Hazardous Elements Research Articles

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF ORGANS OF PROMISING SPECIES OF THE GENUS IRIS L. (IRIDACEAE)

Plants of the genus Iris L. are promising medicinal raw materials with significant biological and pharmacological activity. The quality of plant raw materials depends on the accumulation and distribution of potentially hazardous chemical elements in the plant body. The aim of this work was a comparative study of the accumulation and transfer of elements through the organs of plants of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae). The content of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Pb in different parts of I. orientalis, I. pseudacorus, I. sibirica and I. spuria plants was analyzed by atomic absorption. It has been established that in the absence of soil pollution, irises accumulate arsenic in concentrations exceeding the maximum allowable. The accumulation of chromium in the raw material was also above the maximum allowable concentration for a number of study options. The efficiency of element transfer from the soil to the root system varied significantly (bioaccumulation factor 0.2–4.4). Iris rhizomes absorbed nickel most actively. The assimilation ability of the roots is also clearly expressed in relation to Pb, As, Cr, Cu, Mn. Depending on the element, accumulation in leaves is species-specific. The carrying capacity of the peduncle is most pronounced in I. sibirica, the barrier capacity is most pronounced in I. orientalis. Various types of translocation of elements in organs were revealed: acropetal, uniform, basipetal. All studied species are characterized by acropetal distribution of Pb (translocation factor >1) and uniform distribution of Mn. The location of Cd may vary depending on the species. Cu is concentrated in the roots (I. orientalis, I. sibirica, I. spuria) or evenly distributed (I. pseudacorus). The revealed patterns of accumulation and distribution of elements in the organs of plants of the genus Iris make it possible to carry out a prognostic assessment of the quality of raw materials to obtain safe products.

Modified electronic structure of amorphous Mn‐Si‐Te for OTS application: Improved thermal stability by the formation of Mn‐Te bonding

A critical element within the 3D Xpoint architecture is the Ovonic threshold switch (OTS) material, which serves a crucial role as a selector. The development of novel OTS materials devoid of hazardous elements such as As and Se is imperative for mitigating environmental impact. The Si‐Te binary telluride is a representative As/Se‐free OTS material, demonstrating stable switching. However, its thermal stability is insufficient for enduring annealing processes in semiconductor manufacturing. To address this challenge, this study proposes the incorporation of Mn into the Si‐Te alloy. While the introduction of transition metals into chalcogenide glass typically reduces the electrical resistivity, potentially compromising the ON/OFF ratio, the off current for the device containing 26 at.% Mn is observed to be lower than that for the undoped Si‐Te device. Furthermore, the thermal stability of the Mn‐Si‐Te film surpasses that of its pristine counterpart. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory simulations provide evidence of Mn‐Te bonding formation in the Mn‐Si‐Te amorphous alloy, thus suggesting the role of Mn‐Te bonding in enhancing thermal stability. These findings provide a promising avenue for the advancement of novel OTS materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Removal of High Concentrations of Arsenite from Aqueous Solutions by the Emulsion Liquid Membrane Technique

AbstractAs(III) is a dangerous species that contaminates groundwater resources and therefore water purification from this element is necessary. In this study, the removal of As(III) was investigated by the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) technique due to the high toxicity levels of this species. The effect of various parameters such as hydrochloric acid and arsenic concentration in the feed solution, emulsion to feed ratio, surfactant concentration and type of carrier was evaluated on the arsenic separation efficiency. The results showed that the best type of carrier in terms of emulsion stability and separation efficiency of arsenic ions was di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), and its optimal concentration was about 5 % (v/v). In addition, paraffin as the organic solvent performed better than the mixture of paraffin and kerosene in the separation of As(III) ions. The optimal conditions were obtained at 8 and 0.1 M HCl concentrations for the feed and the internal phases, respectively. Also, the emulsion to feed ratio of 1 : 4.5, the volume ratio of the internal phase to the membrane phase of 1 : 1 and the surfactant concentration of 5 % (v/v) led to achieving the maximum removal of arsenic ions. This work presents a broad perspective of removing As(III) ions from wastewater by carefully examining the parameters influencing the separation of this hazardous element through the ELM method.

Review paper on Green Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Utilization Techniques in Libya

the world is currently facing energy-related challenges due to the cost and pollution of non-renewable energy sources and the increasing power demand from renewable energy sources. Green hydrogen is a promising solution in Libya for converting renewable energy into usable fuel. This paper covers the types of hydrogen, its features, preparation methods, and uses. Green hydrogen production is still limited in the world due to safety requirements because hydrogen has a relatively low ignition temperature and an extensive ignition range and is considered a hazardous element, the lack of infrastructure in Libya, as well as the high cost of production currently. However, the production costs of one megawatt of green hydrogen and fossil fuels are insignificant. This suggests that electricity production from green hydrogen could become an economic competitor to fossil fuels in Libya. This is due to the cost of adding renewable energy to the public electricity grid. Also, the production of gray hydrogen is possible in Libya because of oil through the installation of systems for converting methane gas and capturing carbon dioxide gas.

The leaching behavior of hazardous element under different leaching procedure utilizing slag-fly ash-based agent: Chromium, antimony, and lead

Low-carbon cementitious materials based on blast furnace slag (BFS) and municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash play a pivotal role in the construction industry by substituting cement clinker. This innovation significantly reduces CO2 emissions and enables the extensive utilization of both industrial solid waste and hazardous urban waste on a large scale. However, the application of MSWI fly ash as a precursor for alkali-activated cementitious materials presents a significant leaching risk of heavy metal during the extended reaction process, posing a critical barrier to the efficient and widespread utilization of these solid waste. Three static leaching methods [horizontal vibration (HV), sulphuric acid & nitric acid (SN), and acetic acid buffer solution (AAB)], along with acid neutralization capacity (ANC) leaching tests, were applied in BFS-fly ash-based cementitious materials (BFCM) to assess the leaching behavior of high-risk elements—Cr, Sb, and Pb—within MSWI fly ash. The A4 matrix (BFS: MSWI fly ash:FGDG = 70:20:10) exhibits a compressive strength of 72.51 MPa at 180 day, with the leaching concentrations of target elements remaining below the standard limit under chemical attack (H+ and OH−). The critical pH determined is 9.2 from the ANC leaching test results. Visual MINTEQ simulation illustrates the occurrence states of Cr, Sb, and Pb as (CrO4)2−, [Sb(OH)6]−, and Pb(OH)3− within the BFCM system, respectively. The “double salt effect”, intended to enhance the dissociation degree of BFS, acts as the driving force behind the long-term hydration reaction. It also serves as an assurance in controlling the long-term leaching risk of object elements. The dissociation degree of BFS within A4 matrix increased by 38.71 %, with the relative content of the typical low-solubility double salt “Ettringite” reaching 29 % at 180 d. This study provides novel theoretical and data-driven evidence to investigate the leaching behavior associated with MSWI fly ash and the accomplishment of replacing cement clinker with low-carbon BFCM.

Leaching characteristics of metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from asphalt paving materials

Asphalt pavement, a major type of road surface, may contain hazardous elements depending on its specific composition. A growing concern has developed regarding the potential leaching of these hazardous constituents from asphalt pavements, particularly when incorporating waste materials and additives. This study investigates the presence of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in leachates from six commonly employed asphalt paving materials. A comprehensive laboratory leaching experiment was conducted on three key sample scales: asphalt binder, asphalt mortar, and asphalt mixture. The impact of the leachates was assessed by the heavy metal pollution index and the toxic equivalency factor based on the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent concentration. The results reveal that leaching tests at the binder and mortar scales provided fundamental insights into leaching characteristics within a relatively short timeframe, while the mixture-scale test was more capable of representing pollutant leaching in near-true scenarios. In addition, the results indicate potential adverse health implications associated with the incorporation of hazardous waste, such as bottom ash, into asphalt pavement. These findings hold significant implications for promoting environmentally responsible practices of asphalt pavement.

Transformation and environmental chemical characteristics of hazardous trace elements in an 800 t/d waste incineration thermal power plant

The hazardous trace elements (HTEs) emitted during the municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) process have been widely concerned. In this work, the bottom ash (BA), heat recovery boiler ash (HA), and ash after desulfurization (SA) were collected to explore the occurrence forms of HTEs in the three types of ash and their relationship with minerals and leaching characteristics. The results show that the volatility of the seven studied HTEs follows the order of Cd, As > Ni, Zn > Pb > Cr, Cu. In the process of BA → HA → SA, the content of Cd, As, Zn, and Pb shows an increasing trend. The seven HTEs are mainly in the forms of chlorides and oxides. There is an obvious relationship between the occurrence forms and simulated existence form of HTEs. SiO2 and CaCO3 are the major mineral components in the three ashes, while SA also contains chlorine-containing compounds which are easily leached out. The risk assessment code and soluble ratio show that HTEs in SA are more leachable than BA and HA, where Cd, Pb and Ni need to be addressed to reduce their impact on soil or water during subsequent landfill treatment of SA.

Biochar from sewage sludge: Effect of pyrolysis on functional properties and pollutants fate

AbstractPyrolysis is a promising alternative for the removal or immobilization of hazardous elements in sewage sludge (SS) without compromising its biofertilizer features. However, the effects of pyrolysis on SS emerging contaminants have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the fate of heavy metals, pesticides, and organic pollutants in SS through pyrolysis, as well as the suitability of SS and its derived biochar (SSB) for soil application. Municipal SS was pyrolyzed at different scales (bench and micro units) and temperatures (400, 500, and 600°C) for comparison. The general properties, surface morphology, and functional groups of SS and SSB were analyzed. Also, a quantitative analysis of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Cd, and Pb) and a qualitative investigation of organic pollutants and pesticides were performed. The results demonstrated that pyrolysis at 400°C increased the stability of SS and strongly affected its surface area, resulting in a high pore structure with a developed surface charge. Simultaneously, the relative content of organic matter and nutrients remained nearly unchanged. All heavy metals analyzed in SS and SSB400 were within limits set by the International Biochar Initiative for soil application. Moreover, organic pollutants and pesticides were detected in the SS but were partially degraded or immobilized after pyrolysis > 400°C. In conclusion, the production of SSB proved to be an effective method for removing toxic elements from SS while enhancing its properties for soil remediation and crop productivity.

Hazardous elements in plastic and rubber granules as infill material from sports facilities? Field Portable-XRF spectroscopy as ‘white analytical technique’ reveals hazardous elements in fall sports facilities in Rzeszów (Podkarpackie, Poland)

Plastic and rubber granules are commonly used as infill material in all-weather sports facilities, providing an ideal activity surface for millions of Europeans on a daily basis. However, concerns have been raised about the presence of hazardous elements in these granules, which can pose risks both to the environment and human health. Our study focusses on the elemental composition of rubber granules used in fall sports facilities in Rzeszów, (Podkarpackie, Poland) using field portable X-ray fluorescence (FP-XRF) as a non-destructive and ‘white analytical technique’. The results show the content of Zn, Fe, Cr, Ba, Br, Ti, Cu, Cd, As, Au, Bi, Pb, Ni, Sb, and Sn in the rubber granule samples. This study highlights the need for stringent quality control measures and regulations to ensure the safety of all-weather sports facilities and protect the well-being of sportsman. When modern FP-XRF spectrometry is employed as a “white analytical technique,” for the first time it becomes possible to identify the presence of hazardous elements, addressing the pressing concerns highlighted by the ECHA and enabling proactive measures to mitigate potential risks. This approach ensures the protection of the health and sustainability of sports facilities, contributing to the ongoing hot topics in the field.

Comparative analyses of pesticide residues, elemental composition and mycotoxin levels in Spanish traditional and novel ciders

The apple cultivar, known for its adaptability and diverse varieties, has been extensively utilized for cider production, particularly in climatically suitable regions. Cider, an age-old alcoholic beverage derived from fermenting apple juice, is gaining popularity, especially among younger generations. Despite this trend, comprehensive knowledge regarding the toxicological profile of ciders remains limited, leaving room for potential chemical contaminants from raw ingredients or production methods. To address this gap, we conducted an unprecedented study analyzing sixty-eight cider samples from the Spanish market, encompassing both traditional ciders and newly developed apple-based flavored drinks referred to as “ciders.” Our investigation focused on pesticide residues, elemental profiles, and mycotoxin residues. In a groundbreaking approach, our study integrated the analysis of 225 pesticide residues, 50 Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), 11 mycotoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, DON, FB1, FB2, H-2, HT-2, OTA, PAT, and ZEN), and a total of 50 elements. Pesticide residues were identified using GCMSMS and LCMSMS, elemental composition determined via ICPMS, and mycotoxins analyzed using LCMSMS. The significance of our research lies in addressing the dearth of toxicological analyses of ciders, despite their burgeoning global consumption and production. For pesticide residues and elemental composition, our results underwent statistical processing, revealing distinct differences between the elemental profiles of traditional ciders and “ciders.” Additionally, disparities were observed between cider and other low-alcohol fermented beverages like wines and beers. Concentrations of most pesticide residues and elements in the cider samples were deemed non-toxic, falling below allowable limits established by international organizations for other beverages such as water or wine. However, certain elements, notably Br and Pb in traditional ciders, raised potential concerns. Our findings underscore the necessity of establishing regulatory limits for pesticide residues, potentially hazardous elements, and mycotoxins in cider, a regulatory framework currently lacking on a global scale.

Comparative efficacy of wheat-straw biochar and chicken-waste compost on cadmium contaminated soil remediation, reducing cadmium bioavailability and enhancing wheat performance under cadmium stress

Cadmium (Cd) pollution of soil and food crops is a widespread environmental issue caused by excessive industrialization, unsustainable urbanization, and intensive farming practices. Cd, a hazardous element, poses significant risks to agro-environmental sustainability, food safety, and human health. Using organic materials such as biochar and compost to stabilize Cd in contaminated soil is an environmentally benign and cost-effective strategy for remediating moderately to highly polluted soil. However, in response to the scarcity of comparative studies on biochar and compost efficacy, this research explores the impact of wheat-straw biochar and chicken waste compost on Cd-contaminated soil remediation. A greenhouse experiment using two application rates (1.5 % and 2.5 %) of biochar and compost in 10 mg kg−1 Cd-contaminated soil revealed significant (p≤0.05) effects. The 2.5 % compost application increased soil organic carbon (SOC) from 0.45 % to 0.85 %, while 2.5 % biochar enhanced soil pH from 7.1 to 7.7 and electrical conductivity (EC) from 0.33 to 0.44 dSm−1. Notably, 2.5 % biochar significantly reduced Cd bioavailability from 9.49 to 4.90 mg kg−1, root accumulation from 29.8 to 16.4 mg kg−1 and shoot translocation from 16.8 to 8.4 mg kg−1. This reduction was confirmed through translocation factor (51.5 %) and immobilization efficiency (48.4 %). Furthermore, 2.5 % biochar improved chlorophyll content (a, b, and total) and wheat morphological attributes under Cd stress in soil. Overall, higher rates of biochar (2.5 %) and compost (2.5 %) effectively mitigate Cd uptake, improve soil properties, and enhance physiological and morphological responses, suggesting their promise for sustainable soil management practices.

Detection of Aflatoxin M1 and Several Heavy Metals in Medical Infant Milk Formula Sold in Iraqi Markets

Milk is essential for infants, and infant feeding should be emphasized in any program to ensure good child health. To find harmful and trace elements in different milk powder brands bought in Iraq and fed to babies with metabolic syndrome, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used. Fluorescence high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was also used to measure aflatoxin M1. The result reveals the concentrations of elements close to the product label's description, such as magnesium, calcium, zinc, selenium, iron, and manganese. Only the potassium element was higher than what was listed on the product label. Additionally, no quantities of hazardous elements like lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), or arsenic (As) were found. As for aflatoxin M1, it was found that the PKU milk formula and lactose-free milk formula were found to be free of AFM1 contamination, indicating that they are safe to consume. AFM1 was found in concentrations above the permissible limit in the MSUD milk formula (0.08 µg/kg). The reason for this issue could be inadequate storage. The other two types, TYR and OAc milk formula, were lower than the allowable limit of 0.05 µg/kg. As a result, there needs to be more oversight of the milk that newborns with metabolic syndrome consumele S. aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in community settings.

Flotation behavior and kinetic characteristics of trace elements in coal

ABSTRACT Flotation is considered as an efficient method for removing hazardous trace elements from coal. However, the flotation kinetic characteristics of trace elements in coal are still missing. This research presents a detailed investigation into the flotation behavior of As, Se, Pb, Be, and Hg in coal, using coal samples from TX and FGZ coal preparation plants. Six kinetic models were employed to describe their flotation behavior and separation efficiency was introduced to assess the removability of trace elements. Most of the coal floats within the first 2 minutes of flotation, with the highest yield observed in product C1, followed by C4. The trace elements content (excluding Pb) exhibited an increasing trend from C1 to C6, and trace elements were primarily distributed in the tailing. There is a strong positive correlation between cumulative trace elements and ash content, and the inorganic-affinity of trace elements in FGZ coal is stronger compared to that of TX coal. The second-order model with a rectangular distribution of floatability provides the most appropriate description of trace elements’ flotation behavior. Kinetic analysis and separation efficiency assessments demonstrated that As and Hg in FGZ coal are relatively easier to discharge, while Pb and Be in TX coal exhibit higher removability.

Evaluation of single particle morphological characteristics and human health risks in different functional areas

Purpose This study aims to better understand the morphological characteristics of single particle and the health risk characteristics of heavy metals in PM2.5 in different functional areas of Handan City. Design/methodology/approach High resolution transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the aerosol samples collected from different functional areas of Handan City. The morphology and size distribution of the particles collected on hazy and clear days were compared. The health risk evaluation model was applied to evaluate the hazardous effects of particles on human health in different functional areas on hazy days. Findings The results show that the particulate matter in different functional areas is dominated by spherical particles in different weather conditions. In particular, the proportion of spherical particles exceeds 70% on the haze day, and the percentage of soot aggregates increases significantly on the clear day. The percentage of each type of particle in the teaching and living areas varied less under different weather conditions. Except for the industrial area, the size distribution of each type of particle in haze samples is larger than that on the clear day. Spherical particles contribute more to the small particle size segment. Soot aggregate and other shaped particles contribute more to the large size segment. The mass concentrations of hazardous elements (HEs) in PM2.5 in different functional areas on consecutive haze pollution days were illustrated as industrial area > traffic area > living area > teaching area. Compared with the other functional areas, the teaching area had the lowest noncarcinogenic risk of HEs. The lifetime carcinogenic risk values of Cr and As elements in each functional area have exceeded residents’ threshold levels and are at high risk of carcinogenicity. Among the four functional areas, the industrial area has the highest carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks. But the effects of HEs on human health in the other functional areas should also be taken seriously and continuously controlled. Originality/value The significance of the study is to further understand the morphological characteristics of single particles and the health risks of heavy metals in different functional areas of Handan City. the authors hope to provide a reference for other coal-burning industrial cities to develop plans to improve air quality and human respiratory health.

Treatment of heavy metal ions from simulated water using adsorption process via modified iron magnetic nanocomposite

Heavy metals are considered hazardous elements because they are not biodegradable in the environment. Exposure to heavy metals leads to serious problems that affect human health and the aquatic environment. Removal of heavy metal ions from simulated water was employed for chitosan/iron nanocomposites (C-Fe2O3NPs). C-Fe2O3 was prepared from chitosan solution and iron salt. The characterization of C-Fe2O3 was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). To determine the morphological structure, functional groups, and physicochemical properties. Determination of the optimum operating experimental conditions that result in the highest efficiency for heavy metal ions was investigated, such as contact duration (0–60 min), concentration (0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mg/L), and adsorbent dose (0.1–0.5 g/L). Subsequently, the application of modified C-Fe2O3 in batch system for the elimination of Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Se from simulated water was carried out. The results showed that EDX displayed the existence of iron, indicating the presence of iron nanoparticles. Also, the XRD and XRF showed the presence of iron oxide in the crystalline phase. The optimal conditions of the breakthrough curve, such as column height, flow rate, and contact time, were also examined. The results showed that the optimal conditions in the column system were a height of 10 cm, a flow rate of 5 mL/min, and a concentration of 3 mg/L. The kinetic information obtained was best modeled with the pseudo second-order model, and the experimental results fit the Langmuir model. High removal rates for Cu, Cr, Zn, Se, and Pb reached 99.8%, 93.8%, 98.8%, 99.8%, and 97.8%, respectively were achieved. The regeneration study indicated the good shelf life of iron magnetic NPs, which was 4.2%. In conclusion, C-Fe2O3 NPs are a potential adsorbent for heavy metal decontamination from water.

Метод распознавания элементов космического мусора по оптическим и радиоэлектронным изображениям на основе нейросетевых технологий

An improved Bayesian method is presented for recognising space debris elements from optical and radar images and is intended to identify potentially hazardous space debris elements for operational spacecraft. A set of informative features for recognising space debris elements is proposed. A modified Bayesian classifier based on a deep neural network with a sequential decision-making procedure is considered as a decisive rule. The quality requirements for the used optical and radar images are defined. The results of recognition probability estimation for different types of space debris elements with different number of used optical and radar images are obtained.

Structuring biogenic synthesis of rare phase LaMn2O5 using the Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar) flower extract for highly sensitive, long range electrochemical detection of bisphenol-A, an endocrine disruptor

This work presents the in situ biogenic synthesis of rare phase nanostructure LaMn2O5 by the hydrothermal method, using the Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar) extract to prevent the discharge of hazardous and toxic waste elements into the environment.

Abnormal dynamics of functional brain network in Apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers with mild cognitive impairment

<abstract> <p>As is well known, the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele is the most pertinent genetic hazardous element for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of AD. How the APOE ε4 allele modulates functional connectivity of brain network in MCI group is a question worth exploring. At present, some studies have evaluated the relationship between APOE ε4 allele and static functional network connectivity (sFNC) for MCI individuals, while the relationship of dynamic FNC (dFNC) with APOE ε4 allele still remained puzzled. Thus, we aim to detect aberrant dFNC for APOE ε4 carriers in the MCI group. On the basis of the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data, seven intrinsic brain functional networks were first recognized by the group independent component analysis. Then, the technique of sliding window was employed to determine the dFNC, and two dFNC states were detected by the k-means clustering algorithm. Finally, three temporal properties of fraction time, mean dwell time as well as transition numbers in the dFNC states were investigated. The results found that the dFNC and temporal properties in APOE ε4 carriers were abnormal compared with those in APOE ε4 noncarriers. In detail, in the MCI group, compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, carriers had 9 pairs of abnormal dFNC and had significant differences in all the three temporal properties of the two dFNC states. In addition, two pairs of dFNC were found significantly correlated with clinical measure. This detected abnormal dynamics of temporal properties and dFNC in APOE ε4 carriers were similar with that reported for AD patients in previous studies. These results may suggest that in the MCI group, APOE carriers are more at risk for AD compared to noncarriers. Our findings may offer novel insights into the mechanisms of abnormal brain reconfiguration for individuals at genetic risk for AD, which could also be regarded as biomarkers for the early identification of AD.</p> </abstract>

A Review of Environmental, Social and Governance Frameworks in Sustainable Disposal of Waste from Renewable Energy Resources

The shift to renewable energy sources is essential for mitigating climate change, but it also poses fresh challenges for environmentally responsible waste management. This article reviews and investigates the complex problems associated with the disposal of renewable energy components from an environmental, social, and governance (ESG) perspective. The article further highlights the need for thorough oversight and careful management of various components due to the environmental concerns associated with their disposal as they frequently contain hazardous elements. The social effects on communities impacted by disposal procedures are also explored, and the importance of fair distribution of benefits is emphasized. Transparency, accountability, and stakeholder involvement are bolstered by effective governance, a central theme of this discussion that draws on ESG concepts. Successful ESG-integrated disposal plans are demonstrated by industry case studies. Possible hindrances in sustainable disposal are also highlighted with firm suggestions on way-forward, which include; technical innovation and global collaboration. The study underlines the irreplaceable role played by ESG in guiding responsible waste management toward a sustainable, green energy future.

Air Carbon Filter

Abstract: All over the globe, billions of people use vehicles in their day to day life. It includes public and private transport as well. Vehicles running on fossil fuels emit large amount of carbon and volatile organic compounds. These compounds are hazardous for the environment as well as for the human beings. These emissions contributes greatly in increasing pollution and global warming. This pollution leads to many respiratory health diseases. The Air Carbon filter helps to reduce the release of these hazardous elements and carbon in the environment. These carbon filters work on the principle of adsorption using activated carbon. It also adsorbs odour and foul smell to emit clean and fresh air.