HCl Acid Solution Research Articles

Alkaloid extract of seed Citrullus colocynthis as novel green inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in one molar HCl acid solution: DFT and MC/MD approaches

The study was designed to explore the corrosion prevention capabilities of Citrullus colocynthis seeds alkaloid-rich extract (CSEA) on MS in a 1 M HCl environment by use of electrochemical and theoretical methods. Notably, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization were used to probe the impact of immersion time and temperature. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and spanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to confirm the presence of a protective layer on the substrate surface. Density functional theory (DFT) method was used to optimize the investigated species by use of B3LYP/6–31 + G(d, p) level of theory. The global and local quantum chemical reactivity descriptors were calculated to explore the inhibition corrosion efficiency and to identify the most favorable sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attacks. Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) methods were used to study the interactions between corrosion inhibitor and metal surface. Noteworthy, results showed that CSEA exhibited an impressive inhibition efficiency, which reached 94.3% with a concentration of 2 g/L at 298 K. Potentiodynamic polarization revealed that the extract acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. Nyquist graphs showed that charge-transfer resistance and dæouble-layer capacitance both rised with increasing CSEA concentration, suggesting better inhibition efficiency. Notably, the Langmuir adsorption isotherm is well-aligned with the adsorption of inhibitor compounds. Importantly, all aforementioned theoretical methods were in agreement with the experimental findings. The outcome of the present work supported using Citrullus colocynthis seeds alkaloid-rich extract as ecofriendly agents to prevent corrosion.

The durability of slag and tannery sludge based geopolymer corroded by acid and base solutions

The current treatment (landfill, composting, and incineration) of chromium-containing sludge can contaminate soil, surface water and groundwater. In this study, tannery sludge and granulated blast furnace slag was chosen to make a geopolymer and its ability to resist acid and alkali was investigated by immersing them in different solutions for 28 d. The experimental results showed that when pH value increased from 1.0 to 13.0, the compressive strength linearly increased from 36.7 MPa to 68.4 MPa while the porosity decreased from 4.37 % to 3.4 %. The results of NMR, SEM and FIR showed that the H+ in HCl acid solution depolymerized the three-dimensional network structure of the geopolymer and acicular product (CaCl2) was generated, which leaded to the increase in small pores and large pores. However, when immersed in alkaline solution the secondary polymerization occurred and more C-S-H appeared, making the geopolymer denser. In addition, the environmental benefits of the geopolymer were investigated and the results showed that the leaching concentration ranges of total chromium and Cr(VI) were 1.21–0.97 mg/L and 0.04–0.06 mg/L, both of which were far below the requirement of standards. The CO2 emission was 8.06 kg/(m3 Mpa), which was roughly half of the ordinary Portland cement (18 kg/(m³ MPa)). Therefore, the geopolymer could be a way to treat tannery sludge and the geopolymer made of tannery sludge and slag had the potential to be environmentally friendly building materials.

Chemical, electrochemical, and quantum investigation into the use of an organophosphorus derivative to inhibit copper corrosion in acidic environments

In order to protect the copper against corrosion, a novel corrosion inhibitor known as diphenyl ((2-aminoethyl) amino) (4-methoxyphenyl) methyl) phosphonate (DAMP) was developed. Acid solutions of HCl and H2SO4 were the aggressive solutions employed in this study. Analysis using the FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 31P-NMR, 13C-NMR and BET confirmed that the DAMP was successfully synthesized. The anti-corrosion capabilities of DAMP are evaluated using a combination of chemical, electrochemical and quantum studies. The DAMP has been found to be crucial in preventing the corrosion of copper in both HCl and H2SO4 acid. This was obviously implied by the observation that the corrosion rate of copper in acid solutions decreased when DAMP was added. It is significant to note that 180 ppm produced the highest levels of inhibiting efficiency (96.6% for HCl and 95.2% for H2SO4). The tendency of DAMP to adsorb on the surface of copper through its hetero-atoms (O, N, and P) is the main factor for the anti-corrosion capabilities of DAMP. Results from SEM/EDX tests supported this. The actual adsorption takes place via various active centers, physical and chemical mechanisms that are coordinated with the estimated quantum parameters. Additionally, the adsorption of DAMP adheres to the Langmuir isotherm.

Silane Gas Production Through Hydrolysis of Magnesium Silicide by Hydrochloric Acid

Monosilane (SiH4) is a common precursor for the production of high-purity silicon for solar PV applications. As an alternative to carbothermic reduction of silica to produce metallurgical grade silicon with subsequent conversion to silane, an alternative route over magnesiothermic reduction of silica to Mg2Si has been explored in our earlier work. In the current work, silane gas production through hydrolysis of Mg2Si in HCl acid solution was studied. Two sources of Mg2Si were chosen: a commercial Mg2Si source and a Mg2Si source produced through magnesiothermic reduction of high-purity natural quartz. Effects of various parameters on the hydrolysis of Mg2Si, including different experimental setups, temperature of the acid solution, acid concentration, reaction time, and relative amounts of reactants were studied. The evolution of produced gases was determined by two different methods: firstly, by passing the produced gas through a KOH solution to capture Si with subsequent analysis of the Si content in the KOH solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and secondly, on-line gas analysis by GC–MS. The silane distribution between different silane species with reaction time was evaluated and the activation energy of silane formation was calculated. The results indicated comparable silane yields obtained from the on-line GC–MS method and KOH solution analysis method, as well as for commercial Mg2Si and the Mg2Si–MgO mixture produced through magnesiothermic reduction. Furthermore, adding HCl acid to Mg2Si in water led to higher SiH4 formation yield than adding Mg2Si to acid. However, the total silane yield for the two methods was similar at approximately 32%.Graphical

Wet and dry etching of ultrawide bandgap LiGa5O8 and LiGaO2

Crystalline thin films of LiGa5O8 have recently been realized through epitaxial growth via mist-chemical vapor deposition. The single crystal, spinel cubic LiGa5O8 films show promising fundamental material properties and, therefore, make LiGa5O8 a potential enabling material for power electronics. In this work, chemical resistance and etch susceptibility were investigated for the first time on crystalline LiGa5O8 thin films with various wet chemistries. It was found that LiGa5O8 is very chemically resistive to acid solutions, with no apparent etching effects observed when placed in concentrated acid solutions of HCl, H2SO4, HF, or H3PO4 at room temperature. In contrast, orthorhombic (010) LiGaO2 shows effective etching in HCl solutions at varying dilution concentrations, with etch rates measured between 8.6 [1000:1 (DI water: HCl concentration)] and 6092 nm/min (37 wt. % HCl). The inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) of LiGa5O8 using BCl3/Ar and CF4/Ar/O2 gas chemistries was investigated. The etching rate and surface morphology of etched surfaces were examined as a function of RIE and ICP power. Using a CF4/Ar/O2 gas chemistry with an RIE power of 75 W and an ICP power of 300 W resulted in smooth etched planar surfaces while maintaining an etch rate of ∼24.6 nm/min. Similar dry etching studies were performed for LiGaO2. It was found that the BCl3/Ar gas chemistry was better suited for LiGaO2 etching, with similar surface morphology quality being obtained after etching as prior etching when a RIE power of 15 W and an ICP power of 400 W is utilized.

The Extraction of Chitin from Indonesian Shells and its Potential as Zinc Ion Batteries Supporting Material

<p>Indonesia is an archipelagic country that has a very wide water area. One of the results of aquaculture in Indonesia is shrimp. Shrimp production results based on data from the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries in 2022 amounted to 8,3 tons. This makes Indonesia one of the largest shrimp-exporting countries in Southeast Asia. The part of the shrimp that is often consumed by the public is the meat. So that the heads, tails, and shells that have been peeled are often discarded. Shrimp waste besides being able to pollute the environment can also disturb the comfort of local residents, so efforts are needed to overcome it. Shrimp shell contains 27.6% minerals, 34.9% protein, and 18.1% chitin. The chitin content in shrimp shells can be processed into materials for zinc-ion batteries, namely into chitosan which has non-toxic properties and can be used as polymer electrolytes that have good conductivity values through the deacetylation process. The main ingredient used is shrimp shell powder from shrimp waste that has been cleaned and dried. In this study, there are three steps of procedures, namely the deproteination method using NaOH base solution, demineralization using HCl acid solution, and testing for the presence of chitin with the Van Wesslink color reaction. In this experiment, the yields obtained were 0.38, 0.1, 0.12, dan 0.47-gram chitin/gram shrimp shell. The big difference in the yield produced is due to the different types of shrimp waste used.</p>

Synthesis, characterization, and inhibition effects of a novel eugenol derivative bearing pyrrole functionalities on the corrosion of mild steel in a HCl acid solution.

Semi-synthetic modifications of natural products have yielded numerous anti-cancer drugs, antimicrobials, and corrosion inhibitors. In this study, eugenol, a natural product, was synthetically modified to generate a novel heterocyclic compound: pyrrole, which forms crystals. The latter is the outcome of the condensation reaction between eugenol hydrazide and 2,5-hexanedione, conducted under reflux ethanol conditions, without a catalyst, achieving a 96% yield. This compound structure was characterized through spectroscopic methods, such as NMR and FTIR, and validated par the crystal's X-ray diffraction analysis. According to the findings of the electrochemical study, pyrrole demonstrated effective inhibition against the carbon steel's corrosion in a 1 M HCl acid solution.

Antimicrobial and corrosion inhibition activity of Schiff base in mild steel of HCl and H2SO4 acidic solutions

The purpose of synthesizing two different types of Schiff base compounds, such as 2-[(4-Nitrophenyl)Imino]MethylPhenol (2, 4- NMP) and 2-[4-MethoxyPhenyl)Imino] Methyl}Phenol (2,4-MMP), are to improve the corrosion inhibition efficiency of Mild steel (MS) using acidic solutions of 1M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 and investigated antimicrobial activity against bacteria gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative Escherichia coli. The – NO2 and – OCH3 substituent groups effects in the Schiff base azomethine system [– CH=N] have been investigated. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis confirms a range of 1728 –1760 cm-1 , the formation of the azomethine system [-CH=N] in synthesized compounds. Besides, the potential of corrosion was investigated studied by electrochemical impedance studies (EIS), which indicated a high semicircle formed because of the high resistance of allowing the moving of electrons through the metal-electrolyte solution, besides acting as a mixed kind of inhibitor. 2,4-MMP has better inhibition behavior than 2,4-NMP. The morphology of mild steel surface was revealed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermodynamic investigation showed that two synthesized Schiff bases have Langmuir adsorption isotherms with physisorption and chemisorptions mechanisms. Quantum chemical calculations have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT). These studies concludes that 2,4-MMP has a better corrosion efficiency found as 86.1 % compared with the 2,4-NMP found as 84.2% since the electron donating ability of the substituents – OCH3 to the electron rich azomethine system [-CH=N] group. Further synthesized compounds exhibits high activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli due to substituted groups.

Aluminum addition to Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-1In-xAl alloy effect on corrosion kinetics in HCl acid solution

This study examines how adding aluminum to the SAC205-1In-xAl solder alloys in a 1 M hydrochloride acid HCl solution affects their corrosion behavior. HCL acid has a faster corrosion rate than other electrolytes because it contains chlorine (Cl−) and hydrogen (H+) ions. In contrast to other electrolytes like salt and alkaline solutions, which only have one type of ion species for causing corrosion, The characteristics of the produced solder alloy samples were investigated using SEM and EDX tests. Corrosion potentials were shown by polarization investigations, adding 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 wt% Al to the SAC205-1In solder alloy. Based on polarization analyses, the produced solder alloys exhibit slightly different corrosion potentials when Al is added in comparison to the corrosion potentials of SAC305 and SAC205-1In. Corrosion rates exhibit a pattern whereby adding 0.8 wt% Al reduces the corrosion rate. However, as less aluminum is replaced with tin, the corrosion rate slightly increases. SAC205-1In's corrosion rates were enhanced by the addition of Al.

Investigation on coal floatability and pore characteristics using acidification method

This paper investigated the relationship between coal floatability and pore characteristics from the perspective of froth flotation. Three types of coal samples with different ash contents were pretreated with HCl and acetic acid solutions to alter the pore features. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) measurements were conducted to specify the reactions that happened in acidification. The batch flotation and contact angle measurements were conducted to evaluate the floatability of the coal samples. The liquid nitrogen adsorption and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) measurements were applied to measure the pore characteristics of the coal. The acidification treatment partially dissolved mineral components and organic functional groups on the coal surface but did not change the types of the major functional groups. The sedimentation of liberated fine minerals on coal pores caused the decrease in pore volume. The BET specific surface area of the three coal samples after acidification was found to have consistent negative relations with the flotation recovery and combustible recovery rate. This indicated the adverse impact of porosity in coal flotation. The floatability of coal is mainly influenced by the pores at the size fraction of 1–20 μm by pore volume. The nano-scale size pore and fine mineral inside the micron pore increased the water-wettability and resulted in the low floatability of coal.

Assessment of New Imidazol Derivatives and Investigation of Their Corrosion-Reducing Characteristics for Carbon Steel in HCl Acid Solution

This study assessed the corrosion inhibitory and adsorption properties of two imidazol derivatives, namely 5-((2,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (TIMQ) and 5-((2-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)quinolin-8-ol (CDIQ), on carbon steel (CS) in 1 M of HCl using electrochemical methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDP), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–v), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and molecular modeling. The findings showed that TIMQ and CDIQ were potent inhibitors with inhibition efficiencies of 94.8% and 95.8%, respectively. The potentiodynamic polarization experiments showed that the inhibitors worked as mixed-type inhibitors, and the impedance investigations supported the improvement of a protective layer for the inhibitor on the metal surface. Each inhibitor was adsorbed onto the carbon steel surfaces, according to the Langmuir adsorption method. The steel was shielded from acidic ions by an adsorbed coating of the inhibitor molecules, according to SEM. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were used to inspect the results, and a good correlation was found between these results and those of the study. This information can be applied to determine the effectiveness of inhibitors in a HCl acid solution.

Production of eco-friendly UHPC with high durability and resistance to harsh environmental conditions using copper mine tailings

In recent years, constructing environmentally friendly buildings, also known as green buildings, has become a crucial aspect of sustainable development principles. This experimental study investigates the partial replacement of Portland cement with Sungun copper mine tailings (SCMT) for the production of eco-friendly UHPC. The research includes resistance testing against sulfate attack at a 5% Na2SO4 concentration at 30, 90, and 180 days, with SCMT replacement ratios ranging from 5% to 30%. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of eco-friendly UHPC are examined. The study also assesses the mass loss and compressive resistance of UHPC after exposure to an HCl acid solution for 30 and 90 days. The resistance of UHPC to chloride penetration is evaluated using the rapid chloride migration test (RCMT). Additionally, capillary water absorption and microstructural properties of eco-friendly UHPC are studied through SEM analysis. The results indicate that UHPC with partial cement replacement by SCMT had improved mechanical properties, durability, and microstructure. The compressive strength reduction in eco-friendly UHPC mixtures due to acid attack was minimal when 10% SCMT was used as a replacement for cement after being immersed in HCl acid for 90 days. Furthermore, the mixture that contained 10% SCMT demonstrated lower penetration for chloride ions, Which referred to an improvement of 17.6%, compared to the control mixture. In addition, the results of the tests demonstrated that the incorporation of SCMT in UHPC at a rate of 5%–15% had a beneficial impact on the resistance of UHPC to sulfate attack when exposed to a 5% Na2SO4 concentration. This study demonstrates the potential of sustainable UHPC production with SCMT as a suitable alternative to cement in aggressive environments containing acids, sulfates, chlorides, and similar compounds.

Corrosion Inhibition of Copper Metal by Ethanolic Extract of Tinospora Cordifolia Plant in Sulfuric and Hydrochloric Acids of varying Strength (0.5 N to 3N) using Additives

Abstract: Using typical weight loss and thermometric techniques, the inhibitory impact of Tinospora cordifolia stem and leaf extract on copper corrosion in H2SO4 and HCl solutions of varying strength( 0.5N,1N,2N,3N) was investigated. The outcomes demonstrated that extracts worked as outstanding and effective inhibitors in acidic conditions, both in the absence and addition of additives. In an acidic environment, Tinospora cordifolia stem extract outperformed leaves extract in terms of inhibitory efficiency.The maximal inhibitory efficiency for stem extract at maximum inhibitor concentrations of 0.8% was 96.54% and 99.19% in 0.5 N H2SO4 and 95.26% & 97.78% in 0.5 N HCl, respectively, in the absence and presence of additives (KI & K2SO4). Similar to this, the effectiveness of the leaf extract's inhibition was 95.37% and 97.84% in 0.5 N H2SO4 and 94.15% and 96.92% in 0.5 N HCl, at a maximum inhibitor concentration of 0.8% in the absence and addition, respectively, of additives (KI & K2SO4). Based on the findings, stem extract suppresses H2SO4 and HCl more potently than leaf extract.Surface coverage (θ) grows as inhibitor concentration rises (from 0.2% to 0.8%).The values of log(θ/(1-θ) increase linearly as inhibitor concentration rises,it has been demonstrated that ,the inhibitor's adsorption on the copper surface in the acid solutions followed Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The current investigation discovered that the inhibitors (stem and leaf) were more effective at inhibiting the metal copper in H2SO4 and HCl acid solutions when an additive (KI and K2SO4) was present than when the inhibitors (stem and leaf) were present alone. Synergistic effects are to blame for this. The combined action of the two chemicals is more potent on a metal surface than the combined actions of the two chemicals acting separately or concurrently.

Novel Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in Acidic Solutions Based on α-Aminophosphonate (Chemical, Electrochemical, and Quantum Studies).

α-aminophosphonate (α-AP) is used as a novel corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel. The aggressive media applied in this study are HCl and H2SO4 acid solutions. The findings indicate that the morphology of the α-AP compound is cubic, with particles ranging in size from 17 to 23 μm. FT-IR, 1HNMR, 31PNMR, and 13CNMR analysis confirmed the synthesis of the α-AP molecule. It has been discovered that the compound α-AP plays an important role in inhibiting the corrosion of carbon steel in both HCl and H2SO4 acids. This was identifiably inferred from the fact that the addition of α-AP compound decreased the corrosion rate. It is important to report that the maximum inhibition efficiency (92.4% for HCl and 95.7% for H2SO4) was obtained at 180 ppm. The primary factor affecting the rate at which steel specimens corrode in acidic electrolytes is the tendency of α-AP compounds to adsorb on the surface of steel through their heteroatoms (O, N, and P). This was verified by SEM/EDX results. The adsorption actually occurs through physical and chemical mechanisms via different active centers which are matched with the calculated quantum parameters. In addition, the adsorption of α-AP follows the Langmuir isotherm.

Anticorrosive properties of aqueous Cichorium intybus seeds extract as a sustainable-green inhibitor for aluminum corrosion in hydrochloric acid solution: An experimental and DFT/MC/MD theoretical approach

The inhibitory effect of Cichorium intybus seeds (C. Intybus) on the corrosion behavior of Al 7075 alloy was evaluated in a 1 M HCl acid solution using chemical and electrochemical methods. The adsorption process was proved using FTIR, UV-Vis, Fluorescence, SEM, EDX, AFM, and contact angle measurements. The results reflect that C. Intybus provided excellent protection, and all measurements showed that the inhibition performance of extracts increased by increasing the concentration to reach 93.67% at 12% v/v. Furthermore, this substance functioned as a mixed-type inhibitor to obstruct the anodic and cathodic active sites on the surface of the metal. The study outcomes matched the monolayer Langmuir isotherm, and the calculated adsorption free energy and activation energy reflect that the inhibition mechanism featured the physisorption process. The computational studies were used to provide further confirmation of the adsorption mechanism and to find out how organic inhibitor molecules interact with metal surface using Density Functional Theory (DFT) with Lee/Yang/Parr (B3LYP) level, 6–311 + + G(d,p) as the basis function set calculation, Monte Carlo (MC), and Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations. The findings showed good agreement with both the experimental and theoretical results. One of the important findings of this work is the possibility of using C. Intybus as a greener alternative and environmentally friendly resource for corrosion inhibition in an acidic medium.

Heteroepitaxial growth of CaGe2 films on high-resistivity Si(111) substrates and its application for germanane synthesizing

Realizing a germanane (GeH) film on insulating substrates is strongly required to understand its intrinsic electric properties in discussing the potential applications for the next-generation field-effect transistor channels. This study investigates the heteroepitaxial growth of CaGe2—the precursor of the GeH—films on a high resistive substrate of FZ-Si(111) using a molecular beam epitaxy with the deposition temperature (Tdepo) as a variable. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicated that a metastable polytype of 2H was dominated in the epitaxial CaGe2 films; the Tdepo must be less than 700 °C to prevent Si diffusion from the substrates. We also synthesize GeH films by immersing some CaGe2 films in HCl acid solutions at a low temperature of −40 °C. Although the obtained grain size of GeH was still as small as several hundred nanometers, we believe that the present study is the first step in obtaining the GeH continuous films directly on insulators necessary for electrical characterizations.

Recovery of molybdenum from (Co – Mo / - Al2O3) spent catalyst

In the present research, hydro – desulfurization spent catalyst with an alumina base has been found to be as a source for molybdenum recovery. It was compose of 19 - 30 % of molybdenum as MoO3. Two methods were used for the recovery of molybdenum. First method was using H2S gas for precipitation of Co as CoS, and the precipitation of Mo has been done by HCl acid solution addition. The second method was the alkali leaching of spent catalyst and recovery of molybdenum using dilute NH4OH solution and then the precipitation of molybdenum as trioxide using HCl solution. The optimum conditions were predicated for the recovery of molybdenum, and different parameters were studied such as the alkali concentration and leaching time.

Preparation and evaluation of new pyridone derivatives and their investigation corrosion depletion property for copper corrosion in HCl acid solution

Preparation and evaluation of new pyridone derivatives and their investigation corrosion depletion property for copper corrosion in HCl acid solution

Inhibitivni efekat magnetnog polja na koroziju mekog čelika u kiselom mediju

The inhibitive effect of applied magnetic fields on the corrosion of mild steel in 1.0M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 acid solutions has been investigated at room temperature by using the gravimetric technique. A locally made electromagnet with variable outputs and powered by a direct current source voltage provided the magnetic fields. In a typical experiment, the applied magnetic field was applied perpendicularly onto the surface of a mild steel coupon immersed completely in a chosen acid solution for an exposure time of two hours. It was observed that the corrosion rates of mild steel determined for each case of 1.0M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4 test solutions decrease as the applied magnetic field increases. This indicates that the presence of the applied magnetic field inhibits the corrosion of the mild steel in the test solutions. Results also show that the protection efficiency of the magnetic field increases as the applied magnetic field increases. More specifically, as the magnetic field was increased from 118.2 - 764.3mG [or 0.01182 - 0.07643 mT], the protection efficiency increased from 36.34 - 62.67% for mild steel in 1.0M HCl acid solution, while for mild steel in 0.5M H2SO4 acid solution, the protection efficiency increased from 12.68 - 46.88%. It was demonstrated that the observed inhibitive effect of the magnetic fields can be attributed partly to the phenomenon of transverse magnetoresistance and partly to the effect of the magnetic fields on the mass transport properties of the constituent ions in the electrochemical system

Optimization of avocado seed nanoparticle extract (ASNE) as green inhibitor on API X65 steel corrosion using response surface methodology

The use of natural products as inhibitors has become increasingly popular due to environmental concerns and the need for sustainable corrosion solutions. In this investigation, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to optimize the process variable of ASNE on API X65 steel in 1M HCl acid solution through gravimetric and surface analysis. The influence of concentration, temperature, and exposure time on the inhibition efficiency of avocado seed nanoparticle extract (ASNE) was examined using a central composite design (CCD). The optimum values obtained for the highest inhibition of 95.7% were a temperature condition of 25 °C, a concentration of 5 g/L, and exposure time of 24 hours. Microstructural examination of the studied samples showed a significant surface difference, confirming the formation of a protective layer on the steel surface. Experimental data was in good agreement with the model hence, the study provides valuable insights into the use of ASNE as an inhibitor for API X65 steel and demonstrates the effectiveness of RSM in optimizing the inhibition process variables.