Hauling Activities Research Articles

Penerapan Program Kesehatan dan Keselamatan Kerja dalam Aktivitas Kerja Coal Hauling di PT. XYZ

The implementation of an occupational health and safety (K3) program can be an effort for mining companies to make efforts to prevent accidents in mining work activities such as coal hauling. Based on this, the purpose of this study was to analyze the implementation of K3 (occupational health and safety) on coal hauling activities by PT. XYZ with HAZOP and HIRARC methods. The research was carried out using data collection methods such as interviews, observations, and document studies. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using the HAZOP and HIRARC methods, which are data analysis methods that aim to determine the potential hazards that exist in mining work activities. The results showed that through the HAZOP analysis showed that there were 12 sources of danger in 5 work activities in the Coal hauling section. These 12 hazard sources are divided into 4 hazard categories with 56% high risk, 24% moderate risk, 15% extreme conditions, and 5% low risk. Based on this, it can be seen that the potential hazard by causing work accidents is quite significant. Meanwhile, the HIRARC analysis shows that there are 6 sources of danger with 9 potential work accidents which are divided into 4 categories of hazards as much as 51% high risk 4 potential risks, 21% extreme risk with 1 high value potential risk, 18% low risk with 3 potential risks, and 10% medium risk with 1 potential hazard. This potential and source of danger has and will continue to allow for the occurrence of losses, both material and physical injury to employees.

The Public Perception of the Existence of Coal Mines in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Background and Objectives: The coal mining business is a source of foreign exchange for the country, but it is also thought to have a negative impact on the environment, therefore its continued existence can lead to a variety of public perceptions, both positive and negative. The purpose of this study is to ascertain public perceptions of the coal mining industry's existence and operational implications.
 Methods: The survey approach was used in this study to obtain information from respondents. Questions were posed using interviews, questionnaires, and secondary data.
 Results: The community leadership structure in the study area is that 35 respondents (48%) follow non-formal leadership, while 38 respondents (52%) follow formal leadership. Most community conflicts are usually triggered by land boundary disputes (38%), and complaints are not responded to (38%), and are resolved by consensus deliberation. Community responses to the impact of coal transportation are health problems (52%), the impact of the presence of coal mines is an increase in the economy (54%), disruption to public roads (66%), noise (66%), and air quality (72%). Coal hauling activities also have an impact on improving business prospects, namely 10% of respondents stated significant (high), 66% moderate, and 24% none. while for the criteria for increasing income, 16% of respondents stated an increase of 62%, a small increase, and 22% did not report. The environmental disturbance parameter stated that 60% of respondents felt disturbed and 40% did not. Environmental management activities on the impact of coal mining operations are 20% of respondents stating good, 34% abstaining and 22% not good.
 Conclusion: Community development and empowerment programs around the mine site must be implemented properly, and mine exploration permit holders must strictly adhere to the environmental impact analysis document and environmental management monitoring plan approved by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry.

HAULING ROAD GEOMETRY AND CURVE RADIUS USING AASHTO AT PT PRO INTERTECH INDONESIA SORONG CITY WEST PAPUA PROVINCE

Hauling road is an important aspect to support hauling activities in a mining operation. Better hauling road conditions will optimalize production, where is consistent with production plans and targets. The calculation of road conditions should be adjusted to the needs. The road geometry is a part of road planning which focuses on the physical condition of the road so that it can fulfill the road function. In addition to the geometry of the hauling roads, water can also affect the condition of the hauling roads. Therefore, it is important to conduct an evaluation of the hauling road conditions. Based on the calculation results, the straight road width is 8,575 meters, the hauling road width at the bend is 19,356 meters, while the straight road width in the field is about 7.6 meters and for curves in the field about 9 meters. From the field processed data, it is indicated that the existing hauling roads at PT Pro Intertech Indonesia mining operation has not fully met the hauling road requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to widen the hauling road in the operation area.

Potential microplastic release from the maritime industry: Abrasion of rope

While land-based sources of plastic pollution have gained increasing attention in recent years, ocean-based sources have been less well studied. The aim of this study was to compare a variety of ropes (differing in age, wear surface and material) to quantify and characterise the production of microplastic during use. This was achieved by simulating, in laboratory and field experiments, rope hauling activity which is typically performed on board maritime vessels, such as fishing boats. Microplastic generation was quantified by collecting fragments that were released as a consequence of abrasion. Notably, we show that microplastic fragments generated from rope wear during use were characteristically irregular in shape, rather than fibrous such as those assigned to synthetic rope by previous studies. Therefore, we suggest that some of the plastic fragments found in the marine environment may have been falsely attributed to land-based sources but have in fact arisen form the abrasion of rope. Our research found that new and one-year old polypropylene rope released significantly fewer microplastic fragments (14 ± 3 and 22 ± 5) and less microplastic mass (11 ± 2 and 12 ± 3 μg) per metre hauled compared to ropes of two (720 ± 51, 247 ± 18 μg) or ten (767 ± 55, 1052 ± 75 μg) years of age. We show that a substantial amount of microplastic contamination is likely to directly enter the marine environment due to in situ rope abrasion and that rope age is an important factor influencing microplastic release. Our research suggests the need for standards on rope maintenance, replacement, and recycling along with innovation in synthetic rope design with the aim to reduce microplastic emission.

Partitioning and solving large-scale tactical harvest scheduling problems for industrial plantation forests

Spatially explicit, tactical forest planning is a necessary but challenging task in the management of plantation forests. It involves harvest scheduling and planning for road access and log transportation over time and space. This combinatorial problem can be formulated into the fixed-charge transportation problem (FCTP), in which the sum of fixed and variable costs is minimized while meeting harvest volume requirements and allowing necessary road maintenance and log hauling activities. The problem can be solved using general optimization methods such as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP), but the computational efficiency of the MILP-based approach quickly drops as the size and complexity of the problem increases. We developed a new optimization procedure that partitions the large planning problem into smaller subproblems. We applied a hybrid optimization approach using both MILP and heuristic rules to efficiently solve the large FCTP that otherwise may not be solvable using traditional methods. We applied our approach to an industrial plantation forest in Brazil. Our applications demonstrate the performance of the new optimization procedure and the benefit of solving large forest planning problems that integrate harvest scheduling with road access and transportation.

Flume tank evaluation of the hydrodynamic lift and drag of helix ropes compared to conventional ropes used in midwater trawls

The hydrodynamic properties of ropes can significantly affect the underwater performance of midwater trawls, including their geometry, drag, fuel consumption, and rate of gear setting and hauling activities. In this study, we investigate the hydrodynamic properties of helix ropes compared to conventional polyethylene (PE) and nylon (PA) ropes. Flume tank tests were conducted using 17 different braided and twisted ropes of varying diameter (6 mm, 8 mm, 9 mm, and 14 mm). Samples of each rope type were subjected to a series of water velocities (0.5 m/s, 0.7 m/s, and 0.9 m/s) and angles of attack (0°, 12°, 20°, 45°, 61°, and 90°) in order to measure drag and lift forces. To understand how hydrodynamic coefficients vary with increasing Reynolds number (Re), we also evaluated a wider range of water velocities (0.3 m/s to 0.9 m/s) for 14 mm ropes. Our results showed that, when compared to conventional ropes of the same diameter, helix ropes produced increased lift force (L), verifying their description as self-spreading ropes. To our knowledge, these findings represent the first known evidence of its kind published in scientific literature with direct application to midwater trawling operations.

Design of coal mine drainage system

Research from coal fields show that increased production from coal mines resulted in a wider pit. Changes in the water catchment area resulted in changes in the calculation of mine water volume. Excessive mine water volume affects mining activities. Large amounts of water in the pit causes disruption in excavation and loading and hauling activities. Therefore, the design of mine drainage systems is required. The purpose of the study is to analyse statistically the parameters of the mine drainage system, and to design the mine drainage system; including open drain, sump, and settling pond. The research tools used include the calculation of runoff water discharge that requires statistical analysis for rainfall data processing and the determination of catchment area (CA). The open channel dimension and settling pond design is based on the sump volume calculation. The research area has high rainfall clased for the particle to settle is 30.38 minutes. The percsification, solid percent 2.66 % with settling rate 0.0027 m/s; the time requirentage of theoretically suctioned particle is 83 %, and the settling pond maintenance time that has 4 compartments is 15, 16, 19, and 23 days.

Air Quality and Health Impacts of an Aviation Biofuel Supply Chain Using Forest Residue in the Northwestern United States.

Forest residue is a major potential feedstock for second-generation biofuel; however, little knowledge exists about the environmental impacts of the development and production of biofuel from such a feedstock. Using a high-resolution regional air quality model, we estimate the air quality impacts of a forest residue based aviation biofuel supply chain scenario in the Pacific Northwestern United States. Using two potential supply chain regions, we find that biomass and biofuel hauling activities will add <1% of vehicle miles traveled to existing traffic, but the biorefineries will add significant local sources of NO x and CO. In the biofuel production scenario, the regional average increase in the pollutant concentration is small, but 8-hr maximum summer time O3 can increase by 1-2 ppb and 24-hr average maximum PM2.5 by 2 μg/m3. The alternate scenario of slash pile burning increased the multiday average PM2.5 by 2-5 μg/m3 during a winter simulation. Using BenMAP, a health impact assessment tool, we show that avoiding slash pile burning results in a decrease in premature mortality as well as several other nonfatal and minor health effects. In general, we show that most air quality and health benefits result primarily from avoided slash pile burning emissions.

Impact Assessment of Atmospheric Pollutants Emissions from Mining Operations at Ghana Managanese Company Ltd.

Atmospheric pollutants diffusion study was conducted around the operational sites and immediate neighbouring communities of Ghana Manganese Company (GMC). The pollutants are emitted by sources associated with the main operations and activities of the mine including on-bench rock drilling and blasting, material excavation and hauling, vehicular movements and mine machinery exhaust emissions, as well as crushing of blasted rocks. Methodologies involving computerised dispersion modelling was used to estimate near-field ambient pollutant impacts on neighbouring Tarkwa-Banso community, at 400 m from the Mine’s nearest operational site (Pit C North). The community is located in the dispersive fan of North to the East-South-Eastern part of the mine site. Measured airborne particulates (PM10 and TSP) concentrations in the Tarkwa-Banso community were below Ghana EPA’s permissible limits of 70 µg/m3 and 150 µg/m3 respectively. The predicted monthly concentrations of the airborne particulates (PM10 and TSP) at 400 m buffer from the crushing plant were greatly lower than the permissible regulatory limits. With effective dust mitigation measures, the predicted PM10 and TSP dust concentrations emanating from drilling, blasting, loading and hauling activities at Pit C North were also generally lower than the regulatory requirement. All the predicted monthly concentrations of NOx and SO2 at the 400 m buffer from Pit C North were significantly lower than the allowable regulatory requirement of 60 µg/m3 and 100 µg/m3 respectively. The study indicates that, the operation of the crushing plant together with the general mining operations at Pit C North in the mine has no significant impact on Tarkwa-Banso community. Keywords: Impacts, Particulates Matter, Concentration Levels, Environment, Prediction

Water Hauling and Girls’ School Attendance: Some New Evidence from Ghana

In large parts of the world, a lack of home tap water burdens households as the water must be brought to the house from outside, at great expense in terms of effort and time. This paper studies how such costs affect girls' schooling in Ghana, with an analysis based on four rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys. Using Global Positioning System coordinates, it builds an artificial panel of clusters, identifying the closest neighbors within each round. The results indicate a significant negative relation between girls' school attendance and water hauling activity, as a halving of water fetching time increases girls' school attendance by 2.4 percentage points on average, with stronger impacts in rural communities. The results seem to be the first definitive documentation of such a relationship in Africa. They document some of the multiple and wide population benefits of increased tap water access, in Africa and elsewhere.

Perennial Water Crisis in Ghana: Effects on Girl-Child Education

Water is undoubtedly an indispensable resource. It is an essential resource for both man and industry. This makes access to water, especially potable water, one of the indicators of human development. Yet, access to water remains a critical challenge to many people, especially people of the developing world. Lack of access to water affects people in a variety of domains, including the educational domain. Using the mixed research design, but largely basic percentages, this paper examines how lack of access to water in the Tamale Metropolis in Ghana affects the education of the girl-child at the Junior High School level. The paper illustrates among others that water hauling activities by girls in the metropolis, in the wake of crisis negatively impacts their education. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n13p193

Sustainable Use of Oil Sands for Geotechnical Construction and Road Building

Abstract Oil sands are natural deposits of bituminous sand materials that are mined and processed for crude oil. They are routinely used in oil sand fields for building temporary and sometimes permanent roads serving mining and hauling activities. Although the principal application of these materials for road building has been in the unbound layers of the pavement structure, the full benefits of oil sands, particularly their sustainability and environmental friendliness, are yet to be realized. In their natural state, oil sands have similarities to cold mix asphalt mixtures which are often comprised of uniformly graded fine to medium sands and used for pavement repair and patching applications. Yet, they may exhibit complex stress dependent characteristics and viscoelastic and plastic behavior under dynamic loading of mining and off-road construction equipment. This paper presents findings from a comprehensive laboratory research program conducted on three types of oil sand materials with the main goal to characterize their engineering behavior. The research efforts focused on establishing a suite of tests to determine strength, modulus, and deformation characteristics under realistic traffic loading and climatic conditions. The developed suite of tests established essential trends in oil sand behavior for developing laboratory guidelines and test protocols and typical material characterization models for their sustainable use in geotechnical and road building applications.

An Analysis of Opportunity Costs with Wet-Weather Timber Hauling

Hauling logs during wet weather on low-volume roads can be a significant source of chronic turbidity and fine sediments that maybe detrimental to aquatic organisms including salmonids in streams. As a result, regulations governing wet-weather hauling in the western timber-producing states and British Columbia have become increasingly restrictive. A potential result of the changes in regulations is limited access to an increasing proportion of commercial forestland during the winter months. The cost of restricted hauling and harvesting is potentially a resource that could be made available to improve aggregate road surfaces to minimize hauling restrictions during wet weather. The objective of this research was to investigate the opportunity costs associated with regulatory restrictions for hauling timber on a forest road during wet weather. The regulatory restrictions set forth in the California Forest Practice Rules of 2004 were applied to the MacDonald-Dunn Research Forest at Oregon State University. Historic rainfall data were applied randomly over twenty 20-year simulation periods and harvesting and hauling activities were restricted accordingly. The estimated costs and revenue for a 20-year simulation period without wet-weather restrictions were compared to three management scenarios for harvesting and hauling with wet-weather restrictions to determine the opportunity costs associated with wet-weather restrictions. Dependent on the management scenario, wet-weather restrictions decreased total net revenue for the McDonald-Dunn Research Forest from 1.7 to 18 percent. From this analysis, opportunity costs (and total net revenue decreases) were smallest with the management alternative that involved the overtime use of equipment during periods when hauling and harvesting activities were not restricted.

Thermal constraints on hauling out by harbour seals (Phoca vitulina)

Measurements of the thermal environment were made in conjunction with regular counts of hauled out harbour seals at three sites in the Pacific Northwest. Solar radiation, wind speed, and air temperature were all significantly correlated with numbers of seals on land. These were incorporated into a thermal index of heat flux (expressed in watts per square metre) between the seal and its environment. Numbers of seals hauled out at midday declined sharply as flux increased above 0 W∙m−2 (i.e., when seals theoretically gained net heat from their environment), but remained constant at all measured negative values of flux. This relationship could be described by a nonlinear piecewise regression equation [Formula: see text]. No significant differences in hauling activity were detected between sites throughout most of the year. During the summer, however, one site with significantly higher mean flux than the others also exhibited significantly lower hauling activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that under temperate summer conditions, hauling out can result in overheating. This may be an important constraint on hauling behaviour.

Method for Analyzing Construction Haul Noise Impacts

Long‐term construction projects have the potential to adversely affect the quality of life of residents living adjacent to the proposed activity. It is therefore desirable to quantify the relative impacts of various options as a part of the overall decision‐making process in choosing a preferred alternative. A technique is described that compares the potential noise impacts of construction hauling for a number of project alternatives. The technique presented herein is based on a modification of the level weighted population method to account for the duration of the hauling activity along various haul routes. The resulting descriptor is termed the level/duration weighted population (LDWP). The use of this technique is demonstrated through application to an actual flood control construction project under study by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The LDWP method allowed the Corps to quantitatively evaluate various project alternatives from the haul noise impact point of view.

Air transport and a sound economy

Air transport is a part of the overall transportation system and has no special mission of its own other than to serve the community by performing those functions for which it is best suited, technically and economically.The impact of transportation on the development of world societies can hardly be overestimated. Before the advent of the steam engine, the horse on land and the sail at sea were the available tractive forces. Speed and capacity were low and transportation costs were high. Only high value goods could be hauled over extended distances. While ocean transport was often the prerogative of a national flag (remember the Navigation Laws under William Pitt—perhaps the forerunner of today's air traffic rights), local hauling activities were either performed by the users themselves or, if exercised as a trade, subject to the usual regulation of medieval guilds.