HBsAg Test Research Articles

The contribution of antinuclear antibodies in Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC): An experience from the immunology laboratory at University Hospital Center Hassan II, Fes, Morocco.

Patients older than 18 with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis were recruited from September 2021 to January 2023. Clinical data were collected, including age, sex, symptoms, and biochemical parameters (ALT), (AST), (ALP), (GGT), (TB), (PT) and (PN), autoantibodies associated with hepatic autoimmune disorders: (AMA), anti-gp 210, anti-Sp100 and anti-F-actin antibodies were identified using HEp-2 cells as substrate (Fig. 1); and/or multiple Immunodot liver tests. HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV test results of the patients were found to be negative. 19 out of 71 had a confirmed diagnosis of PBC; 5 patients with AIH-PBC overlap (26.3%), and 14 patients with PBC (73.7%). Patients mainly were females with a 0.12-sex ratio. ANA patterns were dominated by cytoplasmic filamentous staining (AC-21) with punctuate nuclear envelope staining (AC-12). Multiple Immunodot tests were performed on all patients: AMA was present in 89.4%, anti-gp 210, and anti-Sp100 antibodies in 57.8% and 21.1%, respectively (Table 1).Patients were divided into groups depending on the positivity of AMA, anti-gp 210, and anti-Sp100 antibodies. 10.5% of PBC patients (2) had negatives AMA and positive anti-gp210. Almost half of PBC patients (11) had associated positive AMA and positive anti-gp210 and/or anti-Sp100, while 26.3% of them (5) had only positive AMA (Table 2). The findings in this work support the role of anti-gp 210 and anti-Sp100 in identifying patients with PBC and overlap syndromes. Moreover, Anti-gp 210 antibodies are found to be helpful for the diagnosis of PBC patients who are negative for AMAs.

Prevalence of Hepatitis D Virus among People Attending the Antiretroviral Clinic and the Effect on the Liver Function Enzymes

Hepatitis D virus is an incomplete RNA virus requiring the assistance of the hepatitis B virus, specifically the HBsAg, to be infectious in humans. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of HDV among HIV patients and the effect on liver enzymes. The study was conducted at the Rivers state University Teaching hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Blood samples were obtained through vein puncture from 93 adults of which 41(44%) were males while 52(56%) were females between the ages 18 and 70 years attending the antiretroviral clinic and CD4+ cell count was also obtained. The samples were preserved at -20ºC. Each of the samples was tested using a SWE-Care rapid strip (China) for the presence of HBsAg. HDV antibody was detected using a Dia. Pro ELISA kit (Italy). The AST, ALT and ALP were determined. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the data and P values were determined. From the total samples collected, 7(7.5%) of them were positive to the HBsAg test of which 3(3.2%) were males, while 4(4.3%) of them were females. Of the 7 people positive to the HBsAg, 6(6.4%) were positive to the HDV antibody with 3(3.2%) females and 3(3.2%) males. There was significant depletion of the CD4+ cells across the groups. For the liver function test, the P values were ˃ 0.05 for AST, ALT and ˂ 0.05 for ALP. The HDV infection from the study was not gender, nor age based and suggests a negative impact on the CD4 cells. The liver function enzyme analysis, suggest higher risk of hypertension in HIV/HBV/HDV infection.

SEROPREVALENCE OF HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HCV, and Anti-HIV IN PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE IN AN AMATEM CLINIC IN EASTERN TURKIYE: A SIX-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION

Aim
 Substance abuse and concomitant infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality. Yet, the number of epidemiological studies regarding infectious diseases in people with substance abuse are limited in our country. In this study, the aim was to investigate the frequency of illegal alcohol and substance use in an Alcohol and Drug Research, Treatment and Training Centres (AMATEM) clinic in Turkey as well as the HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV parameters between the years of 2016-2021. 
 Material and Method
 HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, and anti-HIV tests were conducted using the ELISA technique in 6881 alcohol and substance use disorder (ASUD). Urine samples from ASUD’s were analyzed for alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine metabolites. The results were evaluated retrospectively. 
 Results
 All of the 6881 ASUD’s were male with a mean age of 32.18±9.66 years. Of the 6881 ASUD’s included in the study, 4107 (59.7%) were opioid addicts; 1479 (21.5%) were mixed drug addicts; 897 (13%) were alcohol addicts; and the rest were addicts with other types of substance use. The mean age of the alcohol users was 45.33±13.03 and the mean age of opioid users was 29.90±7.13. The percentage of opioid addiction in 2016 was 71.2% which dropped to 28.7% in 2021. Meanwhile, the percentage of alcohol addiction was 13.6% in 2016 and increased to 21.4% in 2021; and the percentage of mixed drug use was 8.7% in 2016 and increased to 36.8% in 2021. HBsAg-positivity in opioid users (56.7%) was higher compared to cannabis users (2.6%) and mixed drug users (22.3%). Anti-HCV positivity of opioid users (69.4%) was found to be higher compared to alcohol (9.4%), cannabis (2%), and mixed drug (16.2%) users, and this finding was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Anti-HBs positivity of opioid users (63.1%) was found to be higher compared to alcohol (9.9%), cannabis (3%), and mixed drug (21%) users, and this finding was statistically significant (p=0.0001). Anti-HIV was determined negative in all ASUD’s. The highest rates of HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HBs positivity were found in the 26-30 years of age. 
 Conclusion
 These findings indicate a high prevalence of intravenous substance abuse in the 26-30 years age group in our region as well as the high HBV and HCV rates in this patient group.

A nationwide cross-sectional review of in-hospital hepatitis B virus testing and disease burden estimation in Ghana, 2016 - 2021

Background and aimsData are needed to inform hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing and treatment policies in Ghana to make progress towards achieving the 2030 WHO elimination targets. This study investigated testing patterns for HBV and described the age, sex, and region-specific prevalence of HBV infection in Ghana using hospital data.MethodsA nationwide multi-centre cross-sectional study was performed where hospital-based registers were reviewed. These included review of 139,966 laboratory, 169,048 blood bank, and 83,920 delivery register entries from 22 healthcare institutions in Ghana. Frequencies and proportions, and crude and pooled estimates reported. Chi squared test was used for tests of independence. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with a positive test result.ResultsThe crude HBsAg seroprevalence was 8.48% (95%CI 8.25–8.57%) with pooled estimate of 11.40% (95%CI 10.44–12.35). HBsAg seroprevalence among children under 5 years was 1.87% (95%CI 1.07-3.27) and highest age-specific seroprevalence was in those 40-49 years. The highest region-specific seroprevalences was in the Savannah (22.7%). Predictors of a positive HBsAg RDT test included female sex (OR 0.81 95% CI 0.74–0.88), and age (OR 1.005 95%CI 1.002–1.007). The proportion of parturient women receiving HBsAg testing increased between 2017 (87.2%) and 2020 (94.3%) (p < 0.001). The crude HBsAg seroprevalence in parturient women was 6.14% (95% CI 5.97-6.31). Among blood donors the crude HBsAg seroprevalence was 5.69% (95%CI 5.58–5.80). Data from 2 teaching hospitals indicated that in 2020, although 1500 HBsAg positive tests were recorded only 746 serological profile and 804 HBV DNA tests were performed. HBV e antigen seroprevalence was 6.28% (95%CI 4.73–7.84).Conclusion and recommendationsGhana remains a country with high HBV burden. There is an unequal distribution, with higher HBsAg seroprevalence in the north of the country. Furthermore, PCR testing is not widely available outside of large teaching hospitals, which limits diagnostic work-up. Hepatitis reporting systems and registers should be improved to facilitate data capture of indicators and standardised across the country to allow for comparability. Furthermore, where gains have been made in testing among pregnant women, there is a need for linkage to appropriate care.

Prospective cohort study of prevention of mother to child transmission of hepatitis B infection and 9 months follow-up of hepatitis B-exposed infants at Ile-Ife, Nigeria

ObjectivesEliminating mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is central to WHO’s target of reducing hepatitis B infection in children to <0.1% by 2030. While Nigeria accounts for 8.3%...

15-year evaluation of changes in the HBsAg positivity rate in pregnant women in Turkey: the prominent effect of national vaccination.

The detection of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity in pregnant women before delivery is crucial to preventing mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus. This study aimed to evaluate the status and rate of testing for hepatitis B surface antigen, rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity, hepatitis B surface antigen positivity distribution rate by age, and changes in hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate in pregnant women over the study period. We conducted a multicentre, cross-sectional, descriptive study covering the period January 2005 to June 2019 for 2 145 668 pregnant women from 27 provinces in all 7 regions of Turkey, collected using Microsoft Excel before statistical analysis. We found that 1 012 593 (47.1%) pregnant women were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen over the 15-year period, out of which 11 471 (1.1%) were hepatitis B surface antigen-positive. Overall, 97% of the hepatitis B surface antigen positive women were born before 1998, the year that national HBV vaccination was launched in Turkey. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen positivity in that group was 1.1%, compared with 0.3% among women born after 1998. There was a downward trend in the hepatitis B surface antigen positivity rate among pregnant women in the younger age groups, especially among those born after universal hepatitis B vaccination was inaugurated, and low rate of HBsAg testing during pregnancy.

DOUBLE BURDEN OF COVID19 PANDEMIC TO PREGNANT WOMAN EARLY DETECTION WITH HBSAG IN INDONESIA

The COVID-19 pandemic has heterogeneously affected the use of essential health services worldwide, with disruptions in some countries beginning in the early stages of the emergency in March 2020. These disruptions have occurred on both the supply and demand sides of healthcare and have often been related to resource shortages to provide care and lower patient turnout associated with mobility restrictions and fear of contracting COVID-19 at facilities. The goal of this paper, compare the HBsAg test before and after the COVID-19 pandemic to a pregnant woman's early detection with HBsAg to achieve the target of at least 80% in 2020. Method using a simple mathematical calculation modeling approach developed to predict health service use until the pandemic using routinely collected health information systems data (SIHEPI). Results show HBsAg reactive Proportion of total pregnant women in each Province is about 2,1% on 47,91% of pregnant women in Indonesia, highest in eastern Indonesia province (NTT, Papua, and West Papua). With a calculation of 80% targeted a pregnant woman in 2020, reactive Proportion predicted about 4,4% in Indonesia, West Papua becomes the highest Province with 21,38%, Papua about 12,63%, and NTT about 11,31%. In conclusion, refered to comparison of mathematical calculation approach from 80% targeted average become 4,4% reactive HBsAg test. Delaying early detection in pregnant women before and after the covid19 pandemic becomes a double burden in Indonesia. These phenomena become a high-risk factor for maternal-to-child transmission. Indonesia needs serious action to achieve Hepatitis B elimination in 2030.

Acid-Fast Bacilli Smear Positivity and HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis Co-infections between 2016 and 2019 in Mogadishu, Somalia

Although tuberculosis (TB) is a treatable disease, it continues to be an important health problem affecting societies worldwide. TB is one of the 10 most common causes of death worldwide today, despite the efforts of national organizations and the global struggle efforts of the World Health Organization (WHO), that have continued since its first establishment and exceeded seventy years. Somalia faces many negative factors that hinder the success of TB eradication programs, such as limitation of economic resources, lack of adequate infrastructure systems in the urban and rural regions, inadequacies in sheltering and nutrition, as well as instability, conflicts, and difficulties in accessing health care services. However, the country has been located in a rapidly developing region where socio-economic development and transformation has been experienced in many fields in recent years. This study includes the analysis of Acid Resistant Basil (ARB) smear examination results of patients admitted to a tertiary health center in the region where public health surveillance, screening programs, and treatment interventions have been disrupted for the last 30 years due to the aforementioned reasons. A total of 5,160 ARB test results of 3,909 patients admitted to the hospital with different medical reasons during the 4-year period between July 2016 and November 2019 were included in the study. The mean age was 43.3±21.8 years, with a range of &lt;1 to 97 years and the ARB test positivity rate was found to be %5.63 (220/3,909) in the study group. The positivity rate was 6.70% (158/2,199) in males and 3.99% (62/1,490) in females (p&lt;0.001). The group most affected by the infection (TB) were young and adult men between the ages of 10-40. HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV tests were also performed for approximately half of the patients who requested ARB test and the co-infection rates for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were found as 9.68%, 2.46%, and 0.0%, respectively. These rates are compatible with the seroepidemiological situation of the mentioned viral infections in the region. The results also reveal the low frequency of HIV-TB co-infections in the Somali population, unlike other regions of sub-Saharan Africa. The co-infection rate for syphilis, in which fewer patients were tested, was found to be 2.27%. It was found that ARB positivity rates changed as 5.31%, 6.44%, and 5.63% between 2017-2019 and did not increase or decrease according to years; with the exception of 2016 (11.2%) when a small number of patients were admitted. Early diagnosis and early treatment of active cases are critical for the effectiveness of TB control programs. Despite certain limitations, the data presented in the study can be considered as a reference point for future studies.

Six-year seroprevalence results for blood center mandatory donor screenings: single center experience

Aims: Infections transmitted through blood and blood product transfusions are one of the most important health problems today. In Turkey; Microbiological screening for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis and HIV infections is mandatory for each unit of blood and blood components prepared for transfusion, regardless of the time between donations. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis in blood donors who applied to our Blood Center and to compare them with the prevalences in other regions of Turkey.&#x0D; Material and Method: The study was conducted between January 2016 and June 2022 and included 68195 donors. Screenings for HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and syphilis tests were performed with commercial kits using the Electro-Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (ECLIA) principle. Positive results were confirmed by validation studies.&#x0D; Results: As a result of screening, 279 (0.4%) of 68195 donors tested positive for HBsAg, 56 (0.08%) for anti-HCV, 25 for anti-HIV (0.03%) and 197 (0.28%) for syphilis. Of the total donors, 2129 (3.1%) were volunteers and 66,066 (97%) were non-volunteer relatives. In total, 0.8% of the donors were positive for screening.&#x0D; Conclusion: The significant (0.8%) positivity detected in the HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV and syphilis tests of the donors showed that blood transfusion screening tests were vital. In addition, considering the window period of infections and the pre-seroconversion period, it was concluded that there is a need for methods with high sensitivity and solutions such as avoiding unnecessary transfusions.

Gender disparity and stigma experience of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A prospective cross-sectional study from a hospital in Nigeria.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected persons often suffer stigma. Stigma can come from the society or be self-induced. This study assessed the gender differences and stigma experience of patients with HBV. Prospective cross-sectional design with a qualitative element using a pretested interviewer administered questionnaire and an in-depth oral interview of HBV infected patients. Quantitative data obtained were entered into SPSS version 20 and analyzed using simple descriptive and inferential statistics, while content analysis was used for the qualitative data. Total of 242 respondents answered the quantitative questionnaire. There were 142(58.7%) males and 100 (41.3%) females; age range was 18-72years with mean (SD) of 35.4(10.7) years. Overall stigma rate was 23.1%. Stigma resulted from a positive HBsAg test, and the experience was unaffected by other markers of HBV infection. Stigma was higher in the domain of disease transmission for both single and married respondents and was particularly higher among males than females. Stigma among females affected pre-marital engagements and also caused marital disharmony among married respondents. In-depth oral interview of 23 HBV infected respondents revealed that many exhibited self-stigma, had wrong knowledge of HBV infection modes, complications, and interpretation of HBV internet information which aggravated stigma reactions. Stigma of HBV is high and majorly in the domain of disease transmission. It is higher in males than females. Enlightenment campaign targeting singles and married couples and HBV infection modes is advocated.

Prevalence of hepatitis B among patients in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, (Mouau) Clinic and Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State

To determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B among patients in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, (MOUAU) clinic and Madonna Catholic Hospital Umuahia, Abia State. Blood samples were collected aseptically using a sterile syringe and needle. About 2-5ml of blood was collected from each patient and conveyed in ice packs to Microbiology Laboratory for pre-vaccination tests. On-the-spot testing for HBsAg was conducted using Smart Check HBsAg (Globalemed, Cape Town, South Africa) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. This study revealed that about 46.5% of the study participants were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen, while the prevalence of age distribution of Hepatitis B surface antigen among male and female patients revealed that the rate of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen was highest in patients between the age 16-34 years at a percentage prevalence of 19(55.9%). This study also revealed that Hepatitis B virus prevalence rates were the most prevalent among female patients with a positive percentage value of 47.7%.The prevalence rate of HBsAg was higher in the 16-34 age group than in the other age groups tested. This high prevalence rate calls for more awareness on effective HBsAg immunization program in Nigeria. The importance of vaccination in the fight against hepatitis B cannot be overstated, emphasizing the necessity for universal immunization of all people in the study's age group and the creation of measures to prevent mother-to-child transmission. As a result, it is advised that adolescents born before the hepatitis B vaccine era in Nigeria receive public health education and vaccination against the infection.

Comparison of Two Different Serological Viral Marker Testing Assays for Screening of Apheresis Donors: Which Assay Provides Optimum Safety for Transfusion?

While whole blood testing has evolved over the years, viral marker testing for plateletpheresis donors is still performed by Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT). Aim of this study was to compare diagnostic accuracy of RDT and Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) in serological testing for HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV antibodies. A prospective, analytical study was conducted in the department of Transfusion Medicine at a tertiary healthcare center in India between September 2016 and August 2018. Samples were simultaneously tested by CLIA, RDT and a confirmatory test. Sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and mean time taken to report results were calculated. A total of 102 (1.48%) of the 6883 samples were found to be reactive by either or both the assays. A total of 74 (1.08%) samples were HBsAg reactive, 23 (0.33%) were reactive for anti-HCV antibodies and 5 (0.07%) were reactive for anti-HIV I and II antibodies. A combined sero-prevalence of 1.05% (72) was observed; 0.78% (54) for HBsAg, 0.26% (18) for anti-HCV antibodies and none for anti-HIV I and II antibodies. Four (3.85%) reactive samples were missed by RDT and therefore sensitivity of RDT was quite less as compared to CLIA. RDT and CLIA both were found to have a statistically significant shorter turnaround time than confirmatory tests. There is increasing need to develop a safe donor screening strategy for plateletpheresis. CLIA offers an excellent alterative to RDT for viral marker testing in terms of sensitivity.

Burden estimation of hepatitis B &amp; C in thalassemia patients in MGM Medical College and Hospital, Jamshedpur

Introduction: Thalassemia encompasses a group of genetic blood disorders, in which there is altered or inadequate haemoglobin synthesis and requires a repeated blood transfusion. Due to repeated blood transfusion, these patients are vulnerable to HCV, HBV, and HIV like blood transfusion transmitted diseases. Aims and Objective: To determine the prevalence of HCV and HBV infections in multitransfused thalassemia patients in a tertiary care hospital. Material And Methods: Cross sectional and observational studywas done on a total of 110 beta thalassemia patients aged between 2-25years &amp;were categorised into four groups (2-7 years, group 1; 8-13 years, group 2; 14-19 years, group 3 and 20-25 years, group 4).For testing, 5 ml Blood sample was collected, Serum separatedand subjected to testing for HBsAg, and antibody to Hepatitis C, by ELISA method. Screening was done by immunochromatography test (point of care test). Results: A total of 110 patients of beta thalassemia major were included in our study. Out of this, 68(62%) were males and 42(38%) were females.

Awareness and treatment of chronic hepatitis B in Malaysia-findings from a community-based screening campaign

IntroductionIn 2016 the World Health Organization (WHO) had adopted a global strategy to eliminate Hepatitis B (HBV) by 2030 through five core interventions. One of which is the “cascade of care”, the continuum of services that persons with chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) should receive as they progress from screening to diagnosis to treatment to chronic care. We determined the prevalence of the awareness and treatment of chronic HBV in Malaysia based on a large sample data from a screening campaign.MethodsA total of 10,436 subjects participated in the HBV screening campaign organized by the Hepatitis Free Pahang Malaysia (HFP). Between in 2018 and 2019, HFP organized a total of 109 health fairs in partnership with local non-governmental organizations (NGO) to conduct HBV screening mostly in small towns and villages largely in the state of Pahang. All screen-positive subjects were recalled to undergo laboratory-based HBsAg and HBV DNA tests. Patients with confirmed chronic HBV were referred to local health services, while continued being monitored by HFP.ResultsWe estimated 13.1% of Malaysian adults aged 20 or older with chronic HBV were aware of their HBV status, and of those only 0.7% had received prior anti-viral treatment, but among those with baseline HBV DNA level > 20,000 IU/ml, 15.6% were subsequently treated. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was the only medicine used on all treated patients.ConclusionFew Malaysian adults with HBV were aware of their infection and even less received anti-viral therapy. Concerted public health efforts are urgently needed to improve HBV screening and care cascade in order to meet WHO’s targets for HBV elimination.

Undiagnosed Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Virus Infections in the Community of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

BackgroundDespite Ethiopia’s hepatitis endemic status with intermediate to hyperendemic level, there is no national strategy for monitoring, preventing, and controlling viral hepatitis. In order to advise community-based intervention programs, studies on the magnitude, determinant factors, and understanding of indigenous social organization are important. Thus, this study examined undiagnosed seroprevalence and associated factors for HBV and HCV infections among community members in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 individuals from randomly selected two woredas in the Wolaita Zone to determine the magnitude of HBV and HCV. Multistage sampling was used to select participants. Relevant clinical and sociodemographic data were collected using a structured questionnaire. One test strip technique was used for the screening of hepatitis B surface antigen and for antibodies against HCV. Both tests were confirmed by ELISA methods. The associated factors were assessed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe seroprevalence for HBV infection was 6.6% (95% CI: 4.22%, 8.69%) using a one-step HBsAg test strip and 5.6% (95% CI: 3.47%, 8.58%) using confirmatory test (ELISA). The two tests had a very good agreement (K = 0.918; SE = 0.047; P < 0.001). The overall seroprevalence for HCV infection was 1.9% (95% CI: 0.9%, 3.0%). All four of the one-step HCV test strip positives were also positive by ELISA. One (0.3%) of the participants was co-infected with HBV and HCV. Hospital admission (AOR = 0.22; 95% CI = 0.5–0.95) and needle stick (AOR = 0.15; 95% CI = 0.07–0.72) were independently associated with HBV infections.ConclusionAccording to the current study, in Wolaita community, there is endemic to HBV at a higher-intermediate level and to HCV at a low level. It would be imperative to increase awareness of transmission modes and prevention of infection, as well as vaccination, in order to reduce the burden of both HBV and HCV.

Screening of Infectious Diseases and Hb Levels at Blood Donor Unit Indonesian Red Cross in Jayapura City Papua

Voluntary blood donors are people who voluntarily donate their blood to other people and not to certain patients. Before blood is given to the recipient, a blood filter test or screening test is carried out. A screening test is a process of screening or separating blood that can be transfused and not infected with an infectious disease. Research has been conducted with the title Infectious Disease Screening Results and Hemoglobin (Hb) Levels in Voluntary Donors at the Indonesian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Unit, Jayapura City. This research was conducted for 1 month, from 13 May to 15 June 2019. The population used in this study were all voluntary donors who came to donate blood. The number of samples in this study was 45 samples. Methods for examining infectious diseases, in this case testing for HIV, HBsAg, and hemoglobin levels used were the ELISA method and Bj: 1.053 copper sulfate. 2 people (4.4%) were positive and 43 people (95.6%) negative, HBsAg test found 7 people (15.6%) positive and 38 people (84.4%) negative and Hemoglobin obtained results as many as 45 people (100%) normal.

An appraisal of routine Antenatal laboratory parameters at booking in Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria

Antenatal care (ANC) involves a planned and coordinated medical and psychosocial support that optimally begins before conception and extends throughout the antepartum period. Routine laboratory tests at booking are part of this range of evidence-based interventions to ensure healthy mothers and infants. The usual recommended routine ANC laboratory tests in low resource countries include; packed Cell Volume (PCV), Blood/Rhesus group, Hemoglobin genotype, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and urinalysis.&#x0D; A review of Antenatal booking investigation results of consecutive presenting pregnant women at Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso between January 1, 2019 and June 30, 2021 were analyzed alongside with other relevant information such as age, parity, occupation, level of education, year of last childbirth.&#x0D; Eight hundred and fifty-two pregnant women participated in the study, out of which 522 (61.3%) were &lt;30 years while 312 (36.6%) and 18 (2.1%) were 30-39 years and ≥40 years respectively. Most of the women were age 20 – 29 years (60.6%) and only 2 (0.7%) were teenagers. Majority of the participants had parity of 1-4 (94.7%) while only 33 were grand multiparous. A total of 387 (45.4) women had normal PCV while 465 (54.6) had a PCV in the range of mild to moderate anaemia. None was severely anaemic. The commonest blood group was ‘O’ 390 (45.7%). Most of the mothers 771 (90.4%) were Rhesus D positive while 81 (9.6%) of them were negative. Only three women were positive for HIV while 6 and 78 women had a positive VDRL and HbSAg test results respectively.&#x0D; Most of the women are young (&lt;40 years), have blood group O rhesus D positive and were anaemic at booking. Most of the participants are non-reactive to VDRL, HIV and HBsAg tests. The high percentage of anaemic cases in this study have justified the critical role of routine ANC laboratory tests in providing prompt detection and thus modification or management of pre-existing conditions or risk factors that may influence the course and outcome of pregnancy and labour.

Universal hepatitis B vaccination in adults aged 19–59 years: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices—United States, 2022

Universal hepatitis B vaccination in adults aged 19–59 years: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices—United States, 2022

Study on seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus on blood donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State

Viral hepatitis B has been classified as being a prevalent infection that is caused by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of people exposed to the Hepatitis B virus is about 2 billion global population and two hundred and forty million of the world population are chronic carriers. This work is on screening of blood for possible hepatitis B infection among the donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, to determine the prevalence of such cases. The study was conducted from August 2021 through January 2022 at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. Two hundred (200) adults that were voluntary blood donors in the age range of 20 to 50 years old were selected for the study. And, two mililitres of blood samples were collected from each donor using vacutainer tubes and allowed to clot at 25 °C. A 50 µl serum of each blood sample was then pipetted from the vacutainer tube for analysis using the Lab ACON HBsAg Test strip. Positive samples to the HBsAg Test strip were further tested, using the primary confirmatory test: Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) using the ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay. Twenty-seven samples originally tested positive for HBsAg, and twenty-two were confirmed HBsAg-positive using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), giving an overall prevalence of 11%, this being considered greater than the threshold of 7 % rated as HBsAg in an adult population, the study sample indicated an endemic population.

Study on seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus on blood donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State

Viral hepatitis B has been classified as being a prevalent infection that is caused by the infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV), resulting in acute and chronic liver diseases globally. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of people exposed to the Hepatitis B virus is about 2 billion global population and two hundred and forty million of the world population are chronic carriers. This work is on screening of blood for possible hepatitis B infection among the donors at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, to determine the prevalence of such cases. The study was conducted from August 2021 through January 2022 at State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, South-west Nigeria. Two hundred (200) adults that were voluntary blood donors in the age range of 20 to 50 years old were selected for the study. And, two mililitres of blood samples were collected from each donor using vacutainer tubes and allowed to clot at 25 °C. A 50 µl serum of each blood sample was then pipetted from the vacutainer tube for analysis using the Lab ACON HBsAg Test strip. Positive samples to the HBsAg Test strip were further tested, using the primary. confirmatory test: Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) using the ARCHITECT HBsAg Qualitative Confirmatory assay. Twenty-seven samples originally tested positive for HBsAg, and twenty-two were confirmed HBsAg-positive using Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA), giving an overall prevalence of 11%, this being considered greater than the threshold of 7 % rated as HBsAg in an adult population, the study sample indicated an endemic population.