Hatha Research Articles

Effectiveness of Quality-of-Life Counselling with Hatha Yoga among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents

Adolescents are high risk and underserved group in the international and national response to acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Children with HIV infection may experience more difficulties in their daily life because of parental death from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and social stigmatisation may worsen their quality of life (QOL). The therapeutic practice of Hatha Yoga and QOL counselling promotes healthy practices, develops positive attitudes and enhances well-being of adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of QOL counselling with Hatha Yoga in HIV-infected adolescents. A randomised control trial design was adopted for the study. A total of 388 HIV-infected adolescents were randomised into experimental (195) and control groups (193) by the simple random technique. Data were collected from HIV-infected adolescents/caregivers from four main antiretroviral therapy Centres in Chennai, India, through Health Related QOL Assessment Questionnaire. QOL counselling was provided only to the experimental group and Asanas were demonstrated by the researcher. At the end of data collection, cursory instructions regarding QOL counselling and yoga were also given to the control group. Data were collected from both groups in 3-month intervals from the time of allotment ('0', 3rd and 6th months). In both groups, mean QOL score in pre- and post-test score was 163.6 versus162.9 at '0' month and 215.6 versus166.0 at '6' month, respectively. The mean difference in QOL gain score was 51.97 in the experimental and only 3.09 in control group. There were significant changes in QOL score in the experimental group. The factors such as age and gender of ALHIV and caregiver's age, gender, relationship with adolescents and residence are significantly associated with increased QOL. The motivational QOL counselling along with yoga has effectiveness to increase QOL among HIV-infected adolescents in the experimental group.

Effect of selected asanas in hatha yoga on muscular endurance, flexibility and vital capacity among yoga students

Effect of selected asanas in hatha yoga on muscular endurance, flexibility and vital capacity among yoga students

Impact of adherence counselling with hatha yoga on HIV-infected adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Impact of adherence counselling with hatha yoga on HIV-infected adolescents: a randomized controlled trial

Mindful and Compassionate Self, Grounded Together: A Qualitative Description of Postmenopausal Women's Perceptions of Balance Flow Yoga.

Yoga has promising benefits for women to reduce fall-injury risk by improving balance, strength, confidence, and other risk factors, although the effect of yoga on reducing injury risk and fall rates is still not clearly established. The objective of the present study was to determine postmenopausal women's perceived changes in overall health and well-being and some of the facilitators and challenges to participating in a 12-week Balance Flow Yoga class, a group-based hatha yoga intervention designed specifically to address fall risk factors. Thirty-six women 50-70 years of age participated in an intervention study consisting of 12 weeks of a control period followed by 12 weeks of twice-weekly hatha Balance Flow Yoga in a community yoga studio. Twenty-three women and four yoga instructors/trainers participated in focus group discussions after the intervention was completed. Discussion was audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis by three researchers, a student trainee, and a research assistant. Two overarching themes and four subthemes were revealed. The two overarching themes Mindful and Compassionate Self and Grounded Together represented participants' perceptions of personal growth and their approach to living and the sense of community support and connection. Four interrelated subthemes were Creating a Safe Space; Sense of Community and Commitment; Benefits: Physical and Beyond ; and Balancing Individual Needs. This study demonstrated perceptions of physical, emotional, and social benefits after 12 weeks of Balance Flow Yoga; these benefits could influence women's health, wellness, and future fall risk.

Effect of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in allergic rhinitis patients.

Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation of the nasal mucosa in response to allergens. There is evidence that yoga can improve personal health and has positive effects on immune function. However, the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in patients with allergic rhinitis are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hatha yoga training on rhinitis symptoms and cytokines in allergic rhinitis patients. Twenty-seven allergic rhinitis patients were randomized into 2 groups: a control group (CON; n = 14) and a yoga group (YOG; n = 13). The CON group continued with normal activities and the YOG group was required to complete a protocol of Hatha yoga training for 60 minutes per session, 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Physiological characteristics, allergic rhinitis symptoms, and cytokine secretions were comparatively analyzed before and after yoga training. After 8 weeks, the YOG group had increased peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) and exhibited significantly decreased rhinitis symptoms and nasal blood flow (NBF) compared to pre-test. Moreover, the YOG group had significantly higher nasal secretion of interleukin (IL)-2 than the CON group. The present findings demonstrated that 8 weeks of Hatha yoga training had beneficial effects in allergic rhinitis by improved clinical allergic rhinitis and cytokine profiles.

General features, types, techniques, benefits, safety and adverse effects related to Pranayamas mentioned in traditional Hatha Yoga texts: A review on Pranayama chapters

Pranayama is one of the most important and widely practiced components of Hatha Yoga. Among the traditional Hatha Yoga texts, the Hatha Yoga Pradipika (HYP) and Gheranda Samhita (GS) (written between 1200 A.D. and 1857 A.D.) are the two most influential and practical foundational texts on Pranayama, which are very useful even till date. Previously published reviews on Hatha Yoga texts only cover the brief overview, concept of Kundalini, concept of Pranayamas, and comparative study on Asanas. The present study was conducted to systematically review: (1) the general features of Pranayama practices, (2) types and techniques of Pranayama practices, (3) the benefits of Pranayama practices, and (4) safety and adverse effects related to Pranayama practices mentioned in HYP and GS. The original verses written in Sanskrit were translated into English for correct interpretation of the general features, types, techniques, benefits, safety, and adverse effects related to Pranayama as mentioned in the two Hatha Yoga texts. In this review, the verses on Pranayama are systematically reviewed, arranged, and presented under the four mentioned points.

Субъективное качество времени как объект психологической диагностики

The paper is focused at the development and validation of a psychometric scale of the subjective quality of time. The subjective quality of time is the measure of fullness with which one can experience a certain period of time, or the time associated with certain activity. Based on this, we aimed to develop a scale for measuring the subjective quality of time. The original version of the scale included 15 bipolar rating scales. In the process of testing and improving the psychometric characteristics of the inventory, the number of scales was reduced to 5. The one-factor model for 5 statements showed an acceptable fit to the data (multigroup model in Mplus 8.4, MLR statistic: X2(20) = 36.10, p = 0.015, CFI = 0.963, RMSEA = 0.089, 90% CI [0.039; 0.134], SRMR = 0.036). The reliability of the scale (Cronbach's alpha) ranged from 0.79 to 0.87 in different samples. Several studies have focused on the construct validity of the new measure. In the study about the characteristics of self-regulation of hatha yoga practitioners, the assessment of the quality of time of yoga practice was significantly higher than the assessment of the quality of time for filling out questionnaires (Student's t-test: p<0.001; d = 1.22). In another study of psychological and behavioral responses to the Covid-19 pandemic, the scale of the subjective quality of time was offered to a sample of students as part of a set of measures. As we expected, against the background of the unfolding pandemic, assessment of the quality of time for the last month was significantly lower than for the previous year. It also significantly correlated with other indicators of subjective well-being. There were no significant links between the assessment of the quality of time over the past month and over the past year with emotions and fears caused by the coronavirus pandemic. Thus, the developed time quality scale has good psychometric characteristics and is suitable, among other things, for mass monitoring surveys

A Comparison of Practice Guidelines for Yoga Breathing from the Traditional Texts and PubMed-Indexed Research

Volitional yoga breathing techniques influence several physiological functions depending on the changes made in depth of breathing, relative duration of exhalation to inhalation, and breath frequency. The practice guidelines for three routinely practiced and researched yoga breathing practices (bhastrika pranayama [bellows breath], bhramari pranayama [bee breath], and kapalabhati pranayama [breath of fire]) were compared between the traditional written texts (i.e., Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita) and published research indexed in PubMed (a total of 73 studies; 25 on bhastrika pranayama, 17 on bhramari pranayama, and 31 on kapalabhati pranayama). We compared the specifications for posture, time of day, location, and duration of practice; frequency, depth, and holding (kumbhaka) of the breath; speed and/or force and right or left nostril use for inhalation and exhalation; duration of inhalation relative to exhalation; thoracic or diaphragmatic breathing (or comparable terms in the traditional texts); mental state; physiological locks (bandhas) ; and hand gestures (mudras). Differences between the practice guidelines in the traditional texts and published research with respect to the depth of b reathing (bhastrika pranayama), relative breath phase duration (bhramari pranayama), and breath frequency (kapalabhati pranayama) are presented despite the findings being restricted to published studies from a single bibliographic database. Differences in the way yoga breathing is practiced could influence the physiological effects obtained, and differences between methods reported in published studies could make it difficult to summarize the effects of yoga breathing practice across studies.

하타요가 수련이 중년여성의 사회심리학적 스트레스에 미치는 영향

This study is to investigate the effect of Hatha Yoga on social psychological stress. As a study subject, 54 people were included in the experimental group, 42 people who performed Hatha yoga and 12 people who did not practice Hatha Yoga. Using the questionnaire, sub-factors of social psychological stress include epidemiology, self-confidence, psychological stress, sleep disorder and anxiety, and the total number of items including demographic characteristics is 45 items. The researcher performed Hatha Yoga 3 times a week (60 minutes each) for a total of 72 times for 6 months. As a result of the study, first, Hatha yoga significantly increased the stress on role and self-confidence for middle-aged women (p.001), second, it significantly reduced psychological stress (p.001), and third, Stress for sleep disorder and depression was significantly reduced (p.001).BR Therefore, Hatha Yoga is effective in treating the social and psychological stress of middle-aged women suffering from stress, and it is thought that the effect can be changed more positively as the period is prolonged.

DETERMINATION OF THE ACTIVITY OF REFLEXOGENIC ZONES OF THE BODY DURING THE PERFORMANCE OF STATIC EXERCISE OF HATHA YOGA (DHANURASANA)

By measuring the electrical conductivity of different meridians of the human body data can be obtained to demonstrate the meridian energies. Such non-invasive methods are used to stimulate acupuncture points on the meridians. There is a need to confirm the effectiveness of mechanisms of acupuncture for the human body using scientific methods. Measuring the electrical conductivity of different meridians provides indicators for interpretation. The aim of our study is to establish the possibility of using the method of studying the effect of exercise on the body by means of acupuncture diagnostics according to J.Nakatani’s method on the example of static exercise, which is performed similarly to Dhanurasana (outside the bow in Hatha Yoga). Ten female students were examined. Measurements were taken before the exercise, during and after the exercise after 6 minutes. The results of the research showed significant changes in the indicators of electrical activity in the representative points of the meridians of the body. An increase in electrical activity in the meridians of the human body, which are responsible for the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular systems, kidneys and adrenal glands, gallbladder, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver and bladder, and its decrease in the meridian of the stomach. The method of acupuncture diagnostics chosen allows determining the electrical activity of the meridians of the human body during static exercise. It is possible to offer use of this technique of research of influence of physical exercises on a human body along with other generally accepted scientific methods.

The teaching of B. K. S. Iyengar in the context of dialogue between the East and the West

The object of this research is the cultural dialogue between the East and the West. The subject of this research is the methods and forms of conducting such dialogue in the works of the prominent figure, the founder of one of the modern yoga schools Bellur Krishnamachar Sundararaja Iyengar. The goal of this article lies in examination of the various aspects of interaction between B. K. S. Iyengar  and the representatives of Western culture at certain stages of his life. For achieving the set goal, the author establishes the conditions for conducting this dialogue, principles of effective interaction, and method for overcoming miscommunication of the parties. Hermeneutic analysis is carried out on the works of the world famous yoga teacher. The traditional text analysis, content analysis and comparative analysis are used for collecting the information on the topic. B. K. S. Iyengar is known first and foremost as the founder of one the yoga schools and popularizer of Hatha yoga. However, his social role is poorly studies, although deserves deliberate attention, considering the world trends for healthy life style, the integral part of which is yoga. The author aims to fill this gap and prove the uniqueness of Iyengar’s activity in the context of dialogue between the East and the West, as it encompasses all stages corresponding to different approaches towards conducing the cultural dialogue. The study reveals the contradictions in Iyengar's position on the relationship between the Western and Indian cultures, and indicates his contribution to the revival of the traditions of Ancient India.

BANDHA (Inner Lock)-MUDRA (Hand Gesture): Essences of Optimizing Health

Background: Bandha and Mudras are found in ancient Indian literature to stimulate internal energy. The simplest know a few things approximately our subtle body, our soul. The act of bandhas stimulates the prana and chakras. Madra is a technique to stimulate the nervous system and glands to minimize the dysfunction of the mind and the mysterious powers of man; kundalini (the inner core energy) can rise to carry our consciousness to the cosmic sense. Purpose of the Study: To know our internal environment and the possible ways to control the internal vital energy. Through bandhas and practicing mudras one can able to get disease-free optimal health. The present article critically discussed the various aspects of bandhas and mudras and their benefit on human health and disease. Findings: Yogic practices help to better the functioning of the thyroid, pancreas, and comparable different important glandular systems to your body. Jalandhara bandha, for example, balances the thyroid gland and thereby benefitting digestion, increase, and weight management issues. Focusing and mental integration allows many hidden and unused cycles of the brain to reach our consciousness. Various psychological problems as for example, unconscious neurosis and complex repetitive actions lose their ability to affect our lives. Madras is a practical and simultaneous way to change your life. Conclusion: Traditionally, bandhas are classified as a part of the mudras, and are given orally from guru to student. Hatha Yoga Pradipika works with bandhas and mudras together. Bandha is heavily embedded in the mudra techniques and pranayama.

Yoga classes as an early intervention for college students reporting high levels of stress and anxiety: A pilot study

Background:Today’s college students are experiencing unprecedented rates of stress, anxiety, and mental health issues. As a result, college counseling centers are often overwhelmed by the demand for mental health services. Methods: The current study evaluated the potential for Hatha yoga classes to be used as an alternative to conventional psychotherapy for college students reporting high levels of stress and anxiety. Results: After 6 weeks of twice-weekly, hour-long yoga classes, significant reductions in stress, anxiety, pathological worry, and rumination were reported by 7 undergraduate college students. Conclusions: Results of this pilot study suggest that Hatha yoga classes may serve as a widely accessible, cost-effective early intervention that can be offered as a first-line recommendation to students who are struggling with heightened levels of stress and anxiety.

Specifics of interpretation of traditional eastern practices in European acting training

The purpose of the article is to identify the features of adaptation of oriental theatrical, physical, and spiritual practices by representatives of the European theater in the process of developing methods of actor training based on the analysis of acting training of leading directors of the twentieth century. - K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, E. Barba. Methodology. A typological method was used (to determine the specifics of acting training methods by K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba; interpretive method and method of comparative analysis (to identify common and different aspects of interpretation of Eastern practices by European directors); phenomenological method (to identify features of Eastern and spiritual practices and their adaptation to acting training), etc. Scientific novelty The specifics of borrowing and interpretation of traditional in East, Southeast, and Central Asia elements of actor training by Russian and European theater directors of the twentieth century are considered. K. Stanislavsky, E. Grotovsky, and E. Barba and revealed the peculiarities of adaptation by theater directors and teachers of elements of hatha yoga and Raja Yoga in accordance with their own understanding of the purpose of training in the art of acting. Conclusions. Various elements of traditional Western and Eastern cultural practices have been the focus of twentieth-century theater directors. in the process of developing innovative methods and techniques of educating the actor. Their research of local theatrical cultures contributed to the search for universal laws of stage conventionality, new acting methods of self-knowledge, and the disclosure of their own creative potential. In their own search for methods of educating the actor theater directors of the twentieth century. turn to the Eastern worldview, because the extraordinary method and a special view of the nature of consciousness and its functioning in the world contributes to the creation of training to solve a number of applied problems in the context of the specifics of acting. Translating material (Eastern practices) into a Western conceptual structure or any kind of synthesis of Eastern and Western concepts, simplifying, does not reveal the full depth of Eastern practices and religious orientations, but contributes to the actor's mastery of innovative methodological approaches, including intuitive insights, contemplation, contemplation. etc.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Iyengar Yoga With an Emphasis on Spine and Shoulder Exercises on the Upper Cross Syndrome in Middle-aged Women

Introduction: Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS) is a combination of forward head, rounded shoulder, and hyperkyphosis deformities. Yoga is a non-competitive physical exercise with the potential to correct postural imbalances in the human body. Iyengar yoga is a form of Hatha yoga. Materials and Methods: The purpose of present study was to evaluate the effect of Iyengar yoga with an emphasis on spine and shoulder exercises on the UCS in middle-aged women. In this quasi-experimental applied research, 15 subjects were purposefully recruited out of middle- aged women affected with UCS. The participants performed Iyengar yoga exercises with an emphasis on the spine and shoulder. The photogrammetry method was used to measure UCS. Results: At the end of 8 weeks exercises, there was a significant increase in the cervical (P<0.001) and shoulder angles (P<0.005), and a significant decrease in thoracic flexion angle (P<0.001). Conclusion: All relevant coaches and therapists are recommended considering Iyengar yoga as an alternative for training programs in middle-aged women affected by UCS.

Single-arm Pilot Trial of Hatha Yoga for Adolescents with Depression

ABSTRACT The prevalence of adolescent depression is increasing, particularly among girls. Existing evidence-based treatments have limitations and/or may not be acceptable to all adolescents and parents. There is evidence that hatha yoga may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for depression in adults. The purpose of the current study was to assess acceptability and feasibility of hatha yoga for depression in teens. We conducted a single-arm pilot trial of 12 weeks of manualized yoga classes specifically targeted toward teens with elevated depression symptoms. We assessed acceptability and feasibility by several metrics and compared our results against a priori benchmarks. We also collected qualitative feedback on the classes. We enrolled 11 teens. We met a priori benchmarks for recruitment and retention rates, credibility of the yoga classes, satisfaction with classes, and (lack of) adverse events causally related to classes. Class attendance and amount of home practice fell below planned benchmarks. Qualitative feedback was positive from the majority, although not all, participants. Results from this study may be used to further refine yoga classes for depressed teens.

Is Weekly Frequency of Yoga Practice Sufficient? Physiological Effects of Hatha Yoga Among Healthy Novice Women.

Beneficial physical and physiological health outcomes of yoga practice are well-supported by empirical data. However, whether weekly frequency of training is sufficient to evoke positive changes, is still an open question. The present intervention study investigated the effects of 10 weekly sessions of beginner level hatha yoga with respect to indicators of physical fitness and physiological markers. 82 young women (mean age of 22.0 ± 3.83 years) participated in the study. The yoga group (N = 49) attended a yoga course consisting of 10 sessions (1.5 h each) on a weekly basis. The control group (N = 33) did not receive any intervention. BMI, body fat percentage, balance (one-leg-stand test with open and closed eyes, functional reach test), flexibility (side bend test, modified sit and reach test) core muscle strength (plank test) as well as resting heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) were assessed 1 week before and after the course. Both frequentist and Bayesian analysis showed an improvement in flexibility and balance in the yoga group compared to the control group. The yoga group showed also increased core muscle strength. No changes with respect to BMI, body fat percentage, resting HR and HRV were found. Ninety minute beginner level hatha yoga classes were characterized by 93.39 HR and 195 kcal energy consumption on average. The present findings suggest that weekly setting of a 10-session long hatha yoga training leads to improvements in balance, flexibility and core muscle strength among healthy young women. However, for changes in BMI, body fat percentage, resting HR and HRV longer, and/or more intense interventions are needed.

Comparative study of total hip arthroplasties with dual mobility cups versus hemiarthroplasties in management of femoral neck fractures: Survival and dislocation rate at 5 years of follow-up?

BackgroundInstability after hip arthroplasty, whether it is a total (THA) or intermediate (HA), poses a major risk, however arthroplasty is the standard treatment for displaced intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck of the elderly. Three types of arthroplasties can be proposed: total prostheses with or without a dual mobility cup (DM THA) reducing the risk of dislocation, and hemiarthroplasties. In the absence of clear recommendations regarding the type of implant to be used and the scarcity of studies comparing HA and DM THA, we conducted a monocentric comparative retrospective study using the propensity score method to compare DM THA versus HA on recently displaced femoral neck fractures: (1) survival and risk of dislocation, (2) functional results, (3) mortality. HypothesisThe rate of dislocation of THA fitted with a DM cup is lower than that of HA. Patients and methodsWe retrospectively identified 112 patients in the HA group and 153 patients in the DM THA group who underwent an emergency arthroplasty for a displaced cervical fracture between 2010 and 2013. The minimum follow-up was 5 years (range, 5–9 years). The mean age at surgery was 81 years (range, 55–101 years). Elective surgery patients (n=2), hardware fractures (n=10), pathological fractures of the femoral neck (n=6), associated fractures (n=3), and revision surgeries (n=5) were excluded. The primary outcome measure was instability. Clinical follow-up was performed by the WOMAC score and the risk of mortality was determined after adjusting for confounding factors using the propensity score method. ResultsAfter adjustment by the propensity score, the dislocation rate at 2-years was 2.2% (n=3/153) in the dual mobility THA group and 6.3% (n=7/112) in the HA group (OR=0.34 [95% CI: 0.06–1.96] (p=0.23)). After adjustment by the propensity score, the mean WOMAC score was 8.20 (±6.56) in the THA group, compared to 10.78±3.92 on average in the HA group (p=0.031). After adjustment by the propensity score, we did not find any significant difference in the reoperation rate without changing implants and revisions, and postoperative complications. After adjustment by the propensity score, mortality was significantly higher in the HA group 45.5% (n=69/152) versus 91.5% (n=102/112) in the HA group (OR=0.50 [95% CI: 0.25–0.98] (p=0.042)). DiscussionFew studies have compared these two types of implant in the context of trauma. Although the results of our study are not significant regarding the risk of dislocation, the use of a dual mobility cup seems to be a very satisfactory solution in this trauma context. Level of evidenceIII; comparative retrospective cohort.

Terapi Jalā Netī sebagai Upaya Pembersihan Saluran Pernapasan Hidung

<p><em>The nose is a vital respiratory organ that has a role as the first organ that protects the body in the respiratory tract against microorganisms and other harmful substances that are inhaled along with the entry of air. Therefore, nasal hygiene is something that needs to be considered, especially if there are disturbances. One way that can be done is by means of Jalā Netī therapy. Jalā Netī therapy or nasal cleansing is a simple technique that can be used to treat symptoms of problems or diseases that occur in the nasal cavity. Jalā Netī therapy or nasal cleansing has benefits if done properly. Jalā Netī is part of the six body cleansing techniques in Hatha Yoga called Shatkarmā. There are four main texts of Hatha Yoga that describe Jalā Netī including Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Gheranda Samhita, Shiva Samhita and Hatharatnavali. Jalā Netī is performed by flowing warm water mixed with a little salt (Lavan Jalā) from one nostril to the other using a specially designed pot or tool. Jalā Netī has a cleansing effect on the nasal cavity by removing the remaining dirt and microorganisms in the nasal cavity and providing healing therapy for disorders or diseases of the nasal respiratory tract.</em></p>

Teks-Teks Klasik Yoga dan Refleksinya bagi Pengajaran Yoga di Bali

<p><em>The long history of yoga has given birth to a number of important texts that became the source of learning Yoga, at a certain time. Yoga, whose origins are derived from the Rigveda, is a mindful practice of living in which physical and mental training has evolved to become the dominant physical training method in the modern age. A number of classical yoga texts such as Yoga Vasista, Yoga Sutras Patañjali, Goraksasatakam, Gheranda Samhita, Siva Samhita and Hatha Yoga Pradipika have influenced the knowledge and practice of yoga in Bali from the fourth to sixth centuries, before yoga's popularity continued to decline during the colonial period. Yoga is not a new product that has entered the modern era, after the formation of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, but Bali has become a conservationist for the world's yoga baboons. The ancient yoga training center is located on Mount Watukaru, so the yoga tradition is called Ancient Balinese Yoga, the Watukaru Tradition. Although there is no specific mention of the name of the text, a number of the same terminology at the relatively the same era is evidence that the influence of classical yoga texts has reached Bali at that time.</em></p>