Hand Held Research Articles

Accuracy of pulsatile photoplethysmography applications or handheld devices vs. 12-lead ECG for atrial fibrillation screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The relative accuracy of pulsatile photoplethysmography applications (PPG) or handheld (HH) devices compared with the gold standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) for the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation is unknown. Digital databases were searched to identify relevant articles. Raw data were pooled using a bivariate model to calculate diagnostic accuracy measures and estimate Hierarchical Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic (HSROC). A total of 10 articles comprising 4296 patients (mean age 68.9years, with 56% males) were included in the analysis. Compared with EKG, the pooled sensitivity of PPG and HH devices in AF detection was 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.96; p < 0.05) and 0.87 (95% CI. 0.74-0.94; p < 0.05), respectively. The pooled specificity of PPG and HH devices in AF detection was 0.91 (95% CI 0.88-0.94; p < 0.05) and 0.96 (95% CI 0.90-0.98; p < 0.05), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio was 129 and 144 for PPG and HH devices, respectively. Fagan's nomogram showed the probability of a patient having AF and normal rhythm on PPG or HH devices was 2-3%, while the post-test probability of having AF with an irregular R-R interval on PPG or HH devices was 73% and 82%, respectively. The scatter plot of positive and negative likelihood ratio showed high confirmation of AF and reliability of exclusion of absence of irregular R-R intervals (positive likelihood ratio > 10, and negative likelihood ratio < 0.1) on HH devices while PPG was used as confirmation only. The PPG or HH devices can serve as a reliable alternative for the detection of AF.

Cost-Benefit relationship between Hand Held Ultra-Sound (HHUS) and Automated Breast Ultra-Sound (ABUS) as a complementary scan for Mammography in detection of breast lesions

Abstract Aim of the Work to compare between HHUS and 3D ABUS, according to their benefits and limitations as a complementary scan for mammography in detection of breast lesions. Patients and Methods The study was conducted on 30 female patients with breast masses diagnosed by clinical examination or by sonomammography in Radiology Department at Al Sheikh Zayed Aal Nahian hospital and Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from October 2018 and August 2019. Findings were confirmed by histopathological biopsy or at least 6 months follow up. Results Statistically significant difference between ABUS and HHUS time of examination in favor of ABUS with P-value &amp;gt;0.0001 and 95%CI-5.7:-4.4, as ABUS time of examination was (mean+/- SD: 4.1 +/-0.9) and HHUS was (mean +/- SD: 9.2 +/-2.0). In this study; 8 out of 30 were malignant lesions and 22 were benign findings. HHUS showed higher sensitivity than ABUS (100% versus 88%); specificity (86%, 91%), positive predictive value (73%, 78%) and negative predictive value (100%, 95%) respectively. HHUS and ABUS shows nearly perfect agreement regarding lesion classification(benign &amp;malignant).with Cohen’s kappa (κ) 0.85, and also regarding BIRADS classification With Weighted kappa 0.824. Conclusion There is a near perfect agreement between ABUS and HHUS diagnostic performance (κ) 0.85,and statistically significant difference in time of examination in favor of ABUS as it is operator independent and provide large scanned area in every single sweep and also aided with computer software, but HHUS still have higher sensitivity than ABUS and that may be attributed to ABUS limitations to evaluate axillary lymph nodes and lack of Doppler, so ABUS may serve as an effective, adjunct, screening tool to mammography and hand held Sonography.

LAND BASED EXERCISES VERSUS POOL BASED EXERCISES FOR SWIMMER’S SHOULDER IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS: RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL

To compare the effect of Land based exercises and Pool based exercises for shoulder strength to reduce shoulder pain in competitive swimmers using Shoulder Pain Disability Index (SPADI) score, Hand-Held dynamometer (HHD), Randomized Clinical trial.29 competitive swimmers with age group between 8 to 18 years were evaluated for shoulder pain using Shoulder Pain Disability Index Score [SPADI] and shoulder strength was evaluated using Hand Held Dynamometer [HHD] before and after the study. Then all the subjects were divided into 2 groups, for Group A Pool based exercises were given and for Group B Land based exercises were given. Statistically there is significant difference in values of outcome measures after the study in both groups but there is more significant difference in Group A than Group B. Pool based exercises showed more significant effect on shoulder pain than land based exercises in swimmer’s shoulder.

How Accurate and Ethical is the Information on your Hand Sanitizer?

I hold in my hand the bottle of hand sanitizer I applied before I started typing this letter to the editor. The label says “kills 99.9% of germs”. Really?! I hate to burst the bubble and rain on the parade of the millions of people using hand sanitizers in this sad season of the corona virus, but you have to know a secret. Nobody Has Ever Killed The Corona Virus Or Any Other Virus. EVER.

Effects of Hand Holding on Anxiety and Pain During Prostate Biopsies: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

BackgroundEffective pain management is limited for patients during prostate biopsy (PBx). Touch support, such as hand holding, has stress-buffering benefits and effective analgesic effects. We conducted a prospective, single-center randomized clinical trial to assess whether hand holding can reduce patient anxiety, pain, and dissatisfaction during PBx.MethodsBetween April 2020 and October 2020, 120 male patients were randomized into three groups: a hand holding with relatives (HR) group, a hand holding with strangers (HS) group and a control group. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used for self-assessments of pain and satisfaction. Anxiety levels were quantified according to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Hemodynamic changes were also measured.ResultsThe degree of pain and anxiety in the hand-holding groups was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.001), and the patients were more willing to undergo repeat PBx (P=0.017). The anxiety levels in the HR group were significantly lower than those in the HS group (P=0.019). During PBx, the changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the hand-holding groups were more stable than those in the control group (P<0.01), and the fluctuations in heart rate in the HR group were smaller than those in the HS group (P<0.01).ConclusionHand holding, especially with relatives, can promote incremental reductions in anxiety, pain and dissatisfaction in patients during PBx. Hence, we recommend hand holding with relatives as an effective adjunct during PBx.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Generational Hand-Holding at the End of Life.

Generational Hand-Holding at the End of Life.

Pneuma: entrepreneurial science in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic - a tale of industrialisation and international cooperation

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; When the COVID-19 pandemic hits Portugal in early March 2020, medical doctors, engineers and researchers, with the encouragement of the Northern Region Health Administration, teamed up to develop and build, locally and in a short time, a ventilator that might eventually be used in extreme emergency situations in the hospitals of northern Portugal. This letter tells you the story of Pneuma, a low-cost emergency ventilator designed and built under harsh isolation constraints, that gave birth to derivative designs in Brazil and Morocco, has been industrialized with 200 units being produced and is now looking forward to the certification as a medical device that will possibly support a go-to-market launch. Open intellectual property (IP), multidisciplinarity teamwork, fast prototyping and product engineering have shortened to a few months an otherwise quite longer idea-to-product route, clearly demonstrating that when scientific and engineering knowledge hold hands great challenges can be successfully faced.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Slippin’ into Darkness

Slippin’ into Darkness

Diagnostic image quality of hand-held and wall-mounted X-ray devices in bitewing radiography: a non-inferiority clinical trial.

The present clinical trial was intended to clarify whether subjective assessments of diagnostic X-ray image quality achieved via hand-held (HH) Nomad Pro 2 (KaVo Kerr, Brea, CA, USA) X-ray device is non-inferior that of the wall-mounted (WM) KaVo Focus (KaVo Dental, Bieberich, Germany). A prospective, cross-over, and in vivo non-inferiority clinical trial was conducted to compare these two diagnostic modalities. Based on sampling calculations, 205 patients were selected for study, generating 410 paired bitewing radiographs in randomized sequence. The films were assessed independently, engaging three observers blinded to modality for random, side-by-side-comparisons. Diagnostic image quality was rated as follows: no preference, HH preference, or WM preference. Observer judgements were combined accordingly to reach a majority. Collective observer ratings indicated no preference for diagnostic image quality in 63.9% of cases, with WM preference at 16.6% and HH preference at 19.5%. The difference in HH and WM preferences (19.5%-16.6% = 2.9%) was within the expected 95% confidence interval. Majority agreement was reached in 82.7%. Subjectively assessed diagnostic image quality in bitewing radiographs acquired by HH and WM devices did not differ significantly. The hand-held device is thus non-inferior to the WM in this regard. Our data set of paired bitewing radiographs may subsequently aid in future research.

Multimodal Continuous User Authentication on Mobile Devices via Interaction Patterns

Behavior‐based continuous authentication is an increasingly popular methodology that utilizes behavior modeling and sensing for authentication and account access authorization. As an appearing behavioral biometric, user interaction patterns with mobile devices focus on verifying their identity in terms of their features or operating styles while interacting with devices. However, unimodal continuous authentication schemes, which are on the basis of a single source of interaction information, can only deal with a particular action or scenario. Hence, multimodal systems should be taken to suit for various environmental conditions especially in circumstances of attacks. In this paper, we propose a multimodal continuous authentication method both based on static interaction patterns and dynamic interaction patterns with mobile devices. Behavioral biometric features, HMHP, which is combined hand motion (HM) and hold posture (HP), are essentially established upon the touch screen and accelerator and capture the variation model of microhand motions and hold patterns generated in both dynamic and static scenes. By combining the features of HM and HP, the fusion feature HMHP achieves 97% accuracy with a 3.49% equal error rate.

Comparing software frameworks of Augmented Reality solutions for manufacturing

Augmented reality (AR) is a technology that allows overlaying of virtual elements on top of the physical environment. This enhances the perception and conveys additional information to the user. With the emergence of industry 4.0 concepts in manufacturing landscape, AR found its way to improve existing Human-Machine Interfaces (HMI) on the shop-floor. The industrial setting has a wide variety of application opportunities from AR, ranging from training and digital work instructions to quality inspection and remote maintenance. Even though its implementation in the industry is rising in popularity, it is still mainly restricted to large companies due the limited availability of resources in Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SME). However, SMEs can benefit from AR solutions in its production processes. Therefore, this research aims to develop and present the results of comparison of two simple and cost-effective AR software frameworks for Hand Held Device (HHD) and a Head Mounted Device (HMD), which can be applied for developing AR applications for manufacturing. Two AR applications are developed using these software frameworks which are presented in the case study section. Android device is chosen as a HHD and HoloLens is the HMD used in the case study. The development structure can be reproduced by a wider range of enterprises with diverse needs and resource availability.

Relationship between Children&apos;s Refusal to Hold Hands while Walking and Parental Tendency of Attachment and Caregiving

Relationship between Children&apos;s Refusal to Hold Hands while Walking and Parental Tendency of Attachment and Caregiving

Assessment of air quality within Maiganga coal mining area in Akko Local Government Area, Gombe State, Nigeria

Anthropogenic activity especially coal mining contributes immensely to environmental pollution within coalmine and the host community especially if not well managed. This study is on the assessment of air quality in and around Maiganga coalmine, with the objectives of finding out the ambient concentration levels of criteria air pollutants within the coalmine, the Maiganga community and the four control sites 2km north, south, east and west of the coalmine, as well as compare the findings with the concentration levels of pollutants recommended as acceptable safety limits set by Federal Ministry of Environment, FMEnv. Six sampling locations were selected for detail assessment, with one point in each of the sites mentioned. Measurement of concentrations of criteria air pollutants; sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) were taken in-situ using Personal Toxic Gas Monitor (Tango TXI single gas monitor). Fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), were collected using a Portable Counter HT – 9601 (PM2.5 and PM10) personal dust meter high volume gravity sampler. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were also measured using a Portable Hand Held Gas Detector (Porcheck+). The study was done during the dry season and the results revealed that, coarse paticulate matter (PM10) was above the stipulated safety limit of 250µg/m3 set by the FMEnv for the coal mine area and Maiganga community but all other parameters were within the safety limits of the FMEnv. CO, NO2, SO2, and NH3 in coalmine area had concentrations lower than in that in control areas because of other anthropogenic activities like burning, heating, waste disposal, agricultural practices and a host of others taking place in the control area and which are not available in the coalmine area. However, the concentrations of the aforementioned parameters were higher in Maiganga community than in the control areas due to higher rate of anthropogenic activities in the community than in the control areas. The hypothesis were tested using student t – test, and the alternative hypothesis was accepted which showed there was no significant variations in the values of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), coarse particulate matter (PM10), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), and ozone (O3) obtain from the coalmine, Maiganga community and the Control (N.S.E.W) with safety limits set by FMEnv. It is however, recommended that the Federal Ministry of Environment and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) should ensure strict compliance with safety and environmental standards agreed upon during Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).

THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE HANDHELD OXIMETER TO DETERMINE LIMB OCCLUSION PRESSURE FOR BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION EXERCISE IN THE LOWER EXTREMITY.

The limb occlusion pressure (LOP) is determined to calculate the relative LOP. The different levels of relative LOP (percentage of LOP) influence the treatment effect and perceived discomfort during low-load blood flow restriction (BFR) strength training. Thus, determining the LOP is of the utmost importance when using BFR in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity and intra-rater (test-retest), intra-day reliability of an inexpensive, portable, easy-to-use handheld (HH) oximeter compared to a high-resolution Doppler ultrasound scanner in detecting LOP in the lower extremity. Cross-sectional validity and reliability study. Two raters who were blinded from each other simultaneously assessed 50 healthy participants (mean age of 25.8 years). A 20 cm-wide thigh cuff with an attached sphygmomanometer was inflated until the raters independently registered the LOP with the HH oximeter and the Doppler ultrasound scanner. The test session was repeated once after a five-minute time interval. The HH oximeter recorded a non-significantly higher LOP than the Doppler ultrasound scanner, with a mean difference of 6.3 mmHg in the test session (95% limits of agreement (LoA): -16.2 to 28.8, p = 0.13) and 5.4 mmHg in the retest session (95% LoA: -13.3 to 24.0, p = 0.10). The intra-rater reliability for both devices was moderate (ICC = 0.72-0.79). The measured LOP was significantly lower (p < 0.005) in the retest session than in the test session for both the HH oximeter (mean difference: -5.7 mmHg) and the Doppler ultrasound scanner (mean difference: -4.8 mmHg). The HH oximeter is a valid and reliable measuring device for determining the LOP in the lower extremity in healthy adults. The authors recommend performing at least two LOP measurements with a one-minute rest interval. 2, Validity and reliability study.

The challenges of COVID-19 for people with dementia with Lewy bodies and family caregivers.

The challenges of COVID-19 for people with dementia with Lewy bodies and family caregivers.

Sikap Remaja Kelas X Tentang Perilaku Seks Pranikah Di SMK X Balikpapan Tahun 2017

Sebagain besar remaja di Balikpapan sudah melakukan pergaulan bebas yakni sebanyak 8,2% pernah berpelukan, 22,83% pernah berciuman, 7,47% pernah bercumbu, dan 11,92% berhubungan seksual. Bahkan ada remaja telah menjadi PSK, mereka berani berkencan dengan harga satu juta rupiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran sikap remaja kelas X mengenai perilaku seks pranikah di SMK X Balikpapan. Metode penelitian adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi adalah 128 siswa kelas X dan sampel adalah 97 siswa kelas X dengan menggunakan teknik metode acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling). Hasil Penelitian dari 97 responden didapatkan bahwa jumlah siswa remaja kelas X berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 24% dan perempuan sebanyak 76%. Siswa remaja kelas X berusia 16 tahun 63%, 17 tahun 33%, dan 18 tahun 4%. Siswa remaja kelas X yang bersikap positif terhadap perilaku seks pranikah 28% dan bersikap negatif 72%, tidak pernah melakukan seks pranikah 62% dan pernah melakukan seks pranikah sebanyak 38%, berpegangan tangan 40%, berpelukan 8%,dan berciuman 9%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, sebagaian besar remaja di SMK Pertiwi Balikpapan memiliki sikap negatif terhadap perilaku seks pranikah. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan agar remaja tidak melakukan seks pranikah karena dapat menimbulkan berbagai penyakit akibat seks pranikah.

Transforming Teacher Education in India: Ten New Roles for Departments of Education in Universities

The Departments of Education in Universities mainly focus on running pre-service and in-service teacher education programs and facilitating educationally relevant researches. Upcoming the National Education Policy of India expects from the Departments of Education in Universities to play a significant role in transforming teacher education. To fulfill, l this mandate, Departments of Education are expected to look beyond their routine activities and envision new roles for moving their boundaries. Extending this argument, the present paper suggests ten new roles for consideration of the Departments of Education. The suggested roles are: (i) offer professional development support to teacher educators, (ii) run academic clubs for teacher educators to share and connect, (iii) help teacher educators to become a good researcher, (iv) promote ICT usage among teacher educators, (v) compile and use best practices in teacher preparation, (vi) cultivate University-School partnerships, (vii) initiate teacher-trainee exchange programs, (viii) start Diploma programs to train School Principals/Leaders, (ix) conduct more researches on teacher education issues, and (xi) hold hands of beginning teachers.

IMPORTANCE OF LIFE SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND PLACEMENT SCENARIO POST COVID19

As a part of Life Skills Development, the students should be trained in various fields of personality development and communicational skills. The trainings can be imparted on Quantitative Aptitude, Verbal Ability, Mock Group Discussion, Mock PI and skill development in technical domains. Students should be encouraged to attend the training programs to upskill their performance in the campus interviews. Students should be hand hold through career guidance; motivational activities, counselling, knowledge sharing activities and by various capacity building measures. The trainees should be closely monitored for improvements and gauged through several practice sets. Due to pandemic COVID-19, companies have been scrapping interviews. It is to be expected that 60-65 per cent interviews would get dropped or delayed due to lockdown in many parts of the country and people are encouraged to stay at home to curb the spread of the virus. The overall hiring sentiment in the country is likely to witness an adverse impact in the short term with 60-65 per cent interviews getting postponed, especially in the services sector, following the slowdown across industries triggered by the coronavirus pandemic.Vision 2020: To empower the students with pre-placement training so that they get employed, which helps the institute/ university to boost its brand image? A thorough discussion on the importance of Group Discussion during placement, Assessment parameters during placement, Verbal and Non verbal communication to have a successful GD round and Do’s and Don’ts in participating in a Group discussion round has been dealt with. The importance of the rules to write a resume and Frequently Asked Questions in an interview during placement drives has been discussed.

Relationship of Surface Mechanomyography to Force Production in an Assessment of Gastrocnemius Muscle Contraction

PURPOSEEfficient gastrocnemii force production is essential for performance of functional activities such as stair ascent/descent and athletic activities involving jumping or running. Appropriate neuromuscular control and timing of gastrocnemius contraction is also important for fatigue and injury prevention. Hand Held Dynamometry (HHD) is the clinical standard for assessing force production during a muscle contraction. However, HHD is unable to provide precise timing data on the muscle activation responsible for force generation or monitor fatigue during an activity. Surface mechanomyography (sMMG) sensors are novel wearable devices that can be applied across a muscle group to provide a measurement of physical muscle output during a contraction. The purpose of this study is 1) to assess the relationship of sMMG’s muscle bulk displacement measurement to force generation and 2) to confirm sMMG detection of gastrocnemius contraction compared to the clinical timing standard of electromyography (EMG).METHODSHealthy, athletic individuals (mean age= 32.56 ±10.57 y, n= 9, 7 males, 2 females) underwent a neuromuscular control assessment of the gastrocnemius. Subjects performed a series of 3 resisted “make‐test” isometric holds with the right leg supported on an exam table and the ankle plantar flexed at 90 degrees against a hand‐held dynamometer with simultaneous EMG and sMMG recording. The third trial was selected for analysis when available. EMG data was processed with a 6th order low‐pass Butterworth filter and a Teager‐Kaiser energy operator function. A threshold for detecting the time points of gastrocnemius activation and deactivation was set at 3 standard deviations of a resting calibration trial above the minimum value for each measurement modality. The relationship of sMMG signal output for physical muscle displacement was compared to muscle contraction force output via HHD and timing measured via EMG using paired T‐tests and a Pearson correlation.RESULTSPeak gastrocnemius muscle bulk displacement detected by sMMG (mean= 7.65 ±2.68 mm) positively correlated with maximum force generation detected by HHD during isometric contraction (mean= 58.43 ±13.12 lb), r2= 0.669. The duration of gastrocnemius muscle contraction during the isometric hold activity did not differ significantly between SMG (mean= 4.71 ±1.17 s) and EMG (mean= 4.53 ±1.17 s), p= 0.273.CONCLUSIONSCorrelation between HHD and sMMG support the findings that increased physical muscle bulk displacement of the gastrocnemius was associated with greater force production during a contraction. The similarity to EMG timing reinforces the ability of the sMMG sensor to consistently detect active gastrocnemius contraction without complex signal processing (Figure 1). sMMG sensors may be a useful measurement tool for assessment of gastrocnemius functional performance during neuromuscular control screenings for injury prevention and rehabilitation.Example comparison of signal output during a resisted isometric gastrocnemius hold between a hand‐held dynamometer [HHD, (A)], surface mechanomyography [sMMG, (B)], and electromyography [EMG, (C)]. Greenand redXs indicate calculated muscle activation and deactivation time points based on 3 standard deviations of a resting calibration trial above the minimum for each modality (Solonik et al., 2010).Figure 1