Happy Outcome Research Articles

Katharine Hodgkin, Madness in seventeenth-century autobiography, Early Modern History: Society and Culture Series, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007, pp. vi, 266, £50.00 (hardback 978-1-4039-1765-2).

This study on madness in seventeenth-century England is based on three autobiographical accounts. Katherine Hodgkin starts with an expose of madness in a historical context including a useful discussion of ideas that have developed during the last decades. She stresses not only how blurred the border is between madness and its opposite, but also how closely madness and religious inspiration were connected in the seventeenth century. The discussion on autobiographical writing in the past is less elaborate. This subject is elusive because of changing definitions and blurred borders with other genres, in particular between fiction and described realities. Tales of madness and religious autobiography seem to overlap to a great extent. Three texts are analysed. The first was written by Dionys Fitzherbert, daughter of an Oxfordshire landowner. Her tale of recovery from mental disorder was written around 1610. Besides the surviving autograph, there are fair copies still kept in libraries. She described a delirious condition lasting several months which is, however, not presented as madness but as spiritual affliction. The second author is Hannah Allen, daughter of a Presbyterian merchant family living in Derbyshire and London. She descended into melancholy in the 1660s, after she was widowed and left with a child. Her life story was published in 1683. She tells her readers about her conviction that she was damned, worthless and monstrous, and how at one point she refused to eat. This is all a familiar part of a conversion story, but her sufferings are not presented as a punishment by God, but as an illness from which she recovered. George Trosse, the third author, also had a mercantile background, and after his spell of madness became a nonconformist minister in Exeter. He wrote his Life in 1693, which was published after his death in 1713. He describes his hallucinations, deliriums and violent behaviour, which in this case are all seen as God's punishment for his sinfulness. This text even more resembles a conversion story, especially with the happy outcome. Besides belonging to the same genre, the three stories have another thing in common: all the authors were cured of their madness. They give some information about the physical and spiritual help they received. In the end, guidance was more important than medicines. Fitzherbert thanks the wife of her doctor for her counsel, without even mentioning his medicines. Hannah Allen was cured by an unnamed minister. A kinsman also proposed to bring her into contact with the nonconformist divine, Richard Baxter. Trosse was cured by a lay woman, maybe also a doctor's wife. The escape from madness was in all three cases through conversation. How the process of healing should be phrased, is a point of discussion. Hodgkin stresses the metaphor of travel as well as, in the case of Trosse, actual travelling through Europe. Writing down this experience was perhaps of help too. Unfortunately, little is said about the authors themselves and their texts. Is it important that the first has survived only in manuscript and the two other texts were published in print? In fact the existence of fair copies of a manuscript point to a form of manuscript publishing still common in the seventeenth century. In the other two cases, the possible role of an editor or publisher is not even mentioned. The text of Trosse is obviously studied only from a modern edition. The important work by Michael Mascuch in this field is mentioned, but not really used. However, the next publication by Katharine Hodgkin will be an edition of the manuscripts of Dionys Fitzherbert, which will offer an opportunity to return to this aspect of madness and autobiographical writing.

THE CLASH BETWEEN THEATER AND FILM

This essay examines approaches to theater‐to‐film adaptation in the 1920s by focusing on Germaine Dulac's writings and films, in particular La Souriante Madame Beudet (1923). It analyzes the systematic nature of Dulac's translation of Denys Amiel's and André Obey's homonymous play to film form, suggesting that her picture maintains a respect for the play up until the concluding moments when her feminist perspective refused to sanction the play's happy outcome. Dulac uses cinematic technique to explore the inner life and drama of her characters (particularly Madeline Beudet), rather than present their exterior actions as in the theater. At the same time she fosters a sense of the theatrical space—the Beudet household—as a claustrophobic, prison‐like locale in which Madeline Beudet has been trapped. The essay also points toward a group of silent films that share a radical approach to the adaptation of theatrical texts. It suggests that these films constitute a formation comparable in important ways to a group of post‐war films identified and celebrated by Bazin.

Catullus 23 as Roman Comedy

In c. 23, Catullus refuses to give Furius a loan because he considers his friend to be "fortunate enough" in his impoverished state. Although this poem appears to be no more than a sarcastic response to Furius's request, it contains numerous parallels to Roman comedy. Catullus uses comic themes to portray Furius as the penniless lover familiar from Plautine comedy. At the same time, he subverts these themes in order to deprive Furius of a happy outcome to his love affair.

Combining docking and molecular dynamic simulations in drug design

A rational approach is needed to maximize the chances of finding new drugs, and to exploit the opportunities of potential new drug targets emerging from genomic and proteomic initiatives, and from the large libraries of small compounds now readily available through combinatorial chemistry. Despite a shaky early history, computer-aided drug design techniques can now be effective in reducing costs and speeding up drug discovery. This happy outcome results from development of more accurate and reliable algorithms, use of more thoughtfully planned strategies to apply them, and greatly increased computer power to allow studies with the necessary reliability to be performed. Our review focuses on applications and protocols, with the main emphasis on critical analysis of recent studies where docking calculations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were combined to dock small molecules into protein receptors. We highlight successes to demonstrate what is possible now, but also point out drawbacks and future directions. The review is structured to lead the reader from the simpler to more compute-intensive methods. Thus, while inexpensive and fast docking algorithms can be used to scan large compound libraries and reduce their size, more accurate but expensive MD simulations can be applied when a few selected ligand candidates remain. MD simulations can be used: during the preparation of the protein receptor before docking, to optimize its structure and account for protein flexibility; for the refinement of docked complexes, to include solvent effects and account for induced fit; to calculate binding free energies, to provide an accurate ranking of the potential ligands; and in the latest developments, during the docking process itself to find the binding site and correctly dock the ligand a priori.

Epithelial hamartoma of liver.

Abstract The successful removal of an epithelial hamartoma from the liver of a 7-month-old African child is reported. This hamartoma weighed 1875 g. and is believed to be the largest tumour of this type described in such a young patient. This case indicates that a ‘hopeless abdomen’ is always worth exploring in anticipation of the occasional happy outcome.

주성분 분석과 나이브 베이지안 분류기를 이용한 퍼지 군집화 모형

자조의 표현에서 군집화는 주어진 데이터를 서로 유사한 개체들끼리 몇 개의 집단으로 묶는 작업을 수행한다. 군집화의 유사도 결정 측도는 맡은 연구들에서 매우 다양한 것들이 사용되었다. 하지만 군집화 결과의 성능 측정에 대한 객관적인 기준 설정이 어렵기 때문에 군집화 결과에 대한 해석은 매우 주관적이고, 애매한 경우가 많다. 퍼지 군집화는 이러한 주관적인 군집화 문제에 있어서 객관성 있는 군집 결정 방안을 제시하여 준다. 각 개체들이 특정 군집에 속하게 될 퍼지 멤버 함수값을 원소로 하는 유사도 행렬을 통하여 군집화를 수행한다. 본 논문에서는 차원 축소기법의 하나인 주성분 분석과 강력한 통계적 학습 이론인 베이지안 학습을 결합한 군집화 모형을 제안하여, 객관적인 퍼지 군집화를 수행하였다. 제안 알고리즘의 성능 평가를 위하여 UCI Machine Loaming Repository의 Iris와 Glass Identification 데이터를 이용한 실험 결과를 제시하였다. In data representation, the clustering performs a grouping process which combines given data into some similar clusters. The various similarity measures have been used in many researches. But, the validity of clustering results is subjective and ambiguous, because of difficulty and shortage about objective criterion of clustering. The fuzzy clustering provides a good method for subjective clustering problems. It performs clustering through the similarity matrix which has fuzzy membership value for assigning each object. In this paper, for objective fuzzy clustering, the clustering algorithm which joins principal components analysis as a dimension reduction model with bayesian learning as a statistical learning theory. For performance evaluation of proposed algorithm, Iris and Glass identification data from UCI Machine Learning repository are used. The experimental results shows a happy outcome of proposed model.

The anatomy of hope: How people prevail in the face of illness

The anatomy of hope: How people prevail in the face of illness

Kindness and nursing

Thousands of young people are starting to settle into university. It is new, different and scary, but the majority will adapt well, have fun, and learn a lot about life and—hopefully—about the subject they are studying. As time passes they will grow up and establish relationships that will be important to them throughout life. A few have less happy outcomes and, as parents, this is our main fear as they move on to this new stage of their lives where they may know no one.

Happy outcome after 18 months in 'job from hell'.

A NURSE from India who says she endured 18 months of hell working at a nursing home finally has a reason to smile after landing a job at a London hospital.

A Happy Outcome is Worth Waiting for?

A Happy Outcome is Worth Waiting for?

Electromagnetic units and equations

Different systems of units are often used in electrical engineering and in physics, causing difficulties when the need arises to convert from one system of units to another. This can be a problem in certain areas of electromagnetism, as in microwave engineering when dealing with magnetic materials and devices, or with electromagnetic-wave propagation. It arises, for example, when converting between units or equations of the (rationalized, unsymmetrical) meter, kilogram, second, and ampere system and the (nonrationalized symmetrical) Gaussian system often used in physics. This paper solves the problem by means of Gedanken ("in-the-mind") experiments. You are invited to join "Alice in Wonderland," where anything is possible and every experiment has a happy outcome.

So Many Worlds, So Much to Do: Historical Specificity and Gender Politics

Jo Freeman. A Room at a Time: How Women Entered Party Politics. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2000. xii + 352 pp. ISBN 0-8476-9804-1 (cl). Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt. Gendered Compromises: Political Cultures and the State in Chile, 1920-1950. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000. xiv + 346 pp.; ill. ISBN 0-8078-2567-0 (cl); 0-8078-4881-6 (pb). Aili Mari Tripp. Women and Politics in Uganda. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2000. xxvii + 277 pp; ill. ISBN 0-299-16480-2 (cl); 0-299-16484-5 (pb). Diane Urquhart. Women in Ulster Politics 1890-1940: A History Not Yet Told. Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2000. 276 pp. ISBN 0-7165-2627-1 (cl). Can there be such a thing as a woman-friendly state? Not one of these four studies of women and the state offers assurance of such a happy outcome, although each reports women's progress in gaining access to and recognition from states that were once the exclusive creation and possession of men. Still, none recounts any fundamental change in the organization of the state that can be attributed to women. In no case has a redistribution of power to women from men approached equity. Where women have succeeded in changing the agenda of politics, they have not necessarily seen outcomes going their way nor controlled the implementation of public policies that deeply affect their lives.

Under blåsvarta färger. Den estniska konstitutionella krisens verkningar i de finsk-estniska relationerna åren 1934-1938 by Andr� Sahlstr�m (review)

i6o SEER, 8o, I, 2002 reallyneed to be told on three separateoccasions (pp. 7, I3 and 27) about the move from theJulian to the Gregoriancalendar? All this, of course, is not entirely the fault of the author. Murphy has been verypoorly servedby the publisherof thismessyvolume. Department ofHistoy JONATHAN D. SMELE Queen Mary,University ofLondon Sahlstrom, Andre. Underblasvarta fdrger.Den estniskakonstitutionella krisens verkningar i de fnsk-estniskarelationerna aren i934-i938. Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki, 2000. 322 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. German summary. FM I50.00. THE crisis of democracy in the I930S did not leave a single one of Europe's new democracies untouched. Usually, the successor states of the former Austro-Hungarianand Russian empires adopted some kind of authoritarian rule. Only in the cases of Finlandand Czechoslovakiadid democraticregimes survive. In the case of Finland the happy outcome was doubtless, to some extent at least, due to the exceptionally long democratic traditions. For example, Finland establisheduniversalsuffrageas earlyas in I906 -the first countryto do so, albeitnon-sovereign,in Europe. On the otherhand, Finland had also experienced a bloody civil war in I9I8. This had not, however, destroyedthe democraticpolitical systemand the Social Democratic partywhich had now retiredfrom the barricades scoredwell in the electionsjust a few months afterthe war. The fact that yesterday'sredsvery soon returned to the political scene and even formed a minority government in 1926, very much irritatedtherightistelements,who in I930 organizednon-parliamentary pressure groups and also succeeded in banning the Communist movement. The new anti-communist laws, however, were also used against rightist extremists during the first half of I930s. Consequently, the rightist mass movement, which had been a powerfulfactorin I930, was soon marginalized into one politically insignificantparty and a handful of fascisticgroups. The crucial result of this process was that Finnish conservatives distanced themselves from right-wing radicalism. By I934 the radical rightist party, which hadjust 7 per cent of the seats in the parliament,had definitelyparted ways fromthe moderate conservativewing. For Estonia, the crisisof democracy had more seriousconsequences. As in Finland, there was also in Estonia an element that was dissatisfiedwith the prevailing democratic system, which was considered to be ineffective and unable to answer to the challenges of the time; these included the economic difficultiesarisingfromthe greatdepressionand the heightened activityof the Moscow-led communists. In the case of Estonia, the democratic systemgave way to an authoritarianregime,which hasbeen called a 'centristdictatorship'. Relations between Finland and Estonia were quite intimate during the establishment of Estonia's independence. A Finnish auxiliary force had significantlycontributedto the repulsionof Bolshevikmilitaryaggression.Up to 1922 Finland had also closely cooperated in what had been called 'The Baltic Rim Cooperation' (reunavaltioylteistyd). This cooperation had, however, REVIEWS i6i lost most of itspolitical significancealreadyby I922, when a defence pact had been rejected by the Finnish parliament. Thereafter, relations had been strainedby severalfactors,including large scale Estonian smugglingof spirits into Finland, which had introduced Prohibition in I9I9. On the part of the Estonians,therewas also resentmentwith regardto the supposed'bigbrother' attitudesof the Finns. Andre Sahlstrom'sbook covers the period I934-38, duringwhich Estonia adopted Pats's dictatorship and Finland in turn got a broad-based left-andcentre coalition government and, in foreignpolicy, adopted the Scandinavian orientation. Sahlstrom's theme is the Estonian constitutional crisis and its impact on Finnish-Estonian relations. The central issue, which took the attentionof both partiesduringtheseyears,was a miscarriedplan fora rightist coup d'&tat in Estoniain I935. The abortivecoup did not claim casualties,but it was establishedthat there were Finnish connections: Finnish dynamite and hand grenadeshad been procuredby Estonianemigrantswho lived in Finland in cooperation with Finnish rightistelements, especiallywith members of the leadershipof the youth organizationof the Finnishradicalrightistparty,IKL. The case was discussed in the press and on the Estonian side and there was quite a lot of resentment regarding the alleged Finnish protection of the Estoniandiversionistactivity.Yet,thisaccusationlackedfoundation. Estonian resentment must ratherbe viewed in a largercontext: Finnishcriticismof the Estonian political system was seen to be condescending. The 'war of words' over the Gulf of Finland was not without political consequences. Finland, which officiallyadopted the Scandinavianorientationin I935, was stillfurther estranged from Estonia. Both countries went definitively their own way. In Finland, the scandal of the Estonian conspiracy still further estranged lawabidingcitizensfromthe rightistradicals,whose prestige,popularityand even organizationalresourceswere gravelyaffected...

Missing in action: verbal metaphor for information technology

The rapid spread of Information Technology (IT) in recent years and the role it plays in many aspects of our lives has not left language use untouched. A manifestation of this role is the degree of linguistic creativity that has accompanied technological innovation. In English, this creativity is seen in the semantic relabeling of established terms such as web, bug, virus, firewall, etc. Another strategy favored by IT lexifiers is the use of lexical items clustered in heavy premodifying groups, as in random access memory, disk operating system, central processing unit, and countless others (White, 1999). In brief, IT technology – and in particular, the World Wide Web – has made it possible for users to break free of many linguistic codes and conventions (Lemke, 1999).For the linguist, the happy outcome of the spread of IT is that it has created an opportunity to analyze the simultaneous development of technology and the language that encodes it and the influence of one on the other (Stubbs, 1997). To linguists of a broadly functional disposition, this is a chance to confirm the observation that scientific language differs substantially from everyday language. More importantly, it is also a chance to verify the claim made chiefly by Halliday & Martin (1993) that this difference in the characteristics of each of these discourses stems from a radical difference between scientific and common sense construals of the world around us.

Apolonij Rodoški v katulovi 64. pesmi

Interpretacija Katulove pesnitve o Peleju in Tetidi (c. 64) v odnosu do Apolonija Rodoškega in tradicije helenisticnega epilija. Osnova za upodobitev Ariadne po zgledu Medeje je Apolonijev exernplurn (Arg. 3,997ss.; 1074ss.; 1096ss.; 4,423ss.), ki ga je Katul sledeč kompozicijskemu vzorcu kratke epike (Moshova Evropa) razširil v digresijo s paralelnim mitom; ironična dvoumnost Apolonijevega mitološkega primera se v skladu z značilno miselno strukturo Katulovih liričnih pesmi (quondarn - nunc) umakne polarnemu nasprogu med srečnim Pelejem in zapuščeno Ariadno, vendar srečna verzija Ariadnine zgodbe in namigi na tragične okoliščine Tetidine svatbe ostajajo prisotni v ozadju in ustvarjajo vtis komplementarne celote.

Jehovah's Witnesses' blood policy

For a brief moment earlier this month there seemed to be a change to a spiritual doctrine that has worried physicians and surgeons for many years. Jehovah's Witnesses, the 6 million adherents of a Christian religion, interpret a biblical injunction as meaning that transfusions of whole blood or its primary components are not allowed. Sometimes alternatives or specialists in blood-free management, or both, are available, and the Jehovah's Witnesses try to educate doctors about these; or the patient survives the crisis without blood. Less happy outcomes are recourse to the courts—or the avoidable, in a clinician's view, death of a patient. Treatment without consent: a medicolegal precedentThe management of lifethreatening emergencies in Jehovah's Witnesses is complicated by the refusal of such patients to accept a blood transfusion. A recent case seems to set a legal precedent. Full-Text PDF

Pediatric Update A 9-month-old with bradycardia and periodic apnea

The patient was discharged approximately 36 hours after admission to the emergency department. At that time she was awake and alert and responding appropriately to her surroundings. Her vital signs were within normal limits. It took approximately 2 weeks to receive the baby's clonidine level, which was 11.0 ng/mL; the therapeutic level is between 0.5 to 4.5 ng/mL. We came to the conclusion that the babysitter's clonidine patch had accidentally fallen into the playpen, where the baby subsequently sucked on it. To this day, the babysitter denies any involvement. Situations such as this confront emergency nurses every day, and questions arise regarding intent. In this case, the physician interviewed the babysitter and believed that the overdose was unintentional. Once again we are reminded of the fragility of life, the importance of capable, cautious caregivers, and just how easily accidents can happen. What a happy outcome this turned out to be after what appeared to be such a grave medical emergency on presentation!

The wealth and poverty of nations: why some are so rich and some so poor

Now that the old division of the world into the two power blocs of East and West has subsided, the great gap in wealth and health that separates North and South remains the single greatest problem and danger facing the world of the Third Millennium. The only challenge of comparable scope and difficulty is the threat of the environmental deterioration, and the two are intimately connected, indeed are one. David Landes argues that the North-South division is the great drama of our times, and that drama implies tension, passion, conflict and disappointment as well as happy outcomes. While Landes does not claim to have all the answers, he offers suggestions - although their impact is dependent upon a radical reappraisal of cultural values. Numerous historical examples are drawn together on global history, economics and the future.

MATERNAL AND FETAL IMPLICATIONS OF ANTICONVULSIVE THERAPY DURING PREGNANCY

A team approach with close communication among the obstetrician, neurologist, pediatrician, and patient will result in an uneventful pregnancy in most epileptic women. Women should be counseled regarding the greater than 90% likelihood of a favorable outcome. Maternal and neonatal outcome can be optimized by carefully evaluating the clinical necessity of anticonvulsant medications preconceptionally. One can then prescribe an appropriate choice based on seizure type and history of response, with a goal of achieving monotherapy at the lowest effective dose. Nonpharmacologic intervention, such as avoiding high levels of stress and sleep deprivation, will also help the patient to remain seizure-free during the pregnancy. In addition, folic acid and vitamin K can help optimize neonatal outcome. In short, most epileptic women will experience a normal pregnancy, labor, and delivery of a healthy baby and can breastfeed if desired. Although the incidence of congenital malformations with any anticonvulsant is increased, the actual incidence remains relatively low. Despite the shortcomings and risks of anticonvulsants, adequate therapy is clearly preferable to uncontrolled seizure activity. Women should be encouraged to optimize their anticonvulsive therapy prior to pregnancy, usually resulting in adequate therapy throughout the pregnancy and postpartum, with a happy and healthy outcome for mother and infant.

Children's Emotional Reactions to a Scary Film The Role of Prior Outcome Information and Coping Style

An experiment examined the influence of happy outcome information and coping style on children's emotional responses to a frightening film sequence. Fourth and fifth graders viewed a program that included a threatening scene and a happy resolution. Before viewing, they heard an audiotaped introduction that either described the happy outcome or did not. Children's preferred coping style was classified as blunting or monitoring, using Miller's Child Behavioral Style Scale. Hypotheses were derived from theory and research on emotion, responses to suspense, and self-regulation processes. Consistent with expectations, prior knowledge of the happy outcome reduced self-reported fear and worry for Hunters but not for monitors. Regardless of coping style, outcome information reduced children's facial expressions of fear and increased positive affect during the conclusion of the show. Interpretations of the findings, as well as implications for understanding emotional responses to mass media, are discussed.