Hazardous Substances Research Articles

Collaborative efforts of the Joint Action PreventNCD and the WHO Europe to protect children from harmful marketing

Abstract Control and counter the effects of advertisements and online marketing is one of the policy actions that will be explored within the JA Prevent NCD that has the overall aim to “reduce the burden of cancer and other NCDs and common risk factors, both at a personal and societal level, and support member states by taking a holistic approach for the prevention of cancer and other NCDs, through coordinated action”. The work that will be building on the JA Best-ReMaP sustainability framework recommendations to improve the effective implementation of policies to reduce harmful marketing of unhealthy food, would at the same time comprehensively address also tobacco and alcohol maketing. Thirteen different countries are involved in the work package on regulation and taxation that has the overall objective to “improve compliance, coherence, wider implementation and enforcement of fiscal and regulative measures targeting major NCD-risks factors.” This includes a broad range of tasks from mapping existing policies and frameworks, accumulating knowledge on health taxes and fiscal policies, promoting the use of joint nutrient profile models, assessing the impact of labelling on products to create healthier behaviors, supporting the implementation of policies to reduce the impact of harmful marketing, strengthening regulations towards hazardous substances and developing monitoring indicators for policies for prevention of NCD. An overview of the concrete collaborative actions to support the implementation of the marketing regulation will be given: (1) on JA work with the MSs and especially presidency countries, to allow for the discussions on the development of the EU regulation for reduction of the harmful marketing; (2) on the EU stakeholders positions regarding marketing regulation; (3) on the collaborative actions in scaling up the KidAd app. (5) the development of an algorithm to detect alcohol, tobacco and nicotine-containing products will be jointly developed and piloted.

Occupational exposure to nickel or hexavalent chromium and the risk of lung cancer (SYNERGY)

Abstract Background Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and nickel (Ni) are known occupational carcinogens, with frequent exposures, for example, in welding-related activities. However, limited evidence exists on the exposure-response relationship of Cr(VI) or Ni with lung-cancer risk. We estimated lung-cancer risks based on quantitative indices of occupational exposure to each metal, and their interaction with smoking habits. Methods Fourteen case-control studies from Europe and Canada (16,901 cases, 20,965 control subjects) were pooled. A measurement-based job-exposure matrix was used to estimate year- and region-specific exposure levels for Cr(VI) and Ni, which were linked to the study subjects’ occupational histories. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated, adjusting for study, age group, smoking, and exposure to other occupational lung carcinogens. Results The OR for the highest quartile (>99.5 μg/m3-years) of cumulative exposure to Cr(VI) in men was 1.32 (95% CI 1.19-1.47) and for nickel (highest quartile >78.1 μg/m3-years) OR = 1.29 (95% CI 1.15-1.45). Corresponding effect estimates in women were slightly lower. The joint effects of Cr(VI) and nickel with smoking were generally greater than additive. Conclusions We observed positive exposure-response relationships in the low-dose range of Cr(VI) and Ni exposures, based on a large study population including detailed information on smoking habits and a measurement-based job-exposure matrix. Although, we cannot rule out a combined classical measurement and Berkson error structure that may have caused bias in our risk estimates, our results provide empirical evidence to further specify preventive measures at the workplace in order to protect workers from hazardous substances. Key messages • Relatively low cumulative levels of occupational exposure to Cr(VI) and Ni were associated with increased ORs for lung cancer, particularly in men. • Important empirical insights for the prevention of cancer at the workplace can be drawn from the results.

Artificial sport surfaces and adverse effects for human health. A literature review

Abstract The management of the Post-Consumer Tyres (PCTs) is still a hot topic. In 2021, the 27 EU Member States plus Norway, Switzerland, and the UK discarded 4,200 Ktons of PCTs. The main application of the rubber granules obtained from their recycling is represented by infill material in synthetic turf playgrounds. These widespread installations have become fundamental tools for the promotion of physical activity, especially among children. However, this material is in the spotlight for the presence in its composition of hazardous substances and for the small size of granules, which the European Commission classified as “microplastics”. This review aims to clarify the scientific knowledge, focusing on the assessment of the bio-accessibility/availability of hazardous chemicals and the risk assessment for users. Eligible articles reporting original data were identified in CAB Direct, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The included articles (preliminary results) variously demonstrated the presence of PAHs, metals, volatile organic compounds, and phthalates in artificial biofluids (n = 9 articles). The risk assessment for these toxicants and the potential cancer risk induction (n = 19), revealed a risk for users from absent or negligible to potential, according to the exposure scenario considered and the relative assumptions, the contaminants, the exposure route, the age of the pitch, and characteristics of the rubber granules such as origin, concentration of the different toxicants, and particle size. The assessment of the potential hazard due to the exposure to artificial sports surfaces is anything but simple. Indeed, the crumb rubber compositions may vary in different settings and over time and can be variously influenced by the climate and environmental conditions, making it difficult to quantify the possible health effects, as well as the specific mixture, the quantities, and sources responsible for them (Funded by LIFE20 GIE FR 282 - RE-PLAN CITY LIFE). Key messages • The bioccessibility of PAHs, metals, volatile organic compounds, and phthalates included in the infill material composition was variously demonstrated in literature. • The assessment of the potential risks due to the exposure to synthetic turf, revealed a risk from negligible to potential, according to the exposure scenario considered and the relative assumptions.

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Trace Mancozeb Detection: A Step Toward the Prevention of Reproductive Disorders Caused by this Hazardous Substance

Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Sensors for Trace Mancozeb Detection: A Step Toward the Prevention of Reproductive Disorders Caused by this Hazardous Substance

Composite Risk Assessment of HNS Discharged from Marine Industrial Facilities: A Case Study on Incheon Port, South Korea

This study conducted a composite risk assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of phenol, a Hazardous and Noxious Substance (HNS) released or leaked from port facilities. The study area was designated as the vicinity of Incheon Port, South Korea, where the volume of petrochemical-related materials is substantial and various industrial facilities are located. For the composite risk assessment, various vulnerability maps were developed, incorporating the dispersion range of phenol calculated through numerical modeling. The vulnerability maps were generated by classifying socio-environment, legally protected areas, habitats, and species, followed by integrating these individual vulnerability maps to construct an integrated vulnerability map. The composite risk assessment was conducted by considering both the integrated vulnerability map and the dispersion range of phenol. The assessment results indicated that the highest risk by depth was observed in the lower layers due to the settling characteristics of phenol. Spatially, areas where islands and coastlines converge exhibited relatively higher risks. This was attributed to the high concentrations of phenol released from industrial facilities, such as crude oil refineries, petrochemical plants, and organic compound manufacturers, in regions characterized by intense human activity, sensitive habitats, and legally protected areas. Continuous monitoring of these high-risk areas is crucial for assessing the environmental impacts of HNS substances like phenol.

Development and Characterization of Thermal Protection Gels for Steel Pipelines Transporting Combustible Materials

Due to low costs, pipelines are commonly used for transporting hazardous substances such as combustible liquids and gasses. Currently, chemical industrial parks and gas production stations have dense pipeline networks. In the case of a pipeline leakage and subsequent fire accident, the adjacent pipelines could be directly impinged by the flame or engulfed in hot smoke, with the potential to result in a chain of accidents and catastrophic consequences. It is thus of practical importance to develop an efficient thermal protection material for pipelines. In this study, a new type of bio-based gel material was prepared for pipeline thermal protection, using guar gum (GG) as the gelling agent, sodium tetraborate (B) as the crosslinking agent and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) as the fire retardant. Firstly, orthogonal experiments were conducted to examine the gelling time of the gel and determine the optimal formulations that meet the protection requirements. Subsequently, water retention, thermal stability and the microstructure of these formulations were analyzed. Finally, the thermal protection performance of the gel formulations was evaluated under the direct impingement of flames or high-temperature smoke. The results indicated that the best performance was achieved by the formulation with GG, B and MgCl2 mass fractions of 2.5, 0.6 and 0.5 wt%, respectively. This formulation also exhibited the best water retention capacity and thermal stability. In the pipeline thermal protection experiments, this formulation achieved effective protection times of 216 s (for a 90 mm diameter) and 312 s (for a 120 mm diameter) for the lower part of the pipeline under direct flame impingement. Under high-temperature smoke impingement, this formulation also showed excellent performance. These research and findings can provide an important foundation for the further development of thermal protection materials for pipelines under fire conditions.

Seasonal variations of vitamins A, E and carotenoids in eelpout (Zoarces viviparus) from a Danish fjord, in relation to reproductive cycle

Retinoids (vitamin A) and tocopherols (vitamin E) are essential for key biological functions in vertebrates, including cell growth, cell death and differentiation, embryonic development, reproduction and vision. In fish, however, much less is known about the retinoid functions, although retinoic acid has been shown to be involved in embryonic development. In this study, we quantified the levels of different retinoids, carotenoids and vitamin E in various tissues of both adult and embryos of the viviparous fish eelpout (Zoarces viviparus). Our results demonstrate clear seasonal differences in the levels of these vitamins in the liver of the female fish as well as in its ovarian tissues, eggs and/or embryos. Overall, this study is a baseline assessment and describes the annual variations in the vitamin status by comparing the tissue distribution of retinoids, carotenoids and vitamin E. This baseline study investigates the natural background levels of these compounds and relates their seasonal fluctuations to the reproductive cycle in the viviparous eelpout. The results of this study strengthen the current evidence base necessary to understand retinoid pathways during fish development. This understanding is crucial for utilizing retinoid composition in fish as a biological response to exposure to environmental pollution with hazardous substances in the marine environment.

Green Gold: Using Bacteria to Extract Valuable Metals from E-Waste

The rapid proliferation of electronic devices has led to a substantial increase in electronic waste (e- waste), which contains valuable metals and hazardous substances. Traditional recycling methods, reliant on chemical processes, are often inefficient and environmentally damaging. This study investigates bioleaching, a process that employs bacteria to extract metals from e-waste, as a more sustainable alternative. By utilizing bacteria such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, bioleaching promises to recover valuable metals like gold, silver, and copper while minimizing environmental harm. The research focuses on optimizing bacterial strains and environmental conditions to enhance metal recovery rates and reduce processing times. A comparative analysis with traditional recycling methods highlights bioleaching’s potential benefits and challenges. The study also examines the feasibility of scaling bioleaching for industrial applications and assesses its overall environmental impact. Findings suggest that bioleaching could offer an eco-friendly solution to e-waste management, contributing to more sustainable recycling practices and resource conservation.

A review of environmental and health effects of synthetic cosmetics

The use of cosmetic products is expanding globally, and with it, so is the range of chemical substances employed in their production. As a result, there is also a higher risk of intoxication, allergic reactions, prolonged chemical exposure, adverse effects, and indiscriminate use. Cosmetic products can contain more than 10,000 ingredients. Most users of synthetic cosmetics are unaware of the harmful effects if they even are. However, it is linked to many diseases like cancer, congenital disabilities, reproductive impairments, developmental systems, contact dermatitis, hair loss, lung damage, old age, skin diseases and reactions, allergies, and harm to human nails. Many beauty products also create a high demand for natural oils, leading to extensive and intensive cultivation, harming natural habitats through deforestation, and contaminating soil and water through pesticides and fertilizers. The adverse effects of hazardous substances in synthetic cosmetics extend beyond human health and influence ecosystems, air quality, and oceans. Thus, this review aims to assess the environmental and health impacts of cosmetics using published scientific articles. The study used a systematic review based on Scopus, Science Direct, Web databases, Scholar Google, and PubMed. The results of this review showed that the formulation of cosmetics until the disposal of their containers could adversely affect environmental and human health.

Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea under Croatian Law

The quantity and volume of hazardous and noxious substances transported by ships as cargo have been increasing markedly. The trend is anticipated to persist and even accelerate in the Adriatic Sea due to the expansion of port infrastructure. Concomitantly with this expansion, the probability of incidents involving these substances, which have the potential to cause significant damage, is also on the rise. At present, the Republic of Croatia lacks the specific legal framework that would provide a comprehensive legal basis for liability, prompt, and adequate compensation for damage to persons and property, liability for clean-up, and reinstatement measure costs, and economic losses resulting from the transportation of such substances by sea. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the provisions of Croatian law that regulate liability and compensation in the event of such an accident. The analysis demonstrates the deficiencies of fragmented approach. Moreover, the paper examines the stipulations of the International Convention on Liability and Compensation for Damage in Connection with the Carriage of Hazardous and Noxious Substances by Sea of 2010, and the prospective advantages of its ratification. These include double-tier liability, a special regime of limitation of liability, compulsory insurance of liability and the right to direct action. In consideration of Croatia's maritime and tourist-oriented economy, the authors highlight the country's substantial interest in not only the ratification of the 2010 HNS Convention and paving the way to its entry into force, but also in amendments to the Croatian Maritime Code in that respect.

Characteristics of thermal smoke temperature and CO hazardous substance in tunnel fires: A review

Characteristics of thermal smoke temperature and CO hazardous substance in tunnel fires: A review

Preparation of Microelectrolysis Filler Using Coal Slag for the Removal of Hazardous Substances in Contaminated Water.

Presently, the utilization of gasification slag in the context of wastewater treatment is constrained. Furthermore, the presence of dye wastewater and wastewater containing hazardous metals represents a significant threat to human health. Accordingly, the present study prepared a microelectrolytic filler (MF) from gasification slag via a high-temperature roasting method and evaluated its degradation performance in water containing organic matter and harmful metal ions. The impact of varying preparation conditions, including initial solution pH and MF dose, on the degradation process was examined. The removal of methyl blue was found to be 92.21% at an initial pH of 2, a reaction time of 300 min and a dosage of 40 g L-1. The removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) metal ions was 97.32, 96.58, and 99.38%, respectively, at an initial pH of 4, a reaction time of 180 min, and a dosage of 10 g L-1. Following five cycles, the MF process demonstrated continued efficacy in the removal of dyes and heavy metals from the wastewater. A mechanistic analysis revealed that the water treatment process is not a single adsorption process. Instead, it was found that organic macromolecules undergo chain-breaking reactions, while heavy metal ions undergo redox reactions. The wastewater treatment process comprises a number of distinct strategies, including electrochemical reactions, adsorption, flocculation, and precipitation. These findings illustrate the potential of a gasification slag green recycling approach to treat waste with waste, in alignment with the principles of sustainable development.

Sustainable di-functional stimuli-responsive imprinted nanozymes for reversible colorimetric sensing of tetracycline

Regenerable nanozymes with high catalytic specificity and sustainability may serve as substitutes for naturally occurring enzymes, but their application is hindered by inadequate and nonselective catalytic activity. In this study, we constructed a photo-responsive molecularly imprinted layer on the Fe3O4 nanozyme surface (P-MIPs) using an ATRP method and obtained high-specificity reversible colorimetric sensing of tetracycline (TC). Due to the photo-responsive properties of P-MIPs, the imprinted nanozyme undergoes reversible release and uptake of TC under alternating irradiation at 365/440 nm based on the photo-regulated conformational transformation of the 4-[(4-methacryloyloxy)phenylazo] benzenesulfonic acid (MAPASA) at the polymer receptor sites, which may be confirmed by calculating the electron densities of the trans-/cis-MAPASA forms. Simultaneously, these processes can be visualized through the change in the color of the substrates. Highly specific P-MIPs-based nanozyme also exhibit adequate stability and sustainable catalytic activity after multiple cycles. This method can be used to achieve nanozymes with high selectivity for the enrichment, separation, and detection of hazardous substances and contribute to material sustainability.

Plasmonic Nanocubes with a Controllable "Crescent Arc" Facet: Tunable Hotspot Engineering for Highly Reliable and Sensitive SERS Detection.

The fine control of the nanogap and morphology of metal nanoparticles (NPs) has always been an obstacle, hindering the development and application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) quantitative detection. Here, Au/4-mercaptobenzoic acid@Ag@Au-Ag bimetal core-shell nanocubes (NCs) with a "crescent arc" facet (C-Au/4MBA@Ag NCs) as a highly reliable and sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering SERS substrate is proposed for the first time. The bifunctional internal standard (IS) molecules (4MBA) govern the morphology of metal shells to maintain cubic configuration and provide calibration for SERS signals' flotation. In parallel, the controllable curvature of the C-Au/4MBA@Ag NCs is directly modulated by adjusting the relative rates of the galvanic replacement and co-reduction reaction, which generates a controllable interparticle nanogap to offer large depositing spaces for analytes and improve authoritative SERS signals' enhancement. The proposed C-Au/4MBA@Ag NCs exhibit an enhancement factor of up to 4.8 × 1010 and contribute to the ultralow RSD (7.9%). These C-Au/4MBA@Ag NCs also enable the detection of hazardous pesticide residues such as methamidophos and thiram in herbal plants with a complex matrix, with an average detection accuracy of up to 96%. In summary, this study achieves a fine control strategy of the "crescent arc" surface for improving SERS performance and explores the practical application potential for accurate and sensitive Raman detection of hazardous substances.

Near-infrared-driven dual-photoelectrode photoelectrochemical sensing for fumonisin B1: Integrating a photon up-conversion bio-photocathode with an enhanced light-capturing photoanode

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), the most prevalent and highly toxic mycotoxin within the fumonisins family, poses threats to humans, especially in children and infants, even at trace levels. Therefore, it is essential to design an easy and sensitive detection strategy. Herein, a brand-new dual-photoelectrode photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform for FB1 detection under near-infrared irradiation was unveiled. This platform integrated a photon up-conversion bio-photocathode substrate (UCNPs/Au/CuInS2, UCNPs: NaYF4: Yb3+, Er3+, Nd3+) and used a SnO2/SnS2@Bi/Bi2S3 heterojunction photoanode to greatly enhance light capture. Additionally, ZnO coated with polydopamine (ZnO@PDA) was utilized as a signal inhibitor. The restoration of photocurrent occurred due to the strong binding affinity between FB1 and its aptamer (FB1-Apt), facilitating the dissociation of FB1-Apt/ZnO@PDA from the photoelectrode. The PEC sensing performance and the electron transfer process were thoroughly examined. The developed “signal-restoration” PEC aptasensor exhibited a wider dynamic linear range from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.0 × 102 ng/mL, with a lower limit of detection (0.13 pg/mL). It has demonstrated excellent practical detection performance in unspiked real samples, such as corn paste, with the FB1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Kit serving as a reference, indicating its potential for routine analysis of other mycotoxins. Thus, this research establishes a feasible dual-photoelectrode PEC framework for the effective detection of mycotoxins and other hazardous substances.

Adolescent mental health services in West Africa: a comparative analysis of Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger

BackgroundAdolescent mental health (AMH) is a critical issue worldwide, particularly in West Africa, where it is intensified by socio-economic, cultural, and security challenges. Insecurity and the presence of mining sites expose adolescents to hazardous environments, substance abuse, and adulterated alcohol, further aggravating their mental health. Despite these severe issues, research on AMH in this region remains limited. This study aims to analyze the provision of AMH services in Burkina Faso, Ghana, and Niger, highlighting the unique challenges these countries face within the broader West African healthcare context.MethodsThe study adopted a multi-stage, stratified sampling design to collect data from primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the three countries. Using STATA.17, Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data related to availability of AMH services, types of mental health disorders treated, resources available, and OPD attendance rates. The analysis also incorporated factors such as the rural-urban divide and the presence of national guidelines for AMH services.ResultsThe findings reveal a significant shortfall in the provision of AMH services across the region, with less than 30% of PHCs across all the countries offering these services. The study also highlights a pronounced rural-urban disparity in AMH service availability, a general absence of national guidelines for AMH care, and low OPD attendance rates.ConclusionThe study highlights the urgent need for comprehensive policy reform and targeted interventions to enhance AMH services in West Africa. Key policy reforms should include the development and implementation of national guidelines for AMH care and integration of AMH services into primary healthcare. Additionally, efforts should focus on capacity building through the training of mental health professionals, increasing public awareness to reduce stigma, and ensuring equitable resource allocation across rural and urban areas. Improving AMH care is essential not only for the well-being of adolescents but also for driving broader socio-economic development in the region.

Revolutionizing Ocean Cleanup: A Portuguese Case Study with Unmanned Vehicles Fighting Spills

It is of the utmost importance for every country to monitor and control maritime pollution within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) has developed and implemented the CleanSeaNet (CSN) satellite monitoring system to aid in the surveillance and control of hydrocarbon and hazardous substance spills in the ocean. This system’s primary objective is to alert European Union (EU) coastal states to potential spills within their EEZs, enabling them to take the necessary legal and operational actions. To reduce operational costs and increase response capability, the feasibility of implementing a national network (NN) of unmanned vehicles (UVs), both surface and aerial, was explored using a Portuguese case study. The following approach and analysis can be easily generalized to other case studies, bringing essential knowledge to the field. Analyzing oil spill alert events in the Portuguese EEZ between 2017 and 2021 and performing a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis, essential information has been proposed for the optimal location of an NN of UVs. The study results demonstrate that integrating spill alerts at sea with UVs may significantly improve response time, costs, and personnel involvement, making maritime pollution combat actions more effective.

Impact of occupational lead exposure on the comprehensive health status of gas cutter workers

BackgroundOccupational exposure to hazardous substances, particularly in involving metal cutting and welding industries, poses critical public health concern. This study assesses the health status of gas cutter workers, focusing on Pb exposure. MethodIn this cross-sectional study, 40 participants with BLL ≥20 μg/dL were recruited from workers engaged in oxy-acetylene metal cutting. These workers were compared to an age-, sex-, and sociodemographic-matched control group (n = 42) from the same workplace. Health assessments including routine clinical and laboratory investigations along with BLL, and markers of calcium homeostasis were carried out. ResultsGas cutters exhibited significantly higher mean systolic BP and elevated SGOT levels, with similar prevalence of respiratory symptoms and musculoskeletal disorders in both groups. No significant differences were found in most hematological, liver, and renal parameters. However, gas cutters had significantly higher PTH levels and lower serum vitamin D levels. Pulmonary function tests indicated significantly reduced FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, FEF25-75 %, and PEFR in gas cutters, as well as markedly higher CRP levels. ConclusionGas cutters experience significant health impacts compared to controls, including elevated systolic BP, impaired pulmonary function, and disturbance in calcium homeostasis due to occupational Pb exposure. Higher CRP levels suggest notable inflammatory responses. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions and regular monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with Pb exposure among gas cutter workers.

GREEN CHEMISTRY EDUCATION

Green chemistry can also be referred to as sustainable chemistry and it is the design of chemical products and processes aimed at less or less the use of hazardous substances. It's about lessening the destructive consequences on the environment and the earth's sustainability (Wale et al., 2023; Mane et al., 2023). This accommodates many principles that outline how to design safer chemical reactions as well as technology and the use of green chemicals (De, 2023; Rathi et al., 2023). Such principles include the elimination or reduction of generation, using renewable raw materials, and the production of safer substances and materials to decrease harm to human health and the environment, according to Nithya and Sathish (2023). Thus, green chemistry's goal is to bring radical changes in industries researching for effective and eco-friendly strategies for the synthesis of materials, including nanomaterials, through employing cost-efficiency and biocompatibility with the help of earth's resources (De, 2023).

A review on recent progress and techniques used for fabricating superhydrophobic coatings derived from biobased materials.

Superhydrophobic coatings with remarkable water repellence have emerged as an increasingly prominent field of research with the growth of the material engineering and coating industries. Superhydrophobic coatings address the requirements of several application areas with characteristics including corrosion resistance, drag reduction, anti-icing, anti-fogging, and self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, the range of applications for superhydrophobic coatings has been substantially broadened by the inclusion of key performance features such as flame retardancy, thermal insulation, resistance to water penetration, UV resistance, transparency, anti-reflection, and many more. Numerous research endeavours have been focused on biomimetic superhydrophobic materials because of their distinct surface wettability. To develop superhydrophobic coatings with a long lifespan, scientists have refined the processes of material preparation and selection. To accomplish water repellency, superhydrophobic coatings are usually fabricated using harmful fluorinated chemicals or synthetic polymers. Utilising materials derived from biomass offers a sustainable alternative that uses renewable resources in order to eliminate the consumption of these hazardous substances. This paper provides an insight of several researches reported on the construction of superhydrophobic coatings using biomass materials such as lignin, cellulose, chitosan and starch along with the techniques used for the constructing superhydrophobic coatings. This study is a useful resource that offers guidance on the selection of various biobased polymers for superhydrophobic coatings tailored to specific applications. The further part of the paper put a light on different application of superhydrophobic coatings employed in various disciplines and the future perspectives of the superhydrophobic coatings.