Harmonic Rules Research Articles

高斯脉冲非理想条件下的谐波转换规律

高斯脉冲非理想条件下的谐波转换规律

Analysis on Harmonic Characteristics of Electric Vehicle High-Frequency Charger

As a nonlinear load, a large number of electric vehicle chargers inserted into power might bring many challenges, cause harmonic pollution to power grid. In this paper, a high-frequency charger is regarded as a researching object, the power characteristics of charger, harmonic current and impactive parameters are analyzed, and the harmonic analysis model of the charger accessed to power grid is built. Applying the Simulink and SimPowerSystems toolbox in Matlab and the simulation method facing the systems structure of electrical principle, the model is simulated. The harmonic generative rules and characteristics for a single high-frequency charger are present. The results might forecast the harmonic pollution of charge station, and provide the theory base for choosing harmonic control device and methods.

CFTC proposes harmonization rules for mutual funds

PurposeThe paper aims to analyze amendments proposed by the US Commodity Futures Trading Commission to its disclosure, recordkeeping and reporting rules that are designed to resolve or minimize certain conflicts between CFTC rules and US Securities and Exchange Commission rules applicable to registered investment companies (Futures RICs) whose futures and swaps trading will subject their advisers to regulation as commodity pool operators as a result of the amendments to CFTC Rule 4.5.Design/methodology/approachThe paper explains certain significant differences between the CFTC's rules applicable to commodity pool operators (CPOs) and the SEC's rules applicable to Futures RICs and their advisers in the areas of disclosure, reporting and recordkeeping and describes how the CFTC's proposed rules for Futures RICs are intended to resolve or minimize conflicts with SEC rules.FindingsCFTC and SEC rules differ in several significant areas, including the required contents of the disclosure document by which the pool is offered; when the disclosure document has to be delivered; how disclosure documents are updated and reviewed; when periodic reports are required to be made and what they are required to contain; and whether required books and records may be maintained at a location other than the main business office. The proposed harmonization rules attempt to resolve these conflicts by exempting the CPOs of Futures RICs from certain CFTC requirements regarding delivery of disclosure documents and recordkeeping, permitting CFTC‐required disclosures to appear in the prospectuses of Futures RICs after the SEC‐required disclosures and requiring monthly account statements to be posted to the CPO's website rather than distributed to shareholders of Futures RICs. Other conflicts between CFTC and SEC rules applicable to Futures RICs were not addressed by the proposed harmonization rules.Practical implicationsThe proposed harmonization rules attempt to adapt CFTC requirements to Futures RICs that have not been subject to CFTC regulation since 2003. Other conflicts between CFTC and SEC rules were not addressed. The CFTC has not adopted the final rules in this area.Originality/valueThe paper provides expert guidance by lawyers experienced in regulation of CPOs and RICs.

A grammar of action generates predictions in skilled musicians

The present study investigates shared representations of syntactic knowledge in music and action. We examined whether expectancy violations in musical harmonic sequences are also perceived as violations of the movement sequences necessary to produce them. Pianists imitated silent videos showing one hand playing chord sequences on a muted keyboard. Results indicate that, despite the absence of auditory feedback, imitation of a chord is fastest when it is congruent with the preceding harmonic context. This suggests that the harmonic rules implied by observed actions induce expectations that influence action execution. As evidence that these predictions are derived at a high representational level, imitation was more accurate for harmonically incongruent chords than for congruent chords executed with unconventional fingering. The magnitude of the effects of context and goal prioritization increased with musical training. Thus, musical training may lead to a domain-general representation of musical grammar, i.e., to a grammar of action.

Genre classification of music by tonal harmony

In this paper we present a genre classification framework for audio music based on a symbolic classification system. Audio signals are transformed into a symbolic representation of harmony using a chord transcription algorithm, based on the computation of harmonic pitch class profiles. Then, language models built from a ground truth of chord progressions for each genre are used to perform classification. We show that chord progressions are a suitable feature to represent musical genre, as they capture the harmonic rules relevant in each musical period or style. Finally, results using both pure symbolic information and chords transcribed from audio-from-MIDI are compared, in order to evaluate the effects of the transcription process in this task.

Aesthetic judgments of music in experts and laypersons — An ERP study

We investigated whether music experts and laypersons differ with regard to aesthetic evaluation of musical sequences. 16 music experts and 16 music laypersons judged the aesthetic value (beauty judgment task) as well as the harmonic correctness (correctness judgment task) of chord sequences. The sequences consisted of five chords with the final chord sounding congruous, ambiguous or incongruous relative to the harmonic context established by the preceding four chords. On behavioural measures, few differences were observed between experts and laypersons. However, several differences in event-related potential (ERP) parameters were observed in auditory, cognitive and aesthetic processing of chord cadences between experts and laypersons. First, established ERP effects known to reflect the processing of harmonic rule violation were investigated. Here, differences between the groups were observed in the processing of the mild violation — experts and laypersons differed in their early brain responses to the beginning of the chord sequence. Furthermore, ERP data indicated distinctions between experts and laypersons in aesthetic evaluation at three different stages. Firstly, during the interval of task-cue presentation, a stronger contingent negative variation (CNV) to the beauty judgment task was observed for experts, indicating that experts invest more effort into preparation for aesthetic processes than into correctness judgments. Secondly, during the first four chords, preparation for the correctness judgment required more exertion on the laypersons' side. Thirdly, during the last chord, laypersons showed a larger late and widespread positivity for the beauty compared to the correctness judgment, indicating a stronger reliance on internal affective states while forming a judgment.

A General Harmonic Rule Controller for Run-to-Run Process Control

The existence of initial bias in parameter estimation is an important issue in controlling short-run processes in semiconductor manufacturing. Harmonic rule has been widely used in machine setup adjustment problems. This paper generalizes the harmonic rule to a new controller called general harmonic rule (GHR) controller in run-to-run process control. The stability and optimality of the GHR controller is discussed for a wide range of stochastic disturbances. A numerical study is performed to compare the sensitivity of the GHR controller, the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) controller and the variable EWMA controller. It is shown that the GHR controller is more robust than the EWMA controller when the process parameters are estimated with uncertainty.

On the Best 2-CUSUM Stopping Rule for Quickest Detection of Two-Sided Alternatives in a Brownian Motion Model

This work examines the problem of sequential detection of a change in the drift of a Brownian motion in the case of two-sided alternatives. Traditionally, 2-CUSUM stopping rules have been used for this problem due to their asymptotically optimal character as the mean time between false alarms tends to $\infty$. In particular, attention has focused on 2-CUSUM harmonic mean rules due to the simplicity of calculating their first moments. In this paper, expressions for the first moment of a general 2-CUSUM stopping rule and its rate of change are derived. These expressions are used to obtain explicit upper and lower bounds for it and its rate of change as one of the threshold parameters changes. Using these expressions we prove not only the existence but also the uniqueness of the best classical 2-CUSUM stopping rule with respect to the extended Lorden criterion suggested in [O. Hadjiliadis and G. V. Moustakides, Theory Probab. Appl., 50 (2006), pp. 75–85]. In particular, in both the symmetric and the nonsymm...

A new combining rule for fluid mixtures

We present evidence for the regular behaviour of the Boyle temperature TB in gaseous binary mixtures of small molecules with negligible multipolar moments. We use this regularity to construct a new combining rule for the prediction of the cross interaction u12(r) in those mixtures. The combining rule gives TB of the cross interaction as the harmonic mean of the Boyle temperatures of the pure components. The validity of this harmonic rule is based on experimental data of 28 binary mixtures, whose TB have been obtained from experimental data of the cross virial coefficient B12(T). In determining TB we make use of non-conformal potentials that have been proven to represent very accurately the effective interactions of the molecules investigated. The new combining rule is used to give interaction parameters of several dozens of binary mixtures involving noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr and Xe), diatomic molecules (N2, O2 and CO) and n-alkanes (from methane to n-octane). These interaction parameters lead to a prediction of cross virial coefficients B12(T) within experimental error. Electrostatic interactions, originating in permanent dipolar, quadrupolar, octupolar and hexadecapolar moments and exemplified by molecules of HCl, CO2, CF4 and SF6, depart from the regular non-polar behaviour.

FMRI/ERP of musical syntax: comparison of melodies and unstructured note sequences

To date, the neural correlates of musical syntax processing have been investigated mainly by means of paradigms in which isolated chords are made incongruent with the harmonic context. Here, we present results obtained contrasting unfamiliar one-part piano melodies with unstructured note sequences, comparable in pitch and rhythm but devoid of any syntactic structure. This paradigm indexes a superset of the cognitive functions involved in processing of harmonic rules. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, differential activation of a bilateral cortical network comprising the inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and premotor cortex was found. Using event-related potentials, the N2 evoked by each note in melodies was found to have longer latency and a more frontal distribution than that evoked in unstructured sequences.

Analysis of digital spectral processing of laser Doppler vibration meter signals

A digital spectral method of the maximum harmonic for processing laser Doppler vibration meter signals from a surface vibrating according to a harmonic rule is analyzed. A digital model for this signal in the presence of additive and multiplicative noises is suggested. Examples are given for the effect of signal discretization frequency on the error of determining vibration amplitude.

A Unifying View of Some Process Adjustment Methods

We consider the problem of adjusting a machine that starts production after an off-target setup operation. This setup adjustment problem was first studied by Grubbs (1954, 1983). A general formulation for setup adjustment problems is presented in this paper. The formulation unifies some well-known process adjustment schemes, including Grubbs' harmonic and extended rules, adjustment methods based on stochastic approximation and recursive least squares, and a recent method on adaptive EWMA feedback controllers. The proposed formulation is Bayesian and based on a Kalman filter. The formulation allows us to show the equivalence of the setup process adjustment problem with a simple instance of what is called a Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller in the control engineering literature. As an important byproduct, the LQG model allows us to solve more complicated setup adjustment problems with readily available techniques. Extensions to cases in which there are quadratic adjustment costs and in which the problem is multivariate are discussed. The multivariate setup adjustment solution is illustrated with a multihead filling machine example.

Small Sample Performance of Some Statistical Setup Adjustment Methods

The setup adjustment problem occurs when a machine experiences an upset at setup that needs to be compensated for. In this article, feedback methods for the setup adjustment problem are studied from a small-sample point of view, relevant in modern manufacturing. Sequential adjustment rules due to Grubbs (Grubbs, F. E. (1954). An optimum procedure for setting machines or adjusting processes. Industrial Quality Control 07) and an integral controller are considered. The performance criteria is the quadratic off-target cost incurred over a small number of parts produced. Analytical formulae are presented and numerically illustrated. Two cases are considered, the first one where the setup error is a constant but unknown offset and the second one where the setup error is a random variable with unknown first two moments. These cases are studied under the assumption that no further shifts occur after setup. It is shown how Grubbs' harmonic rule and a simple integral controller provide a robust adjustment strategy in a variety of circumstances. As a by-product, the formulae presented in this article allow to compute the expected off-target quadratic cost when a sudden shift occurs during production (not necessarily at setup) and the adjustment scheme compensates immediately after its occurrence.

Peter Maxwell Davies's Basic Unifying Hypothesis: Dominant Logic

It was around the time of his First Symphony (1973-76) that Peter Maxwell Davies stated to think earnestly about the possibility of a work establishing 'its own harmonic rules'. Indeed , up to this point, large scale harmonic organisation in his works of the type found for instance, in the two Taverna fantasias (1962 and 1964) and the Worldes blis (1966-69)- was not then clasified by the composer being nalogous to a tonal procedure.

Process setup adjustment with quadratic loss

A classic adjustment method, the harmonic adjustment rule, minimizes expected quadratic loss where adjustments are easy and cheap, and the items produced during the adjustment process should be as close to target as possible. This paper generalizes the harmonic adjustment rule by explicitly taking into account measurement and adjustment costs. The generalizationis static, in that adjustments are performed at predetermined points. An optimal model and a near-optimal approximation, in which adjustments are spaced roughly according to a geometric sequence, are presented. Skipping small adjustments dynamically my offer further savings, but dynamic models require further research.

Process setup adjustment with quadratic loss

A classic adjustment method, the harmonic adjustment rule, minimizes expected quadratic loss where adjustments are easy and cheap, and the items produced during the adjustment process should be as close to target as possible. This paper generalizes the harmonic adjustment rule by explicitly taking into account measurement and adjustment costs. The generalization is static, in that adjustments are performed at predetermined points. An optimal model and a near-optimal approximation, in which adjustments are spaced roughly according to a geometric sequence, are presented. Skipping small adjustments dynamically may offer further savings, but dynamic models require further research.

The Harmonic Rule for Process Setup Adjustment with Quadratic Loss

We consider a classic adjustment method, introduced by Frank Grubbs, to which we refer as the harmonic adjustment rule. Grubbs gave a constructive proof of continuous optimality, that is the rule minimizes the expected quadratic loss (EQL) every step of the way. We introduce a generalized procedure that allows skipping some adjustments without losing information. We also show how to optimize the sample size. Finally, we show that the harmonic rule is especially advantageous when adjustments can be biased, but that there is a limit to its usefulness when the sample size is large and adjustments are subject to random error. In the latter case, skipping small adjustments becomes particularly attractive.

On the coupling in the final state in the photoelectron spectra

The coupling in the state e+AB + for the He I photoelectron spectra is considered by explicit calculation of the appropriate S † matrix elements. Coulomb functions are taken for the asymptotic states and the additional interaction is approximated by an electrostatic multipole expansion. A fixed body frame treatment is used. The coupling S † elements are given, to first and second order, by multipole integrals and differ according to the change in electronic state energy and R dependence involved. In the approximation used the symmetry (i.e. Λ) of the electronic states remains the same. Vibrational effects are found to depend on whether the identical or different electronic potential curves occur in the multipole matrix elements. Harmonic oscillator selection rules or the displaced oscillator integrals, respectively, determine the extent of the coupling in these two cases. A sample computation is presented for the N2+(X 2Σg) state.