Harvest Volume Research Articles

Climate and socioeconomic impacts on Maine's forests under alternative future pathways

This study investigates the combined effects of climate and socioeconomic change on fiber supply and forest carbon in Maine, USA, for broad alternative futures. We conduct an econometric analysis to project forest resource use over the next 80 years under a range of shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) and representative concentration pathways (RCPs). Results show that continued forest successional dynamics – without any harvesting – contribute the most to Maine's aboveground carbon (AGC) accumulation, with 2100 AGC potentially increasing by 140% compared to 2020. On this basis, climate change could result in 2.44–2.64 times greater AGC in 2100 compared to today. Harvest activities are major drivers of forest C dynamics, resulting in 2100 AGC being only 16% >2020. Socioeconomic factors (SSPs) had much larger effects on total harvest and carbon stocks than climate change (RCPs). Harvest volume were projected to increase by 9–29% between 2020 and 2100 for favorable socioeconomic development scenarios (SSP1/SSP2/SSP5) and decrease by 3–29% for unfavorable socioeconomic development scenarios (SSP3/SSP4). Overall, Maine's forest C pools were projected to increase by end-century for RCPs x SSP1/SSP2. This study offers valuable insight on possible methods for region-specific socioeconomic and climate change assessments, particularly in areas with extensive and diverse working forests with mixed ownership.

Understanding the impact of interprovincial trade on forest resources in China

Intensified interprovincial trade causes timber flows between regions in China, exacerbating the contradiction between economic development and forest conservation. To understand the impacts of interprovincial trade on forest resource depletion in China, this study developed a timber-extended multiregional input–output model to quantify the virtual timber harvest volume (THV) of each province. A forest stress index (FSI) is also developed to reflect the pressure of forest resource protection in different regions and evaluate the impacts of interprovincial trade on forest stress at national and provincial scales. The results showed that provinces within main forest zones (e.g., Guangxi, Guangdong, and Fujian) presented higher production-based THV than consumption-based THV while the opposite was true for provinces in the rest of the country (ROC) (e.g., Shanghai, Shandong, and Jiangsu). Interprovincial trade in China resulted in 36.86 million m3 of virtual timber flow annually (2008–2017 average), approximately 16.80% of the country's total production-based THV. During the study period, trade activities continuously reduced China's FSI, but ROC provinces mitigated their forest stress at the cost of increasing the burden on provinces in forest zones. Additionally, distant trade tended to have a stronger effect on provincial forest stress compared with trade between adjacent provinces. The findings identified the critical regions and trade routes that directly or indirectly drove forest degradation and revealed the effects of interprovincial trade on forest stress. Furthermore, this study proposed potential policy measures to promote the sustainable management of forest resources in China.

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) age structure reveals limited establishment and development of age cohorts in response to selection management in northern hardwood forests

Single-tree selection (STS) silviculture has dominated management of northern hardwood forests (NHFs) in the Great Lakes region since introduction the 1960′s. Periodic partial cuttings are assumed to promote and recruit well-stocked natural regeneration, resulting in balanced uneven-aged stand structure with sustainable harvest volumes. However, low sapling density of tree species desirable for management, including typically dominant and economically valuable sugar maple (Acer saccharum), suggests STS may not be effectively recruiting sugar maple in some regions. Few studies have analyzed sugar maple size-age structure to determine whether recruitment failure has been chronic since partial cutting began or is a more recent phenomenon. Here, we analyzed sugar maple age structure, regional patterns, and possible drivers for 51 selection-managed NHF stands located in northern Michigan, USA. Our data were 1499 aged basal discs collected from stumps of sugar maple trees >5 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) harvested winter 2017–2018. Our results offer little evidence to suggest that partial cuttings have promoted well-stocked ingrowth of sugar maple saplings. For most stands, age and diameter were non-linearly related, with a wide range of larger-diameter trees having similar ages. Among stands, sugar maple sawtimber (>24 cm DBH) averaged 106 years old and poletimber (11.4–24 cm DBH) 91 years, along with older than expected saplings (5–11.4 cm DBH) averaging 67 years. Most stands were dominated by a ∼100-year-old upper canopy cohort, with a majority having ≤2 younger cohorts typically of low density and >50 years old. Areas with greater snow water equivalent and lower January minimum temperatures, where deer populations have been historically low, generally have younger sugar maple saplings. Low density and generally old age of smaller size classes led to much lower stocking of age classes <70 years old than expected under STS. Together, this suggests long-term STS management for sugar maple may be unsustainable over large portions of the study region if current trends in forest and deer management continue. Our age structure analysis supports the growing consensus that alternative management may be needed for NHF in parts of the Great Lakes region.

Лесная промышленность горного региона: оценка территориальной организации и рисков развития (по материалам Республики Тыва)

Searching for ways to develop the territories along the eastern border of Russia, including mountainous areas, their manufacturing sectors, among them those in the forestry complex, becomes extremely relevant in current conditions due to the sanctions imposed by the Western countries. In keeping with the goals of this paper and based on studying the stages in the development of economic sectors, analysis and synthesis of data from official statistical sources and authorities as well as modeling of future processes in the mining region, it has been established that in such border mountainous regions of the country as the Republic of Tyva do not fully utilize the existing potential and opportunities for the development of manufacturing, exportoriented industries, especially in the timber industry. In particular, it is shown that in this region, half of the territory of which is covered with forests, there exists a significant potential to increase the volume of harvesting, treatment and deep processing of forest resources (including the volumes of timber up to 1500 thousand m³ per year) and the production of high-quality goods, including the export-oriented ones, provided that environmental protection measures are taken and the level of environmental risks is reduced. The formation of the necessary favorable legislative and legal conditions is proposed for the development of the forest industry in a depressive mountainous region.

Comparing landscape partitioning approaches to protect wildlife habitat in managed forests

Industrial forestry activities can increase landscape fragmentation, impacting wildlife populations, particularly Canada’s woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou. To protect caribou in areas with forestry activities, the province of Ontario, Canada, implemented a Dynamic Caribou Harvest Schedule (DCHS). The DCHS spatially aggregates harvest disturbance into regions and distributes them across the landscape to maintain forest patch size–age distributions consistent with a natural variation range. However, the DCHS may negatively impact the cost of timber supply. We compared the DCHS with an alternative zoning approach that assigned the harvest deferral and operational management zones within a large forest area. We compared these approaches using an optimization model that combined harvest scheduling, access road construction, and caribou protection sub-problems. We formulated the protection of caribou habitat and road construction as network flow problems, while the harvesting problem incorporated the ecological constraints prescribed by the forest management plan. We compared the DCHS and zoning approaches in the Wabadowgang Noopming Forest of Ontario, a boreal area within the caribou distribution zone. For the same volume of sustainable harvest, the zoning approach protected less total area but more habitat and old-growth stands over the long term, and yielded lower timber costs by 1.2–2.2 $·m−3 than the DCHS.

Virtual Three-Dimensional Model Analysis in the Assessment of the Maxillary and Mandibular Donor Sites on Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Images.

Using the Mimics software to assess the maxillary and mandibular donor sites on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 80 CBCT scans. Data in DICOM format were transferred to the Mimics software version 21, and a maxillary and a mandibular mask according to cortical and cancellous bones were virtually created for each patient based on Hounsfield units (HUs). Three-dimensional models were reconstructed, and boundaries of donor sites, including mandibular symphysis, ramus, coronoid process, zygomatic buttress, and maxillary tuberosity, were defined. Virtual osteotomy was conducted on the 3D models to harvest bone. The volume, thickness, width, and length of harvestable bone from each site were quantified by the software. Data were analyzed by independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey's test (alpha = 0.05). The greatest harvestable bone volume and length differences were observed between ramus and tuberosity (P < 0.001). The maximum and minimum harvestable bone volumes were found in symphysis (1753.54 mm3) and tuberosity (84.99 mm3). The greatest difference in width and thickness was noted between the coronoid process and tuberosity (P < 0.001) and symphysis and buttress (P < 0.001), respectively. Harvestable bone volume from tuberosity, length, width, volume from symphysis, and volume and thickness from the coronoid process was significantly greater in males (P < 0.05). The harvestable bone volume was the highest in symphysis, followed by ramus, coronoid, buttress, and tuberosity. The harvestable bone length and width were the highest in the symphysis and coronoid process, respectively. Maximum harvestable bone thickness was found in symphysis.

Harvest Quality, Nucleated Cell Dose and Clinical Outcomes in Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Retrospective Study

Higher doses of infused nucleated cells (NCs) are associated with improved clinical outcomes in bone marrow transplantation (BMT) recipients. Most clinicians recommend infusing at least 2.0×108 NCs/kg. BMT clinicians request a target NC dose, but the harvested NC dose may be below the requested NC dose even before cell processing. We conducted this retrospective study to investigate the quality of bone marrow (BM) harvest and factors that influence infused NC doses at our institution. We also correlated infused NC doses with clinical outcomes. The study population included 347 BMT recipients (median age, 11 years; range, <1 to 75 years) at the University of Minnesota between 2009 and 2019. Underlying diagnoses mainly included 39% malignant and 61% nonmalignant diagnoses. Requested, harvested, and infused NC doses, as well as cell processing data, were obtained from the Cell Therapy Laboratory; clinical outcomes data were obtained from the University of Minnesota BMT Database. BM harvests were facilitated either by our institution (61%) or by the National Marrow Donor Program (39%). Associations of infused doses with baseline characteristics were assessed using the general Wilcoxon test/Pearson's correlation coefficient. The association of infused dose with neutrophil engraftment (absolute neutrophil count >500) by day 42, platelet engraftment (>20,000) by 6 months, acute graft-versus-host disease grade II-IV, and overall survival (OS) at 5 years were evaluated using regression and Kaplan-Meier curves. The median requested NC dose was 3.0×108/kg (range, 2 to 8×108/kg), and the median harvested and infused NC doses were 4.0×108/kg and 3.6×108/kg, respectively. Only 7% of donors had a harvested dose below the minimum requested dose. Moreover, the correlation between requested doses and harvested doses was adequate, with a harvested/requested dose ratio <.5 observed in only 5% of harvests. Additionally, the harvest volume and cell processing method were significantly correlated with the infused dose. Harvest volume exceeding the median of 948 mL was related to a significantly lower infused dose (P < .01). Moreover, hydroxyethyl starch (HES)/buffy coat processing (used to reduce RBCs with major ABO incompatibility) led to a significantly lower infused dose (P < .01). Donor age (median, 19 years; range, <1 to-70 years) and sex did not significantly influence the infused dose. Finally, the infused dose was significantly correlated with neutrophil and platelet engraftment (P < .05) but not with 5-year OS (P=.87) or aGVHD (P=.33). In our program's experience, BM harvesting is efficient and meets the requested minimum dose for 93% of recipients. Harvest volume and cell process play significant roles in determining the final infused dose. Minimizing harvest volume and cell processing could lead to increased infused dose and thus improved outcomes. Moreover, a higher infused dose leads to a better rate of neutrophil and platelet engraftment but not to improved OS, which may be linked to the sample size of our study.

Assessment of the resource base of Rumex tianschanicus Losinsk. in the mountain regions of southeastern Kazakhstan

Inventory of stock economically valuable plant species is one of the urgent tasks in the regional cadastral assessing of plant resources. The results of this will be applied to conduct state monitoring and the flora cadastre in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Genus Rumex L. belongs to Polygonaceae Juss. family and represented by 27 species in the flora of Kazakhstan including 15 medicinal which used in folk and official medicine. For the first time undertaken a cadastre assessment of current ecological state of the flora and plant resources in Almaty region, the stocks of plant raw material of the valuable medicinal Rumex tianschanicus, have been identified and taken into account in 2021-2022 years on the 3 floristic territories (24. Dzhungarsky Alatau, 25. Zailiysky Kungei Alatau, 25a. Ketmen-Terskey Alatau) and 4 administrative (Eskeldinsky, Kegensky, Raiymbeksky, Uigursky) districts. The resource survey of the territories carried out by a route-reconnaissance method using generally accepted resource-study and geobotanical methods. On the surveyed territory the total operational reserve of air-dry underground part of Rumex tianschanicus was 169.5 tons on 113.3 hectares with a total volume of possible annual harvesting of 17.0 tons of air-dry plant raw materials. For commercial harvesting thickets were isolated ridges of Ketmen (Uigur district) and Terskey Alatau (Raiymbek district) which located within 25a floristic region in the southeast of the Almaty region.

Stocks of &lt;i&gt;Onobrychis&lt;/i&gt; (Fabaceae) Raw Materials in the Republic of Azerbaijan

Abstract—The distribution areas and resources of Onobrychis Hill species (the sainfoins) in Azerbaijan were studied. The areas of thickets and the volumes of potential annual harvesting of 19 species, out of 22 common for Azerbaijan, were determined. It was found that sainfoins occupy an area of 1059.6 ha. The biological stock of the above-ground (herb and shoots) and underground (roots) parts in the studied areas is 291.133, 33.715 kg and 317.003 kg, respectively; the exploitable volume is 198.490, 22.371 kg and 214.834 kg, respectively; the potential volume of annual harvesting is 44.624, 14.321 and 5.593 kg of air-dry raw materials, respectively.

Marketability level of potato in Armenia: potato functional properties

Background: Functional food is becoming more and more important for professionals and also for consumers. On the other hand, it is known that the main factors affecting the sale of agricultural products are the general market dynamics, legislation, product range, seasonal sales dynamics, competitors, pricing, buyers and distribution channels. What’s also important is the profile of the company's personnel and the work of personnel in the market, advertising related to the quality of the product, which in recent times is especially based on the "natural" origin and functional value of the product․ Objective: The aim of the current study is to quantify the factors influencing the level of potato marketability through econometric analysis in Armenia. One of the objectives was also to observe whether the population appreciates the functional value of potatoes, which may affect future marketability and yield of potatoes. Methods:Quantitative assessment of the factors influencing the level of potato marketability was carried out with a number of indicators: the yield of the sowing area, the gross harvest and the volume of export and import. Observations were carried out during 10 years (2009 - 2018). A seven-item questionnaire was developed to explore consumer preferences for purchasing potatoes. Results:The level of marketability of potatoes had an increasing trend with the certain fluctuations (years: 2010, 2014, 2016 and 2018). The data on the correlation coefficients on the factors influencing the level of potato marketability indicated that the relationship between the marketability level and potato planting area is inverse to the average level (ryx1 = - 0.615). The correlation between the level of commerciality and yield is direct in the lower middle range (ryx2 = 0.461). The latter shows that increasing the level of yield contributes to the level of marketability. The effects of gross harvest, export and import volumes have a negative impact on the level of commoditization, but the relationship is extremely weak with ryx3 = - 0.214 and ryx4 = - 0.0532 and ryx5 = - 0.105. Interview studies show that factors affecting potato marketability and productivity are subject to change. Conclusion: The increase in metabolic/non-communicable diseases, increased consumer awareness of these diseases and their prevention, as well as developments in organic agriculture and functional food production require changes in economic research and calculations, also related to functional foods. Keywords: potato, market, marketability, organic agriculture, functional food

Quality and quantity of bone at intraoral graft donor sites in type 2 diabetic patients versus healthy controls: A cone-beam computed tomography study

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the quality and quantity of bone at intraoral autogenous graft donor sites in type II diabetes mellitus (DM) patients versus healthy controls using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted on CBCT scans of 50 DM patients and 50 healthy controls between 20-70 years. Maximum height, width, length, and volume of harvestable bone at the symphysis, ramus, palate, and tuberosity were measured bilaterally. The Hounsfield unit (HU) was also calculated to assess bone quality. The two groups were compared regarding the quality and quantity of harvestable bone using an independent t-test. The effect of confounders was analyzed by the regression model (alpha = 0.05). Results: DM patients had significantly lower harvestable bone volume at the symphysis, ramus, and tuberosity than healthy controls (p &lt; 0.001) but this difference was not significant at the palate (p = 0.957). Also, bone quality was significantly lower at the symphysis, ramus, palate, and tuberosity in DM patients (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: Diabetic patients had significantly lower bone quality and quantity at intraoral graft donor sites than healthy controls. Mandibular symphysis had higher bone volume and density than ramus, palate, and tuberosity for graft harvesting in diabetic patients.

Exploring the effects of various rotation lengths on the ecosystem services within a multiple-use management framework

Addressing the spatio-temporal dynamics of forest development under different management scenarios with varying rotation lengths is a challenge in forest management planning. This research aims to forecast forest development and assess the relative consequences of varying rotation lengths on several ecosystem services such as wood production, habitat for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, water provision, soil protection and cultural values. Forest development is simulated with the ETCAP model to examine the long-term effects of various rotation lengths with silvicultural prescriptions on the ecosystem services. Bürücek forest planning unit is used as a case study area with 10,711 ha forests in upper Mediterranean region of Turkey. Shorter rotation lengths are considered one of the main mitigation measures to climate changes in forestry; however, lead to the increased harvest level, net present value, ground water and soil loss, and reductions in the largest stand volume, understory, basal area, carbon storage and the cultural values with less regulated forest structure. The management scenarios with longer rotation lengths, however, have highlighted improvements in the carbon storage, larger standing volume, mean stand age, basal area and cultural values, and reductions in the mean harvest volume, net present value, ground water and soil loss due to larger-even distribution of tree sizes and stand development stages. An aspiration for a higher level of provisioning services for economic motivations may need to be discarded for the sake of enhancing the capacity of forest ecosystems to sequester more carbon and provide better habitat condition for biodiversity conservation with a careful design and selection of rotation lengths. Overall, the choice of optimal rotation length is highly dependent on a desired set of management objectives and target forest structure driven mostly by management interventions with the appropriate type and level of ecosystem services, provided that a thorough understanding of forest dynamics is achieved by considering both risks and uncertainties associated with natural disturbances and socio-economic conditions.

Statistical analysis and modeling of factors of resource potential of agricultural development in the region

In modern realities, the issue of effective use of the existing resource potential of the regions is acute, the solution of which directly affects the effectiveness of the functioning of industrial complexes of both individual territories and the country as a whole. Agriculture consists of a system of interconnected industries that produce various types of agricultural products, ensuring the food security of the state and the quality of life of the population. The purpose of the work was to analyze the resource potential of regional agriculture and identify a set of relevant factors (based on processing the flow of statistical data) on the example of the Orenburg region. The economic and statistical apparatus using the Statistica software package was used as a tool for carrying out correlation and regression analysis and building models. The article analyzes various interpretations of the concept of "potential". The components of the resource potential are considered and the factors characterizing them are ordered. A comparison of a number of indicators of agricultural production (the volume of agricultural production in millions of rubles, the size of the acreage of crops, the volume of gross harvest of grain and potatoes, the number of cattle and pigs) by regions of the Volga Federal District is given. The leading subjects of the district have been identified, among them the Orenburg Region, on the materials of which methods of correlation and regression analysis have been implemented and a set of models has been built. As an example, an econometric model of the impact on the volume of agricultural products of a number of factors (characterizing the resource potential of the region) is given, including the area of agricultural land, the average annual number of agricultural workers, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers per hectare of crops, the cost of fixed assets by type of economic activity, the volume of investments in fixed capital of agriculture farms. The analysis of the variables included in the model is carried out. Taking into account the identified factors, a set of measures aimed at improving the efficiency of agricultural production in the region is formulated.

Estimation of Water and Energy Saving by Rainwater Harvesting: Sulaimani City as a Case Study

Rainwater harvesting could be a possible solution to decrease the consequences of water scarcity and energy deficiency in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI). This study aims to calculate the water and energy (electricity) saved by rainwater harvesting for rooftops and green areas in Sulaimani city, KR, Iraq. Various data were acquired from different formal entities in Sulaimani city. Moreover, Google Earth and ArcMap 10.4 software were used for digitizing and calculating the total rooftop and green areas. The results showed that for the used runoff coefficients (0.8 and 0.95), the harvested rainwater volumes were 2901563 and 12197131 m³ during the study period (2005 – 2006) and (2019-2020). Moreover, by comparing the study area's rainwater harvesting volume and water production, the water-saving percentage was 8.21 to 22.68%. Furthermore, the energy-saving percentage recorded was from 7.70 to 22.5% by implementing rooftop rainwater harvesting. On the other hand, using average daily rainfall data for the year (2005-2020), the total water-saving percentage and the total energy-saving rate for both runoff coefficients were very close. Water and energy-saving results were calculated using year-by-year rainfall data, taking more time and effort for its computation. Moreover, the water-saving percentage for the selected green area was not encouraging, and the results were between 0.73 and 11.15%. Additionally, the storage size for three typical buildings was calculated, and the results show the average storage size required for rainwater harvesting using daily rainfall data was 11.2 to 14.68 m³ (house), 291.42 to 422.33 m³ (school), and 10.5 to 11.41 m³ (hotel) for runoff coefficients of 0.8 and 0.95, respectively.

Three-dimensional radiographic assessment of the mandibular retromolar donor site in different vertical facial growth types

PurposeTo assess volumetrically, the impact of vertical facial growth types (VGFT) on the retromolar area as a bone donor site Material and methods60 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of adult individuals were classified in three groups according to their SN-GoGn angle: hypodivergent group (hG) (33.33%), normodivergent group (NG) (30%) and hyperdivergent group (HG) (36.67%). Total harvestable bone volume and surface (TBV and TBS respectively), total cortical and cancellous bone volume (TCBV and TcBV respectively) and the percentage of cortical and cancellous bone volume (CBV and cBV respectively) were evaluated. ResultsThe whole sample showed a mean TBV of 1220.99±448.81mm³ and a mean TBS of 940.29±259.93mm². Statistically significant differences were found between the different outcome variables and the vertical growth patterns (p<0.001). TBS differs for the different vertical growth patterns with the highest mean of TBS observed in the hG group. TBV also significantly differs between the different vertical growth patterns (p<0.001) with the highest mean observed for the hG individuals. Significant differences in percentages of cBV and CBV were present between the hyper-divergent groups and the other groups (p<0.001) with the hyper-divergent group having the lowest percentage of CBV and the highest percentage of cBV. Conclusionhypodivergent individuals tend to have thicker bone blocks that can be used in onlay technique while thinner bone blocks harvested from hyperdivergent and normodivergent individuals can be used in three-dimensional grafting approach.

Comparison of the harvest volume between maneuvers of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration including the "cross-fanning technique".

Recently, a certain volume of biopsy specimens has been required for genetic testing of tumors using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). This study aimed to verify the superiority of our newly devised EBUS-TBNA biopsy technique, the "cross-fanning technique," which combines rotation and up-down maneuvers, by comparing its harvest volume with that of other maneuvers. Using a bronchoscope simulator, ultrasonic bronchoscope, and 21-gauge puncture needle, we compared the weight of silicone biopsy specimens obtained by the following 4 procedures: Conventional maneuver; Up-down maneuver; Rotation maneuver, and; Cross-fanning technique. Each procedure was repeated 24 times in total, rotating the sequences of the maneuvers, and the operator/assistant pair to align the conditions. The means ± standard deviations of the sample volumes for each puncture technique were as follows: 2.8 ± 1.2 mg; 3.1 ± 1.6 mg; 3.7 ± 1.2 mg, and; 3.9 ± 1.2 mg. There was a significant difference between the 4 groups (P = .024). The post hoc test showed a statistically significant difference between techniques A and D (P = .019). This study showed that the cross-fanning technique might contribute to the increased volume of tissue samples obtained by EBUS-TBNA biopsy.

State and development of grain storage engineering and technologies in Ukraine

Topicality. These researches are due to the grain storage problem, the features of maize grain storage in metal silos under the various environmental factors, as well as more efficient using the material and technical facilities, including the grain storages of new generation. Purpose. To establish the types of grain storage facilities that are most appropriate for storing the yield of different crops, to improve metal silos and maize grain storage technologies. Materials and Methods. During experiments on maize grain storage, we used the metal silo equipped with a system of sensors to measure the temperature in different places of grain heap. We studied two models of grain storages, such as a standard construction (control) and an experimental one thermal isolated with a polyurethane layer. During the storage experiment, grain quality was monitored on grain moisture content, dockage, damage and germination. Results. Different types of grain storage facilities storing main volume of grain harvest were characterized; the technical, economic and technological advantages and disadvantages of grain storage were highlighted; directions for further development are outlined. The features of maize grain storage in the metal silos under influence of external meteorological conditions for 60 day were established. Temperature fluctuations were 7.1–13 °С in grain storage with thermal insulation, 4.5–25.9 °С – without insulation. As a result of significant temperature fluctuations, the grain was moistened by 2.2 %, its acidity increased by 1 degree, germination decreased by 7 %. At the stage of preparation for storage, maize grain should be cleaned to purity of 93–97 % by removing grain impurities. An effective method for this is fractional separation of grain. Conclusions. Thermal insulation of metal silos significantly reduces the negative impact of fluctuations in ambient air temperature, stabilizes the storage mode, and ensures high quality maize grain. The stability of grain during storage increases in the case of selection from it a fraction of grain of small, unfilled, with a low 1000 grain weight. Key words: types of grain storage facilities, metal silo, thermal insulation, maize, quality, cleaning grain before storage

The potential of unclaimed forest resources of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the prospects for their use

The timber industry is one of the oldest industries in Russia, associated with the harvesting and processing of wood. It is responsible for the stock of wood, its removal, primary processing and waste disposal. On the territory of the country there is 1/4 of all the world’s timber reserves, the volume of timber harvesting is estimated at hundreds of millions of cubic meters. An integral part of the logging process is the generation of waste, the volume of which is directly related to the volume of logging operations. Every year in the Russian Federation, 35.5 million m³ of wood waste is generated, which worsens the ecological situation. Forest fires and insect pests are also one of the main causes of the weakening and death of forests. Areas with abandoned wood, affected plantings require priority development, and low-quality wood should be recycled to obtain recyclable materials. The introduction of resource-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient technology, which provides for the processing of waste and the use of secondary raw materials, will help minimize the negative impact of unclaimed wood on the environment.

Management of Curved Bone Defects in the Anterior Maxilla Using Bone Bending via a Kerfed Khoury Split Bone Block Technique.

The loss of teeth causes inevitable resorption of the alveolar bone. In the anterior arches, the curved anatomy further adds to the challenge of rehabilitation. These areas often require the shaping of membranes and multiple bone blocks through complex surgery to compensate for the curvature. The split bone block technique (SBBT) has been successfully used in complicated cases. However, the inability to create curves from the blocks means that larger quantities of bone or membranes are needed to compensate for this. Bone bending based on an ancient woodbending technique known as kerfing is proposed to shape rigid SBB plates to recreate the natural anatomy of anterior arches. Three patients presenting with bone destruction of the anterior maxilla underwent bone augmentation before implant placement using the SBBT combined with kerfing. The plates were successfully bent to the shape of each maxilla without any deleterious effects. All bone grafts healed uneventfully, and the bone curvature was successfully reconstructed. No complications were reported. Implant placement took place after 4 months and definitive restorations after 7 to 9 months. Clinical and radiographic assessments were performed at 1 year. Full customization of autogenous bone plates was possible through kerfing. This approach resulted in an ideal bone curve and shape in the facial and palatal aspects of the anterior maxilla. In addition, it enabled ideal implant placement with reduced bone harvesting volumes and decreased the need for soft tissue augmentation to recreate the curved shape. This technique promoted close-fitting autologous osseous plates that followed the anatomical curvature of the anterior maxilla, leading to optimal healing and excellent regeneration of the ridge width. This principle can be valuable when dealing with complex anatomical defects. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2023;43:203-210. doi: 10.11607/prd.6469.

Changes in suspended‐sediment yields under divergent land‐cover disturbance histories: A comparison of two large watersheds, Olympic Mountains, USA

AbstractImprovements in timber harvest practices and reductions in harvest volumes over the past half century are commonly presumed to have reduced sediment loads in many western US rivers. However, direct assessments in larger watersheds are relatively sparse. Here, we compare 2019–21 sediment concentrations against those of the late 1970s in the Bogachiel and Calawah River watersheds, adjacent and similarly sized (~300 km2) basins in the western Olympic Mountains of Washington State. The Calawah River watershed has experienced significant land‐cover disturbance, including a large 1951 fire, extensive post‐fire salvage logging, and relatively high rates of timber harvest through the 1990s. In contrast, the Bogachiel River watershed did not burn, and experienced only modest timber harvest that largely post‐dated 1970s sediment monitoring. Channel‐width trends suggest the Calawah River was still recovering from 1950s disturbances in the late 1970s. We found that 2019–21 suspended‐sediment loads in the Calawah River were 2.3–2.6 times lower than would have been expected based on 1970s sediment rating curves, while recent loads in the Bogachiel River were a factor of 1.4 ± 1.0 lower. We consider the plausibility and possible explanations of declining concentrations in the less‐disturbed Bogachiel River. Suspended‐sediment yields in the Bogachiel River were two times higher than yields in the Calawah River, which is attributed to a combination of modestly higher precipitation, more efficient runoff generation, and more extensive and erodible Quaternary valley fills in the Bogachiel River. Regional shifts in flood hydrology have also influenced suspended‐sediment loads in both watersheds. Our results then document a significant decline in suspended‐sediment concentrations in the Calawah River over the past half century. Reduced land‐cover disturbance provides the simplest and most likely explanation for this decline, though the wide range of possible concentration changes in the Bogachiel River leaves open possibilities that other processes (human, natural, or methodologic) could be a factor.