type 1 diabetes on the MiniMed™ 780G system: a Delphi consensus.

The MiniMed™ 780G system is an advanced insulin pump system incorporating an AHCL (Advanced Hybrid Close Loop) algorithm that automatically adjusts insulin delivery based on glucose levels. All guidelines recommend the use of Automated Insulin Delivery therapy for people with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D) and they highlight that a specifically trained and expert team should provide training on HCL systems for PWT1D, but none of the publications detail the curriculum profile that diabetes educators should have. This paper aims to establish a consensus on the optimal educational pathway for diabetes educators on the MiniMed™ 780G system. An Expert Panel (EP) of 11 key opinion educators in diabetes technology in the EMEA area was assembled. Using the Delphi method, a consensus questionnaire based on the literature research was created, discussed and validated by the EP members. An agreement level of ≥ 75% was considered a strong consensus. EP members had on average 16.3 years of clinical experience and followed at least 50 PWT1D using the MiniMed™ 780G system. All EP members agreed that a structured educational pathway to train diabetes educators in the use of the MiniMed™ 780G system is needed. 100% of the EP members agreed that the pathway should include a mentorship programme and in-field training; 90% agreed on using face-to-face training with the support of e-learning modules. The EP members believed that minimum competency standards for diabetes educators around the principles of diabetes care and education are needed. The educational pathway created by the EP showed that skills are needed at an advanced level and that mentorship in developing these skills is critical. This pathway is vital for supporting the implementation of diabetes technology into everyday life and can remove barriers and increase access to PWT1D.

Evaluation of Adsorption Ability of Lewatit® VP OC 1065 and Diaion™ CR20 Ion Exchangers for Heavy Metals with Particular Consideration of Palladium(II) and Copper(II).

The adsorption capacities of ion exchangers with the primary amine (Lewatit® VP OC 1065) and polyamine (Diaion™ CR20) functional groups relative to Pd(II) and Cu(II) ions were tested in a batch system, taking into account the influence of the acid concentration (HCl: 0.1-6 mol/L; HCl-HNO3: 0.9-0.1 mol/L HCl-0.1-0.9 mol/L HNO3), phase contact time (1-240 min), initial concentration (10-1000 mg/L), agitation speed (120-180 rpm), bead size (0.385-1.2 mm), and temperature (293-333 K), as well as in a column system where the variable operating parameters were HCl and HNO3 concentrations. There were used the pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models to describe the kinetic studies and the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models to describe the equilibrium data to obtain better knowledge about the adsorption mechanism. The physicochemical properties of the ion exchangers were characterized by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption analyses, CHNS analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the sieve analysis, and points of zero charge measurements. As it was found, Lewatit® VP OC 1065 exhibited a better ability to remove Pd(II) than Diaion™ CR20, and the adsorption ability series for heavy metals was as follows: Pd(II) >> Zn(II) ≈ Ni(II) >> Cu(II). The optimal experimental conditions for Pd(II) sorption were 0.1 mol/L HCl, agitation speed 180 rpm, temperature 293 K, and bead size fraction 0.43 mm ≤ f3 < 0.6 mm for Diaion™ CR20 and 0.315-1.25 mm for Lewatit® VP OC 1065. The maximum adsorption capacities were 289.68 mg/g for Lewatit® VP OC 1065 and 208.20 mg/g for Diaion™ CR20. The greatest adsorption ability of Lewatit® VP OC 1065 for Pd(II) was also demonstrated in the column studies. The working ion exchange in the 0.1 mol/L HCl system was 0.1050 g/mL, much higher compared to Diaion™ CR20 (0.0545 g/mL). The best desorption yields of %D1 = 23.77% for Diaion™ CR20 and 33.57% for Lewatit® VP OC 1065 were obtained using the 2 mol/L NH3·H2O solution.

Development and characterization of transdermal drug delivery system of ramosetron HCL using different polymers and their effect on In-vitro release

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) offer a controlled and consistent release of medications, bypassing first-pass metabolism and minimizing side effects associated with traditional oral and intravenous therapies. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of Ramosetron HCl transdermal patches designed for sustained release to manage nausea and vomiting. Ramosetron HCl, a selective 5-HT₃ serotonin receptor antagonist, was incorporated into various formulations using different grades of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP K30), and Polysorbate 80. The patches were prepared by solvent casting and evaluated for various parameters including thickness, weight variation, drug content, folding endurance, tensile strength, and in-vitro drug release. The calibration curve for Ramosetron HCl in 7.4 pH phosphate buffer was established with a λmax of 240 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed to ensure compatibility between the drug and excipients. Formulation F5 demonstrated optimal properties, including satisfactory drug release profiles and mechanical strength. Stability studies of F5 showed that the formulation maintained its release characteristics under accelerated storage conditions (40°C / 75% RH) for up to three months. This study confirms the potential of Ramosetron HCl transdermal patches as an effective alternative to oral dosage forms, providing sustained drug delivery and enhanced patient compliance.

Study on adsorption of scandium by iminodiacetic acid resin TP207

Abstract Scandium (Sc) is a rare transition metal applied in unique electronic/alloy materials such as magnesium scandium alloy, aluminum scandium alloy, laser glass, superconductors, and electronic components. However, scandium is extremely hard to obtain. In this paper, the iminodiacetic acid resin TP207 was first applied for the recovery of scandium from a hydrochloric acid solution. The adsorption of Sc3+ by TP207 resin was analyzed by SEM-EDS, FT-IR, and XPS. It was found that the best adsorption time was 2 hours with the equilibrium adsorption rate reaching 99%. The saturated adsorption amount of resin was 0.05g/ml. This process involves the ion exchange of scandium ions with sodium ions on the resin and the chemisorption of scandium with the -COO- group. Furthermore, the TP207 resin exhibited a quasi-second-order kinetic mechanism towards Sc3+, which was the rate of adsorption is proportional to the concentration of the reactants. In addition, the adsorption of resin for Sc3+ is an endothermic reaction by calculating the thermodynamic parameters, and there is a 3.6% difference in adsorption efficiency between the two cycle experiments. In a word, the TP207 resin is a very promising adsorbent for Sc beneficiation from the HCl system.

Improving equity in diabetes technology use: Voices of youth and their parents.

There are marked inequities in clinical outcomes and rates of diabetes technology use among youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The quantitative data from our mixed methods cohort study identified significant improvements in glycaemia and quality of life in participants. We aimed to use qualitative methods to provide further insight into our quantitative findings in the setting of underlying health disparities. Fifteen publicly insured, insulin pump-naïve non-Hispanic Black youth aged 6-21 years with T1D and baseline haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ≥86 mmol/mol (10%) and their parents participated in a mixed methods cohort study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with parents and youth after completion of 6 months of HCL use. Three topic areas were explored: (1) Experience using HCL, (2) barriers to HCL and (3) facilitators to accessing HCL. Semantic content analysis and consensus coding involving two team members were used to generate themes. Thematic saturation was achieved. Youth (Medianage 14.9 years, 67% female) and parents (92% female) were interviewed. Youth and their parents reported that access to HCL provides a new outlook on living with T1D, although managing T1D is still hard. They felt that diabetes technology is most helpful for those struggling with management. Participants experienced barriers to access including misconceptions of HCL systems, clinician bias and systemic racism. They suggested these barriers can be overcome by offering diabetes technology education for all people with T1D, increasing awareness of HCL in the community and providing resources to overcome barriers created by social determinants of health. The voices of historically minoritised youth with suboptimal T1D control and their parents provide important, previously unreported experiences and perspectives on barriers and facilitators to using HCL that will shape interventions to improve equity in access to diabetes technology.

Efficient extraction of platinum(IV) using tertiary-amine groups functionalized thiacalix[4]arene as extractant

In the present study, the extraction performance and complexation mechanism of p-di-ethyl-amino-methyl-thiacalix[4]arene (L) toward Pt(IV) in a hydrochloric acid system were investigated. The effects of various parameters including solution pH, L to Pt(IV) mole ratio, Cl− concentration, acidity and reaction time on the complexation process of L with Pt(IV) were systematically investigated. The experimental results indicated that L has excellent complexation ability toward Pt(IV) that about 90 % of Pt(IV) could be extracted within 2 min under the optimal conditions. Moreover, L could selectively extract Pt(IV) from the HCl system containing multiple competing ions such as Ce(III), Zr(IV), La(III), Fe(III), Ni(II), Mg(II), and Al(III). The complexation mechanism between L and Pt(IV) was further clarified by slope analysis, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) titrations. Theoretical analysis of thermodynamics, complexation structure and intermolecular interactions between L and Pt(IV) during the solvent extraction process were performed through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results showed that the protonation of L occurs first to form the complex of L·2HCl, which further reacts with PtCl62− forming the complex of L·2H+·PtCl62− through anion-exchange, achieving the efficient and selective extraction of platinum.

Selective recovery of phosphorus from the leachate of incinerated sewage sludge ash using the Zr-modified acid-leaching residue as adsorbent for two-fold resource utilization

Phosphorus, as an essential nutrient for plant growth, is crucial for the development of agriculture. In this study, a novel strategy using a zirconium-modified acid-leaching residue adsorbent (Zr-AR adsorbent) was proposed for the efficient and selective recovery of phosphorus from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA). 0.2 mol/L HCl were optimized for the phosphorus extraction from ISSA. The acid-leaching residue with large pore structure and high specific surface area was first reused as a support to prepare Zr-AR adsorbent for a twofold resource utilization of ISSA. Without removing impurities from the leachate, the Zr-AR adsorbent could selectively adsorb phosphorus with a maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity of 53.1 ± 0.8 mg/g in the HCl system. During 5 phosphorus adsorption–desorption processes, the adsorption and desorption ratios of phosphorus remained stable at over 90 %, indicating the high stability of the Zr-AR adsorbent for selective phosphorus recovery. Without adjusting the pH, hydroxyapatite was produced from the phosphorus-rich solution with a phosphorus content of 33.4 ± 1.3 % P2O5, which could significantly promote the growth of ryegrass as a phosphorus fertilizer. The cost of the phosphorus recovery from ISSA was also preliminarily evaluated ($3.76 kg-P product), demonstrating the application potential of this strategy.

Aiming for the Best Glycemic Control Beyond Time in Range: Time in Tight Range as a New Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metric in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes Using Different Treatment Modalities.

Introduction: To evaluate time in tight range (TITR) 70-140 mg/dL (3.9-7.8 mmol/L), its correlation with standard continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and the clinical variables that possibly have a substantial impact on its value, in a large cohort of pediatric subjects using different treatment strategies. Materials and Methods: A total of 854 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes were consecutively recruited in this real world, dual center, cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized into four treatment groups (multiple daily injections [MDI] + real-time CGM, MDI + intermittently scanned CGM, sensor augmented pump, and hybrid closed loop [HCL]). Demographical and clinical data, including CGM data, were collected and analyzed. Results: The overall study population exhibited an average TITR of 36.4% ± 12.8%. HCL users showed higher TITR levels compared to the other treatment groups (P < 0.001). A time in range (TIR) cut-off value of 71.9% identified subjects achieving a TITR ≥50% (area under curve [AUC] 0.98; 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99, P < 0.001), and a strong positive correlation between these two metrics was observed (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). An increase in TIR of 1% was associated with 1.84 (R2 Nagelkerke = 0.35, P < 0.001) increased likelihood of achieving TITR ≥50%. Use of HCL systems (B = 7.78; P < 0.001), disease duration (B = -0.26, P = 0.006), coefficient of variation (B = -0.30, P = 0.004), and glycated hemoglobin (B = -8.82; P < 0.001) emerged as significant predictors of TITR levels. Conclusions: Our study highlights that most children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes present TITR levels below 50%, except those using HCL. Tailored interventions and strategies should be implemented to increase TITR.

The Hybrid Closed-Loop System Tandem t:slim X2™ with Control-IQ Technology: Expert Recommendations for Better Management and Optimization.

Technological advances in the management of diabetes, especially type 1 diabetes (T1D), have played a main role in significantly improving glycemic control of these patients in recent years. Undoubtedly, the most important advance has been the commercialization of hybrid closed-loop systems (HCL). Their effectiveness places them in the different guidelines from scientific societies as the gold standard for the treatment of people with T1D. However, obtaining the maximum performance from these systems requires a degree of expertise from the professionals who care for these patients. Specifically, the Tandem X2:slim with Control-IQ technology system, due to its features and configuration options and adjustments, allows T1D patients to better adapt the management of diabetes to multiple circumstances in their day-to-day life. It is necessary, however, to follow a systematic process to start the system and also for the subsequent follow-up, which allows its optimization in the shortest possible time. This expert recommendation reviews the main features of this HCL system, suggesting how to implement it and optimize its use after gaining experience treating many patients.

A new strategy for facile and rapid separation of astatine-211 from nitric acid medium

Developing fast and efficient separation avenues can promote either fundamental study or practical application of astatine-211(211At). This work presents a new solid-phase extraction (SPE) separation strategy based on functional resin for recovering 211At from the irradiated bismuth (Bi) target mildly and rapidly, without switching HNO3 medium into HCl system. Four functional resins containing acyl-resin, thioether, sulfonate- and sulfonate-groups had been prepared via Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions successfully, and subsequently characterized by FTIR, EA, SEM etc. Acyl-resin from these functional materials have shown good retention towards 211At but low binding affinity to all possible metal impurities (Zn2+, Cu2+, Ga3+and Bi3+) in simulated separation experiments. Static batch sorption experiments indicate that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is more suitable for describing the binding behavior of 211At on Acyl-resin. This reveals that chemisorption dominates the reaction between the target radionuclide and functional material. During several practical separations in medically-used scale, over 98.5 % of 211At can be well retained on SPE column with metal impurities removed in the process of loading target solution and removing non-target radionuclides. More importantly, 60.03 %∼79.05 % of 211At on the Acyl-resin SPE column is recoverable by NH2OH-NH3·H2O-CH3OH elution process, and over 60 % of the radioactivity distributes in volatile organic solvent (CH3OH). The whole SPE separation process can be completed within 20 min, giving 211At product with high radionuclidic purity (≥ 99 %), low metal impurities (Bi3+≤ 17.37 μg and Cu2+≤ 2.91 μg) and high radiolabeling availability. This work implies that acyl-groups can act as potential binding motifs not only for developing new 211At separation methods but also designing bifunctional conjugate agents for astatinated compounds based on coordination bonds.

QbD: A novel approach for formulation and optimization of colon targeted drug delivery system containing mebeverine HCl

The aim of the work is to study the programmed release of model antispasmodic drug Mebeverine HCl based on pulsatile principle to target colon proximity. Compression coated tablets included core tablet consisting of Croscarmellose as super disintegrant and pulsatile layer comprising impermeable Ethocel cup and mixture of Keltone, Eudragit S100, Ethocel as swellable and rupturable layer. The prepared core tablet was evaluated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, drug content, disintegration time and in vitro dissolution studies. For optimization Box-Behnken design was employed to study the effect of independent variables viz., weight ratio of Keltone (X1), Eudragit S100 (X2), Ethocel (X3) on dependent variables viz., t10 (Y1), t50 (Y2) and Q12 (Y3). Results revealed positive influence of independent factors on responses. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and were found to be statistically significant (P &lt; 0.05). Mathematical modeling for kinetic studies revealed that the release profile after lag time followed first order kinetics. The results concluding that a successful pulsatile drug delivery system of Mebeverine HCl was developed.

Study of gold leaching from pre-treated waste printed circuit boards by thiosulfate‑cobalt-glycine system and separation by solvent extraction

The recovery of gold (Au) from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) derived from discarded mobile phones is crucial for the resource preservation and environmental protection. In this context, thiosulfate has emerged as a viable alternative to the toxic compound cyanide for Au leaching. However, the conventional thiosulfate leaching system has a main problem that is large thiosulfate consumption, which limits its commercial application. In this study, we developed a novel thiosulfate leaching system that utilizes a cobalt (Co(II))-glycine (gly) complex as the catalyst. Our findings demonstrate that the Co(II)-glycine-thiosulfate system exhibits excellent Au leaching performance coupled with low thiosulfate consumption. The effects of several parameters on Au leaching efficiencies and thiosulfate consumption were investigated. Increasing the concentrations of Co(II), thiosulfate, or glycine was beneficial to the Au leaching. However, increasing temperature promoted the oxidative decomposition of thiosulfate and reduced cobalt stability, negatively impacting Au leaching. Additionally, small amounts of base metals remained after pretreatment of WPCBs using HCl system and H2SO4-H2O2 system. Therefore, the roasting-assisted leaching process eliminated the adverse effects of these impurity metals and further improved Au leaching efficiency to 97.8% while also decreased thiosulfate consumption. The recovery of Au from the pregnant leach solution was also studied, and our findings demonstrated that N1923 can efficiently extract Au from the solution through anion exchange. Our study developed a novel and efficient Au thiosulfate leaching system catalyzed by the Co(gly)3/Co(S2O3)34− redox couple, and put forward a promising approach to enhance Au recyclability from WPCBs while significantly reducing thiosulfate consumption.

Surface and interfacial properties of poly(methyldiallylammonium chloride): Effect of hydrophobic pendant and synergism (KI) on corrosion of C1018CS in 15% HCl

BackgroundIn the current investigation, a dicationic surfactant made of poly(methyldiallylammonium chloride) (PMDAAC) was tested for its ability to suppress corrosion of C1018 carbon steel (C1018 CS) in a 15% HCl (acidizing) solution. MethodsWeight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), linear polarization resistance (LPR), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM), and density functional theory (DFT). Significant findingsWeight loss tests show that PMDAAC has no significant inhibitory potential for the C1018CS/15% HCl system, as seen by its inhibition efficiency (IE) of 76.57% at 50 ppm concentration. However, adding 5 mM KI significantly increases the% IE of PMDAAC from 76.57% to 95.26% at the same concentration. A similar trend in the boost of% IE of PMDAAC from 85.33% to 99.28% and 83.28% to 98.42% was observed through PDP and EIS studies, respectively. PDP study showed that the current density (icorr) values kept decreasing with increasing PMDAAC concentration. PMDAAC behaves as a mixed- and interface-type inhibitor, being able to retard the progress of both anodic and cathodic reactions. EIS analysis showed that the values of charge transfer resistance (Rct) kept increasing with increasing inhibitor concentration. The adsorption isotherm study suggests that PMDAAC becomes effective by adsorbing on the C1018 CS surface, and its adsorption follows the Langmuir isotherm. A high value of 6.37 × 105 L mol-1 corresponds to the equilibrium constant for the adsorption process (Kads), indicating very strong adsorption of PMDAAC onto C1018 CS. PMDAAC was found to chemisorb onto the metal surface, as confirmed by the Gibbs free energy of adsorption (ΔGads∘) found to be – 43.76 kJ mol−1. The adsorption of PMDAAC on the C1018CS surface was confirmed by SEM and EDX studies. The improvement in surface morphology and alteration in elemental alignment in the presence of PMDAAC demonstrate the adsorption mode of corrosion mitigation. Lastly, the interaction of PMDAAC and its constituting components were described using the DFT method.

Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin via oxidizing cleavage of Cα-Cβ bonds in micellar aqueous media

Photocatalytic depolymerization of lignin to prepare high-value chemicals is a promising way to promote the valuable utilization of lignin. However, the complexity and stubbornness of lignin structure seriously decrease the photocatalytic efficiency and selectivity. Herein, the micellar aqueous media (SDS-8/HCl) consisting of sodium lauryl sulfonate and hydrochloric acid was successfully prepared. Photocatalyst TiO2 and SDS-8/HCl system can effectively depolymerize the typical β-1 lignin models and ethanol organosolv lignin to value-added chemicals by oxidizing cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. The addition of hydrochloric acid solution (1 mol/L) improves the selectivity of photocatalytic breaking of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. Chlorine ions are oxidized to chlorine radicals by photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals, dramatically increasing the photocatalytic efficiency. Electron paramagnetic resonance technique and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry were used to demonstrate the presence of chlorine radicals. Under optimal conditions, the conversion of substrate Dpol is 98.4 %, and the obtained products are mainly benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. Isotope labeling experiments show that water is also involved in photocatalytic reactions and the oxygen needed to form the product benzaldehyde comes from water. Single-electron transfer processes are possible photocatalytic mechanisms that differ from the previous reports. Importantly, water and chlorine ions were found to be involved in photocatalytic reactions for the first time and promote the cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds. This work provides new ideas for photocatalytic cleavage of lignin Cα-Cβ bonds in heterogeneous photocatalytic systems using micellar aqueous media.

Ultrasound effects on restricted silica gelation during silica extraction from Pyro-Metallurgical copper slag under acidifying conditions

Pyro-metallurgical copper slag (CS) waste was used as the source material for ultrasound (US) silica extraction under acidification processes with 26 kHz with HCl, HNO3, and H2SO4 at different concentrations at 100, 300, and 600 W. During acidifying extraction processes, US irradiation inhibited silica gel formation under acidic conditions, especially at lower acid concentrations of less than 6 M, whereas a lack of US irradiation led to enhanced gelation. When US stopped, gelation occurred to a considerable degree, suggesting that the gel particle size distribution was aggregated in the 3–400 µm size range. However, with US, the size was mainly in the 1–10 µm range. Results of elemental analysis indicated that US treatment decreased the co-precipitation of other metal ions such as Fe, Cu, and Al sourced from CS for lower acidic medium, whereas the higher concentration medium accelerated silica gelation and the co-precipitation of other metals. With acids of HCl and HNO3, and H2SO4, the gelations were less likely to occur at 6 M and 3 M during US irradiation, but acidic extraction without US was efficient for silica gelation and co-precipitation of other metals in the purified silica. The silica extraction yield with H2SO4 concentration of 3 M was 80% with 0.04% of Fe, whereas the silica product from HCl 6 M had a 90% extraction yield with only 0.08% of Fe impurity. In contrast, even though the non-US system of HCl 6 M had a higher yield at 96%, the final product had 0.5% Fe impurity, which was much higher than the US system. Consequently, the US extraction process was quite noticeable for silica recovery from CS waste.

Triarylamines as Catholytes in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries.

A series of triarylamines was synthesised and screened for their suitability as catholytes in redox flow batteries using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Tris(4-aminophenyl)amine was found to be the strongest candidate. Solubility and initial electrochemical performance were promising; however, polymerisation was observed during electrochemical cycling leading to rapid capacity fade prescribed to a loss of accessible active material and the limitation of ion transport processes within the cell. A mixed electrolyte system of H3 PO4 and HCl was found to inhibit polymerisation producing oligomers that consumed less active material reducing rates of degradation in the redox flow battery. Under these conditions Coulombic efficiency improved by over 4 %, the maximum number of cycles more than quadrupled and an additional theoretical capacity of 20 % was accessed. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first example of triarylamines as catholytes in all-aqueous redox flow batteries and emphasises the impact supporting electrolytes can have on electrochemical performance.

Development of a Method for Chemical Polishing of 08Kh18N10 (AISI 304) Stainless Steel with a Nanostructured Medium

Chemical polishing of metals with nanostructured media, such as water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsions, is of interest for improving the procedure of polishing metals with concentrated acids because the etchant (acid) concentration in the microemulsions can be much lower. It was shown that w/o microemulsions in the sodium dodecyl sulfate–1-butanol–kerosene–aqueous HCl system can be used for chemical polishing of 08Kh18N10 (AISI 304) stainless steel. Regions of existence of microemulsion in this system were determined, and conditions of chemical polishing of stainless steel with a sodium dodecyl sulfate microemulsion were chosen. Conditions of cleaning of the surface of a stainless-steel sample after chemical polishing were selected so that to ensure the most complete removal of microemulsion components from the steel surface without changing the surface microrelief.

A minimal model of potential energy surface for H2OHCl

AbstractIn this paper, we present a model of potential energy surface for the H2OHCl system, consisting in the exact transformation of quantum chemical input data related to a minimal number of significant configurations. Both molecules are assumed as rigid. The interaction potential is given by an expansion in real spherical harmonics depending on the distance between the two centers of mass of the molecules and on four angles that define their mutual orientation. The main target of this work is the construction of a model of potential energy surface that requires a limited number of single energy points, which is suitable for applications to classical and quantum molecular dynamics simulations, permitting interpolation and further implementation of different sets of input data.

Nickel‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Branched/Linear Regioselective C−H Alkylation of 4‐Oxoquinazolines

AbstractA Ni−NHC‐catalyzed prototype reaction based on the alkylation of C−H activated 4‐oxoquinazolines with aryl and alkyl alkenes was demonstrated. When aryl alkenes are used as the substrates, the regioselection of the reaction can be fine‐tuned by choosing a NHC ligand with appropriate steric hindrance to harvest branched adducts, while the use of a bulky NHC/alkyl aluminum cocatalyst system helps to steer the reaction towards linear products. For alkyl alkene substrates, Ni(cod)2, IMes ⋅ HCl and NaOtBu system can directionally generate linear products, and long‐chain olefins are also applicable. In addition, the catalytic mechanism was also explored through the deuteration experiments, and the migration of nickel was suggested in the catalytic cycle.magnified image

2&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;,2′&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-2,2′-(1,2,4-Thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis[3-arylacrylonitriles]: Synthesis and Antidote Activity with Respect to 2,4-D Herbicide

Oxidation of ( Е )-3-aryl-2-cyanothioacrylamides under the action of the Et2S(O)-HCl system leads to the formation of (2 Е ,2' E )-2,2'-(1,2,4-thiadiazole-3,5-diyl)bis[3-arylacrylonitriles] in 54-91% yields. Structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by the two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy data. A plausible reaction mechanism was discussed. Two compounds showed a pronounced antidote effect against 2,4-D herbicide in a laboratory experiment on sunflower seedlings in the absence of growth-stimulating activity.