Abstract
In recent years, hazy weather (hazy weather (HW) has frequently invaded peoples’ lives in China, resulting in the disturbance of social operation, so it is urgent to resolve the haze pollution (HP) problem. A comprehensive understanding of HP is essential to further effectively alleviate or even eliminate it. In this study, HP characteristics in China, after 2013, were presented. It was found that the situation of HP is getting better year by year while it has been a pattern of high levels in the north and low levels in the south. In most regions of China, the contribution of a secondary source for HP is relatively large, and that of traffic is greater in the regions with rapid economic development. Hazards of HP were then summarized. Not only does HP cause harm to human health, but it also has effects on human production and quality of life, furthermore, property and atmospheric environment cannot be ignored. Next, the source and non-source control technologies of HP were first reviewed to recognize the weakness of HP control in China. This review provides more systematic information about HP problems and the future development directions of HP research were proposed to further effectively control HP in China.
Highlights
According to the definition given by China Meteorological Administration [1], fog is a common weather phenomenon, and haze refers to a turbidity phenomenon caused by unexplained large amounts of particulates in suspension such as smoke and dust, whose core material is suspendedPM in the atmosphere, besides, the formation of hazy weather (HW) is closely linked to the relative humidity in the atmosphere
The formation of HW needs to satisfy two basic conditions: the first is the source that can continuously transport sufficient PM to the atmosphere; the second is the meteorological conditions that are unfavorable to the diffusion and dilution of these PM and make them suspended at low altitude and near the ground, which can provide favorable conditions for the formation of secondary pollution sources and the interaction between chemical species with meteorology [35,36,37]
Black carbon (BC) aerosols can induce heating in the planetary boundary layer (PBL), in the upper PBL, which can depress the development of PBL as the resulting decreased surface heat flux substantially, the occurrences of extreme haze pollution episodes were enhanced [44,45]
Summary
According to the definition given by China Meteorological Administration [1], fog is a common weather phenomenon, and haze refers to a turbidity phenomenon caused by unexplained large amounts of particulates in suspension such as smoke and dust, whose core material is suspended. (2) describing threats and hazards of haze pollutants to human beings and the environment; (3) reviewing the main prevention, control technologies, and measures of HP in China at present; and (4) discussing the development direction of HP related research. In this way, it can provide a scientific basis for further solving HP and related research in China
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