Haze Pollution In China Research Articles

Study on the effect of environmental regulations and industrial structure on haze pollution in China from the dual perspective of independence and linkage

As China haze pollution has been more and more serious, the government has issued many regulations to control it. As has been demonstrated that, nowadays industrial structure is one of the main causes of haze pollution. Considering the rationalization and upgrading of industrial structure, this paper explores the direct effect and interaction between environmental regulation and industrial structure. The spatial panel model has been used to conduct empirical research based on the province-level panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2006 to 2016. The results show that: from the perspective of independence, the environmental regulations play a significant role in reducing haze pollution within expectations. The industrial structure can reduce haze pollution through the path of rationalization, but the role of the industrial structure upgrading has not been shown for the time being. From the perspective of linkage, the development of environmental regulation has enhanced the haze reduction effect of industrial structure upgrading, while environmental regulation has not yet affected the haze reduction effect of new industrial structure rationalization. Finally, to test of regional heterogeneity, Hu Huanyong line is introduced as the baseline which divides China into southeast and northwest sides. On the southeast side, environmental regulations have a significant mitigation effect on haze, and it can effectively reduce haze pollution through rationalization of industrial structure. In contrast, the efficiency of environmental measures is not significant on the northwest side.

Research on the Impact of Environmental Regulation on Haze Pollution in China

Using spatial exploratory data analysis technology, this paper empirically analyzes the spatial evolution of haze pollution, and examines the impact of environmental regulation on haze pollution based on Spatial Durbin Model in China from 2004 to 2016. The results show that there is a significant spatial autocorrelation for haze pollution in China, and the spatial distribution forms high-haze pollution high-high(H-H) cluster regions and low-haze pollution low-low(L-L) cluster regions. The H-H cluster regions have experienced a change from the central region to the western region and then to the eastern region, and the L-L cluster regions have expanded and shifted to the east. Second, the direct effect of environmental regulation on haze pollution is negative but not significant, while the indirect effect and total effect of environmental regulation on haze pollution are significantly positive, which shows the current environmental regulation has not played a role in suppressing haze pollution. This is inconsistent with the original intention of the government to implement environmental regulation policies and there is indeed a “green paradox” in China. In addition, FDI and population size have aggravate the haze pollution in the region, and the improvement of the industrial structure is conducive to the improvement of haze pollution.

A comparison of haze pollution variability in China using haze indices based on observations.

Defining the occurrence and degree of haze pollution (HP) in China has been extremely controversial in recent years. This study elaborates on the meanings of ten most frequently used HP indices based on observation and compares their performance in measuring the HP variability in China concerning the annual cycle, interannual variations and interdecadal trends for the period of 1980-2015. It is found that these indices exhibit a high consistency in South China, while apparent discrepancies exist in North Chinam, Sichuan Basin and the Yangtze River Delta. Observed surface PM2.5 concentration is utilized to assess the performance of the ten HP indices. Results show that some of these indices can well capture primary features of the HP in some specific area, only these defined by a daily averaged value or 14:00 single threshold value have relatively good performance in the whole Eastern China. Such four indices (HPI2/HPI3/HPI4/HPI5) exhibit high consistence in depicting spatial-temporal variations (from annual cycle to interannual variability) of surface PM2.5 concentration over China, meaning they can highlight the significance of high aerosol concentration in triggering HP events. Moreover, further analysis suggest that the contributions of weather conditions to the occurrence and degree of the HP is becoming more in China, especially in the NC, SCB, YRD regions. These results provide useful guidance for monitoring variations of the HP in China and for making long-term environmental regulatory and controlling policy.

Comparison of arsenic fractions and health risks in PM2.5 before and after coal-gas replacement

Coal-Gas replacement project has been implemented to decrease haze pollution in China in recent years. Airborne arsenic (As) mostly originates from coal burning processes. It is noteworthy to compare the distribution of arsenic fraction in PM2.5 before and after coal-gas replacement. Eighty PM2.5 samples were collected in Baoding in December 2016 (coal dominated year) and December 2017 (gas dominated year) at different functional areas including residential area (RA), industrial area (IA), suburb (SB), roadside (ST) and Botanical Garden Park (BG). The fraction, bioavailability and health risk of As in the PM2.5 samples were investigated and compared between these two years. Arsenic was mainly distributed in the non-specifically sorbed fraction (F1) and the residual fraction (F5). However, the proportion of F1 to the total As in 2017 was higher than that in 2016, while the proportion of As in the amorphous and poorly-crystalline hydrous oxides of Fe and Al fraction (F3) in 2017 was lower. The distributions of fraction and bioavailability showed temporal and spatial characteristics. The total concentration and bioavailability of As in SB and IA were significantly higher than those in RA, ST and BG. The BF (Bioavailability Factor) values of As ranged from 0.30 to 0.61. Health risk assessment indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) and carcinogenic risk (CR) of As in PM2.5 significantly decreased after coal-gas replacement.

Spatial–Temporal Heterogeneous Evolution of Haze Pollution in China as Deduced with the Use of Spatial Econometrics

Haze Pollution, consisting essentially of PM2.5 and PM10, has been arousing wide public concern home and abroad. It has become a universal urgency for atmospheric researchers, governments, organizations, institutions, and the general public to conduct corresponding actions. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the institutional distribution and the regional evolution trend of path characteristics of haze pollution in China under the spatial–temporal heterogeneity on the basis of spatial econometrics, by incorporating the spatial element into the framework of the Multiple Influencing Factors mechanism. The results show that it has been abating under the governance year by year, though with a decreasing intensity; the major polluted regions have been moving from the East to the central and western area; there is significant spatial autocorrelation among the highly polluted area, but the effective local regulations of les- polluted regions do not impact the neighboring regions correspondingly; among the impacting factors, industrial structure, energy intensity, and traffic pollution have a significant Positive Impact on haze pollution, and the level of urbanization has a Negative Impact, while economic growth and innovation performance have no significant Positive Impact and are both weak in promotion. This research, theoretically and practically, offers reference for the Chinese government to integrate regional effective systems into multiregional diversified environmental governance, so as to realize its Green Ecology Transformation Development Strategy.

Research Progress of HP Characteristics, Hazards, Control Technologies, and Measures in China after 2013

In recent years, hazy weather (hazy weather (HW) has frequently invaded peoples’ lives in China, resulting in the disturbance of social operation, so it is urgent to resolve the haze pollution (HP) problem. A comprehensive understanding of HP is essential to further effectively alleviate or even eliminate it. In this study, HP characteristics in China, after 2013, were presented. It was found that the situation of HP is getting better year by year while it has been a pattern of high levels in the north and low levels in the south. In most regions of China, the contribution of a secondary source for HP is relatively large, and that of traffic is greater in the regions with rapid economic development. Hazards of HP were then summarized. Not only does HP cause harm to human health, but it also has effects on human production and quality of life, furthermore, property and atmospheric environment cannot be ignored. Next, the source and non-source control technologies of HP were first reviewed to recognize the weakness of HP control in China. This review provides more systematic information about HP problems and the future development directions of HP research were proposed to further effectively control HP in China.

Asymmetrically Spatial Effects of Urban Scale and Agglomeration on Haze Pollution in China.

Rapid urbanization in China not only promotes the rapid expansion of urban population and economic agglomeration, but also causes the aggravation of haze pollution. In order to better clarify the asymmetric and nonlinear effects of urban scale and agglomeration on haze pollution, this paper quantitatively evaluates the spatial spillover effects of population size and economic agglomeration on haze pollution in 342 Chinese cities from 2001 to 2016 by using exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial econometric model. The results show the following: (1) During the research period, the distribution of urban scale, agglomeration, and haze pollution in China presented complex asymmetrical features, with the former two presenting a “core–periphery” distribution mode, while the latter having a tendency to spread around. In addition, under the influence of urban population size and economic agglomeration, haze pollution in Chinese cities presents significant spatial autocorrelation, with the agglomeration degrees showing a fluctuating upward trend during the study period. (2) Both urban scale and urban agglomeration have positive global spatiotemporal correlation with haze pollution. Local spatial correlation features are more obvious in China’s emerging urban agglomerations like Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei and Yangtze River Delta. (3) The spatial effects of haze pollution are better evaluated by spatial Durbin model (SDM) with spatial fixed effects, obtaining a coefficient of 0.416, indicating haze in neighboring cities affected each other and had significant spillover. By decomposing the effect of urban scale and agglomeration on haze as direct and indirect effects, the direct effect of urban population size and the indirect effect of urban economic agglomeration are found to be more prominent, reflecting that significant asymmetrical characteristics exist in the spatial effects of urban size and agglomeration on urban haze. (4) Among the control variables that affect China’s rapid urbanization, the level of urban economic development has a positive effect on haze pollution, while the high-level industrial structure and improved technical level can effectively reduce haze pollution. Continuous decline of haze concentration of Chinese cities in recent years has been indicating the spatial relationships between haze and urban size and agglomeration have a decoupling trend. The findings contribute to theory by emphasizing the spillover effect and spatial heterogeneities of geographical factors, and have implications for policy makers to deal with haze pollution reasonably and effectively.

Uncertainty analysis of spatiotemporal characteristics of haze pollution from 1961 to 2017 in China

The definition of haze day is still controversial, and there are different data sources for haze data in China. This study analyzes the uncertainty of haze data in China, which is a prerequisite for studying haze trends. The overall trends defined by different approaches were relatively consistent, but the average values were different. The annual number of haze days defined by visibility and relative humidity was higher than the number defined by manual observation. The correlation coefficient between the two datasets for the whole country was 0.92, and ranged from 0.7 to 0.9 for different regions. The similarity between the trends of haze days by different approaches was greater in the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region than in the Southwest Region. Limited impact of relative humidity on the trends of haze days was detected in China and different regions. The influence of station screening was also investigated. Station screening had no effect on the annual average number of haze days and the long-term trend. Based on the above analysis, the haze data defined by visibility and relative humidity were chosen to study the spatial and temporal distributions for China. In terms of seasons, haze days were most frequent in winter and least frequent in summer. Except for the Northwest region, the number of haze days increased noticeably after 1980. Our results can further deepen the understanding of the characteristics of haze pollution, and support the study of the causes of haze pollution in China.

Briquette preparation with biomass binder

ABSTRACT Residential coal combustion is regarded as a major contributor to severe haze pollution in China, and clean briquettes are supported as a way of reducing emissions. In this study, Shendong coal (SC) and a composite binder made from maize straw (MS) were used to prepare a briquette with higher combustion characteristics and lower pollution emissions by using a newly designed method. Thermochemistry and emission characteristics of samples were studied by using a thermogravimetric analyzer and a tube combustion experimental system, respectively. The results showed that for a 20% biomass mass fraction with <0.5 mm particle size, biomass treatment with alkali agents or the addition of a sulfur-fixing agent resulted in significantly reduced SO2 emission; however, molding the sample increased total SO2 emissions, particularly in the early stages. NO emission decreased markedly with biomass, alkali-treatment or the addition of a sulfur-fixing agent. However, NO emission increased when the biomass had a particle size of 0.5–2 mm and when the sample was molded.

Trade liberalization and haze pollution: Evidence from China

Abstract This paper investigates the impacts of trade liberalization on haze pollution using the panel data for 279 Chinese prefecture-level cities during 2007–2016. The relationship of trade liberalization and haze pollution in China was firstly analyzed by using the impulse response function and forecast-error variance decomposition method based on a bivariate vector autoregression model. The results show that trade liberalization is negatively correlated with haze pollution, and the contribution of trade liberalization to the variance of haze pollution exceeds 70% over time. The impact of trade liberalization on haze pollution is further examined applying the two-way fixed effect methods and spatial lag models, concluding that the liberalization of trade has significantly reduced haze pollution. Through mediation effect method, we have found that the haze reduction effect of trade liberalization lies in that the positive influence of technology effect on reducing haze pollution has exceeded the negative influence of scale effect and composition effect on increasing haze pollution. Therefore, in general, trade liberalization has remarkably mitigated haze pollution. The conclusions of this paper will provide a reference for the haze pollution reduction policies and the coordinated development of economic growth and environmental quality.

Effects of urban sprawl on haze pollution in China based on dynamic spatial Durbin model during 2003–2016

Abstract As one of the undesirable outcomes in the process of urbanization and industrialization, haze pollution in China would undoubtedly be affected by urban sprawl. Hence, studying the effects of urban sprawl on haze pollution at the national level has great theoretical and practical meanings for the sustainable development of Chinese cities in the long run. Based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level and above cities during 2003–2016, this paper has tried to employ a dynamic spatial Durbin model under the space-and-time fixed effect to analysis how haze pollution is affected by urban sprawl in China. The results revealed that the relationship between urban sprawl and haze pollution shows a U-shaped curve in large cities but an inverted U-shaped curve in small and medium-sized cities, which provides a clear evidence for the spatial shift risk of haze pollution caused by urban sprawl amongst different sizes of cities. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal dependences have significantly deteriorated the haze pollution in China, while the spatiotemporal dependence has to some extent inhibited the concentration of haze pollution, thus the effective control of haze pollution should rely on the joint governance in space and the cyclic accumulation in time simultaneously.

Exploring the Spatial Variation Characteristics and Influencing Factors of PM2.5 Pollution in China: Evidence from 289 Chinese Cities

Haze pollution has become an urgent environmental problem due to its impact on the environment as well as human health. PM2.5 is one of the core pollutants which cause haze pollution in China. Existing studies have rarely taken a comprehensive view of natural environmental conditions and socio-economic factors to figure out the cause and diffusion mechanism of PM2.5 pollution. This paper selected both natural environmental conditions (precipitation (PRE), wind speed (WIN), and terrain relief (TR)) and socio-economic factors (human activity intensity of land surface (HAILS), the secondary industry's proportion (SEC), and the total particulate matter emissions of motor vehicles (VE)) to analyze the effects on the spatial variation of PM2.5 concentrations. Based on the spatial panel data of 289 cities in China in 2015, we used spatial statistical methods to visually describe the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 pollution; secondly, the spatial agglomeration state of PM2.5 pollution was characterized by Moran’s I; finally, several regression models were used to quantitatively analyze the correlation between PM2.5 pollution and the selected explanatory variables. Results from this paper confirm that in 2015, most cities in China suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution, and only 17.6% of the sample cities were up to standard. The spatial agglomeration characteristics of PM2.5 pollution in China were particularly significant in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Results from the global regression models suggest that WIN exerts the most significant effects on decreasing PM2.5 concentration (p &lt; 0.01), while VE is the most critical driver of increasing PM2.5 concentration (p &lt; 0.01). Results from the local regression model show reliable evidence that the relation between PM2.5 concentrations and the explanatory variables varied differently over space. VE is the most critical factor that influences PM2.5 concentrations, which means controlling motor vehicle pollutant emissions is an effective measure to reduce PM2.5 pollution in Chinese cities.

Fraction distribution of arsenic in different-sized atmospheric particulate matters.

The sequential extraction method was used to determine the fraction of arsenic (As) in different-sized particulate matters (PMs) (i.e., PM2.5, PM10, and total suspended particles (TSP)). Samples were collected from Baoding, a typical medium-sized city with the serious haze pollution in China. The bioavailabilities of As in the samples were estimated based on the fraction results. A large percentage of fine particles were detected in TSP, with the average PM2.5/PM10 and PM10/TSP ratios all above 0.69. The total concentrations of As in PM2.5, PM10, and TSP samples were in the range of 4.5-296.4, 14.1-708.0, and 32.8-798.0ngm-3, respectively. The mass percentages of As in PM2.5, PM2.5-10, and PM10-100 were calculated; the results indicated that As tended to concentrate in fine particles. PM-bound As mainly presented in the nonspecifically sorbed fraction (F1) during all of the sampling periods. The percentages of F1-As and bioavailability of As were higher in PM2.5, followed by PM10 and TSP. By contrast, the residual fraction (F5-As) contents declined in the order of TSP > PM10 > PM2.5. Significant differences in the speciation and bioavailability of As in different-sized PMs were found, and the influence of particle size on the speciation and bioavailability of As in PMs was verified. Fine particles adsorbed more Aswith higher bioavailability, and potentially led to more serious adverse effects on human health than the larger ones.

Using three-sided dynamic game model to study regional cooperative governance of haze pollution in China from a government heterogeneity perspective

This paper constructs a three-sided dynamic game model of the regional cooperative governance of haze pollution in China from a government heterogeneity perspective. By analysing the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium from game theory, this study explores the feasible mechanisms and the necessary conditions to establish a cooperative model, as well as effective ways for Superior Government to improve administrative efficiency. As evidenced in the results, due to the heterogeneity of governments and “free-riding” behaviours, a stable cooperative model cannot be spontaneously generated between two heterogeneous local governments, so the Superior Government is compelled to supervise the two parties and punish the non-cooperative ones. At the same time, the Superior Government can improve the efficiency of the supervision mechanism by increasing the penalty for non-cooperative parties and reducing the conflict cost when local governments are non-cooperative. The biggest innovation of this paper is to describe efficiency from the perspective of probability. The probability is calculated by the ratio of input to output. If the output—stable cooperation between local governments—is constant, then the less input—the cost of supervision, the higher the efficiency of the mechanism.

Is water vapor a key player of the wintertime haze in North China Plain?

Abstract. Water vapor has been proposed to amplify the severe haze pollution in China by enhancing the aerosol–radiation feedback (ARF). Observations have revealed that the near-surface PM2.5 concentrations ([PM2.5]) generally exhibit an increasing trend with relative humidity (RH) in the North China Plain (NCP) during 2015 wintertime, indicating that the aerosol liquid water (ALW) caused by hygroscopic growth could play an important role in the PM2.5 formation and accumulation. Simulations during a persistent and heavy haze pollution episode from 5 December 2015 to 4 January 2016 in the NCP were conducted using the WRF-Chem Model to comprehensively quantify contributions of the ALW effect to near-surface [PM2.5]. The WRF-Chem Model generally performs reasonably well in simulating the temporal variations in RH against measurements in the NCP. The factor separation approach (FSA) was used to evaluate the contribution of the ALW effect on the ARF, photochemistry, and heterogeneous reactions to [PM2.5]. The ALW not only augments particle sizes to enhance aerosol backward scattering but also increases the effective radius to favor aerosol forward scattering. The contribution of the ALW effect on the ARF and photochemistry to near-surface [PM2.5] is not significant, being generally within 1.0 µg m−3 on average in the NCP during the episode. Serving as an excellent substrate for heterogeneous reactions, the ALW substantially enhances the secondary aerosol (SA) formation, with an average contribution of 71 %, 10 %, 26 %, and 48 % to near-surface sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, and secondary organic aerosol concentrations. Nevertheless, the SA enhancement due to the ALW decreases the aerosol optical depth and increases the effective radius to weaken the ARF, reducing near-surface primary aerosols. The contribution of the ALW total effect to near-surface [PM2.5] is 17.5 % on average, which is overwhelmingly dominated by enhanced SA. Model sensitivities also show that when the RH is less than 80 %, the ALW progressively increases near-surface [PM2.5] but commences to decrease when the RH exceeds 80 % due to the high occurrence frequencies of precipitation.

Regional differences in spatial spillover and hysteresis effects: A theoretical and empirical study of environmental regulations on haze pollution in China

Haze pollution in China has increased the incidence of carcinogenesis, pathogenicity, and premature death. The challenge is to control it sustainably through environmental regulations (ERs), rather than a temporary “political blue sky.” The need to investigate the relationship between ERs and haze pollution, especially regional differences in ER spatial spillover and hysteresis effects on haze pollution, is urgent. Based on our proposed analytical framework, ER impact mechanisms on haze pollution were developed and empirically tested by static and dynamic spatial panel data models with province-level panel data from 2005 to 2015 in China. The results show that: (i) significant spatial autocorrelation exists for ERs and haze pollution, forming different aggregation clusters with dynamic evolution; (ii) ERs have strong spatial spillover and hysteresis effects on haze pollution; (iii) regional differences in spatial spillover effects verify that ERs show a linear growth relationship with haze pollution in the eastern region, an inverted “U-shaped” curve in the western region, and are ineffective in the central region; (iv) the hysteresis effect enhances ER effectiveness in the eastern region but weakens it in the western region. These findings will be of great significance for differentiated government-implemented management measures.

What is the health cost of haze pollution? Evidence from China.

Haze pollution has become a serious threat to the health of residents and has brought about considerable economic costs. The objectives of this study are to examine the relationship between haze pollution and residents' health and to estimate the health cost of haze pollution. Using macro data on 74 major Chinese cities, this study employs a static panel data model and a dynamic panel generalized method of moments model to investigate the impact of haze pollution on the mortality of residents. On the basis of the estimation results, the value of a statistical life (VOSL) method is used to evaluate the economic cost of haze pollution on residents' health. In 74 major cities of China, an increase in concentration of PM2.5 pollutants by 1μg/m3 may cause the mortality rate to rise by 25 per million people. The VOSL of haze pollution in China is about 1.53 million yuan. The health cost of residents from haze in 74 major cities of China in 2016 was about 888 billion yuan, equivalent to about 2% of the these cities' GDP. Haze pollution has serious damage to the health of urban residents and therefore brings about considerable economic losses.

How Industrial Transfer Processes Impact on Haze Pollution in China: An Analysis from the Perspective of Spatial Effects

Industrial transfer from advanced regions is a good way to foment economic development in less advanced regions. Nevertheless, does industrial transfer intensify or alleviate haze pollution? To answer this question, this study employed the shift-share method and spatial panel models to explore how industrial transfer processes impact haze pollution in the case of China. The main results are as follows: (1) With the advances made in industrial transfer and upgrading, China has entered the stage of decoupling between the economic development level and haze pollution. (2) Industrial transfer could effectively alleviate the degree of haze pollution in the transferred-out areas, but it would have a significant accelerating effect on haze pollution in the transferred-in areas. Compared with non-polluting industries, polluting industries would be responsible for a large deterioration in the local air quality. (3) Environmental regulations, as the main factor mitigating environmental pollution, do not achieve the desired effects and significantly reduce the regional pollution levels that led to haze. Therefore, the effects of industrial transfer should also be comprehensively considered in government of undertake regions. There would likely be great economic costs if the old path of “pollution first and treatment later” is followed. This study not only advances the existing literature, but also is of considerable interest to policy makers.

2000-2015年中国PM2.5浓度时空分布特征及其城乡差异

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 2000-2015年中国PM2.5浓度时空分布特征及其城乡差异 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201712142251 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,河南财经政法大学资源与环境学院;河南财经政法大学资源与环境学院,中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目（71734006，71533004）；国家重点研发计划资助（2016YFC0502800） Spatio-temporal distribution characteristic of PM2.5 concentration and the difference of PM2.5 concentration between urban areas and rural areas in China from 2000 to 2015 Author: Affiliation: Research center for Eco-Environmental Sciences，Chinese Academy of Sciences,,State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,CAS;China Fund Project: National Key Research and Development Program；National Natural Science Foundation of China 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:近40年来，中国快速经济发展引发较为严重的大气污染，PM2.5是一种重要的空气污染物，掌握其时空分布规律是对其进行防治的重要前提。基于遥感反演出的PM2.5浓度数据集，研究了中国2000-2015年PM2.5浓度的时空分布特征，并基于界定的1376个城镇城区及对应乡村的边界分析了每年PM2.5浓度值的城乡差异，用线性趋势分析法计算城镇PM2.5浓度的年际变化速率及显著性。结果表明，研究期内，PM2.5浓度高于35 μg/m3的面积比例由18.58%增加至32.03%，低于15 μg/m3的面积从43.92%减少到25.12%。PM2.5污染最严重的地区分布在塔里木盆地、河北南部、河南北部和山东西部。从2000年到2015年，中国绝大多数城镇PM2.5浓度显著增加，尤其是在东北平原、太行山以东的河北省西南部、燕山以南的北京天津及河北唐山、鲁中南山地丘陵及周围平原地区、华北平原江苏省北部。PM2.5城乡差异在河北省、山西省两条东北-西南向S形条带区域、浙江省-福建省条带及天山北部绿洲区域较大。研究对PM2.5高浓度区域、PM2.5浓度增长较快区域以及城区PM2.5浓度对乡村影响较大区域进行图示，为中国进一步控制雾霾污染提供一定科学依据。 Abstract:The rapid economic development has caused serious air pollution in the past 40 years. PM2.5 is one of main air pollutants, examination of its spatial and temporal distribution is an important prerequisite for its prevention and control. Based on remote-derived PM2.5 concentration date set, this study explored the spatio-temporal distribution characteristic of PM2.5 concentration in China from 2000 to 2015, and analyzed the annual difference of PM2.5 concentration between urban areas and corresponding rural areas of 1376 towns according to their boundary. Furthermore, we calculated the rate and significance of interannual variation of PM2.5 concentration for each town using linear trend analysis method. The results showed that the proportion of area with PM2.5 concentration higher than 35 μg/m3 increased from 18.58% to 32.03%, and lower than 15 μg/m3 decreased from 43.92% to 25.12% during the study period. The most severely polluted areas were located in Tarim Basin, south of Hebei Province, north of Henan Province, and west of Shandong Province. In addition, PM2.5 concentration increased significantly in most towns in China from 2000 to 2015, especially in the Northeast Plain, southwest of Hebei Province located to the east of Taihang Mountain, Beijing, Tianjin, Tangshan located to the south of Yanshan Mountain, Mountains and Hills in central and south of Shandong Province and the surrounding Plains, and north of Jiangsu Province in North China Plain. The difference of PM2.5 concentration between urban areas and rural areas is large in two northeast-southwest S-shaped belts in Hebei and Shanxi Province, Zhejiang-Fujian Province belt, and oasis area located to the north of Tianshan Mountain. In this study, we identified the area with high PM2.5 concentration, high rate of increase of PM2.5 concentration, and intense effect of urban areas on surrounding rural areas, providing some scientific basis to further control the haze pollution in China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Application of geographically weighted regression (GWR) in the analysis of the cause of haze pollution in China

Haze pollution is an increasingly serious problem in China. Based on the PM2.5 data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China, we combine the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology (STIRPAT) model and environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and use a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method to evaluate the effects of different factors influencing haze pollution in different regions. Nighttime light data from NOAA was used in place of gross domestic product (GDP) in a robustness test. From a global analysis perspective, the EKC is established, and the inflection point is approximately 40000 yuan per capita; however, the GWR estimate is better than the ordinary least squares (OLS) estimate with an improvement in R2 from 0.20 to 0.75. The GWR estimation results show that different environmental protection inputs have different effects in different regions: 1. Technical inputs tend to increase productivity rather than reduce emissions in most areas except Guangdong and Jiangsu. 2. The industrial output values in Guangxi and Yunnan have a greater impact on pollution than those in other regions. 3. In the central and eastern regions with dense populations, comprehensive public transportation can effectively reduce haze pollution. In terms of environmental protection measures, park green areas can reduce pollution, and due to the current status of industrial waste recovery in China, increasing the recovery rate of industrial waste is not conducive to reducing pollution. This article analyzes different causes of haze in different regions and provides suggestions for implementing different environmental policies in different regions.