Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino Research Articles

DNA protection and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) were examined. Experimental models were used to characterize the antioxidant activities, which were compared with the standard antioxidants α-tocoferol and EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid). Antioxidant activities of water extract and fermented hydrolysate were examined at the cellular level and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activities in LPS (lipopolysaccharides)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Production of the pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) was significantly (p<0.05) inhibited by treatments with abalone water extract and fermented hydrolysate, compared with controls. Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) can be considered as a potential source of natural antioxidants and dietary supplements.

Effect of dietary lipid on the growth, fatty acid composition and Δ5 Fads expression of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) hepatopancreas

This study investigated the effect of dietary lipid on the growth, fatty acid composition and Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase genes (Fads) expression of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) hepatopancreas. Six purified diets were formulated to contain tripalmitin (TP), olive oil (OO, 72.87% 18:1n-9), grape seed oil (GO, 68.67% 18:2n-6), linseed oil (LO, 70.48% 18:3n-3), ARA oil (AO, 41.81% ARA) or EPA oil (EO, 44.09% EPA and 23.67% DAH). No significant difference in survival rate was observed among abalone fed with different diets. Weight gain rate (WGR) and daily growth rate of shell length (DGR SL) were significantly increased in abalone fed with diets containing OO, AO and EO, but decreased in abalone fed with LO diet (P < 0.05) in comparison with those fed with TP. High level of dietary 18:2n-6 resulted in higher content of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in abalone fed with GO than those fed with TP, OO, LO and EO (P < 0.05). n-3 PUFAs in abalone fed with LO was significantly higher than those in abalone fed with TP, OO, GO and AO (P < 0.05). The highest contents of 20:1n-9 and 22:1n-9 were observed in abalone fed with OO. The expression of Δ5 Fads in hepatopancreas of abalone was enhanced by high concentration of 18:3n-3 and suppressed by dietary LC-PUFAs; however it was not affected by dietary high concentration of 18:1n-9 or 18:2n-6. These results provided valuable information for understanding the synthesis of LC-PUFAs and nutritional regulation of Δ5 Fads expression in abalone.

Proteomic analysis of muscle between hybrid abalone and parental lines Haliotis gigantea Reeve and Haliotis discus hannai Ino

To understand the potential molecular mechanism of heterosis, protein expression patterns were compared from hybrids of Haliotis gigantea (G) and Haliotis discus hannai (D) using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight analyses. Expression differences were observed in muscle samples from the four groups with 673±21.0 stained spots for H. discus hannai ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂ (DD), 692±25.6 for H. gigantea ♀ × H. gigantea ♂ (GG), 679±16.2 for H. discus hannai ♀ × H. gigantea ♂ (DG) (F1 hybrid) and 700±19 for H. gigantea ♀ × H. discus hannai ♂ (GD) (F1 hybrid). Different 2-DE image muscle protein spots had a mirrored relationship between purebreds and the F1 hybrid, suggesting that all stained spots in F1 hybrid muscle were on 2-DEs from parents. DD and DG clustered together first, and then clustered with GD, whereas the distance of DD and GG was maximal according to hierarchical cluster analysis. We identified 136 differentially expressed protein spots involved in major biological processes, including energy metabolism and stress response. Most energy metabolism proteins were additive, and stress-induced proteins displayed additivity or over-dominance. In these 136 identified protein spots, hybrid offspring with additivity or over-dominance accounted for 68.38%. Data show that a proteomic approach can provide functional prediction of abalone interspecific hybridization.

Structural characterization and expression analysis of a novel cysteine protease inhibitor from Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The sequence of the cysteine protease inhibitor gene of Haliotis discus hannai (designated HdCpi) was determined using the RACE method. The full-length HdCpi cDNA is 1049 bp long, and contains an open reading frame of 813 bp, encoding a 271-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 29.83 kDa and an isoelectric point of 8.57. The deduced amino acid sequence of HdCpi contains two cystatin-like domains, and each has the structural features of the cystatin family, including three evolutionarily conserved motifs known to interact with the active sites of cysteine peptidases: the Gly residue at the N-terminus (Gly65 and Gly160), the Gln–X–Val–X–Gly motif (Q106IVSG110 and Q202VVAG206), and the less conserved motif at the C-terminus (S136W137 and A254W255). Many putative transcription-factor-binding sites involved in the immune system and cancer occur in the promoter region of HdCpi. Quantitative real-time RT–PCR detected HdCpi expression in all the tissues examined and in the gills of abalone challenged with the bacterium Vibrio anguillarum. HdCpi transcripts were expressed in the mantle, gill, digestive tract, hemocytes, and muscle, and increased HdCpi expression was observed after bacterial stimulation. These results suggest that HdCpi is a biologically active protease inhibitor that is likely to be involved in the antibacterial response of the abalone.

Dietary ascorbic acid modulates the expression profile of stress protein genes in hepatopancreas of adult Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary ascorbic acid (AA) on transcriptional expression patterns of antioxidant proteins, heat shock proteins (HSP) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in the hepatopancreas of Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino (initial average length: 84.36 ± 0.24 mm) using real-time quantitative PCR assays. L-ascorbyl-2-molyphosphate (LAMP) was added to the basal diet to formulate four experimental diets containing 0.0, 70.3, 829.8 and 4967.5 mg AA equivalent kg−1 diets, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of adult abalone in acrylic tanks (200 L) in a flow-through seawater system. Each tank was stocked with 15 abalone. Animals were fed once daily (17:00) to apparent satiation for 24 weeks. The results showed that the dietary AA (70.3 mg kg−1) could significantly up-regulate the expression levels of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), feritin (FT) and heat shock protein 26 (HSP26) in the hepatopancreas of abalone in this treatment compared to the controls. However, the expression levels of Mn-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), selenium-binding protein (SEBP), HSP70 and HSP90 were significantly down-regulated. Compared with those in the group with 70.3 mg kg−1 dietary AA, the expression levels of CAT, GST and HSP26 were decreased in abalone fed with very high dietary AA (4967.5 mg kg−1). In addition, significant up-regulations of expression levels of Mn-SOD, GPX, TPx, SEBP, FT, HSP70, HSP90 and NF-κB were observed in abalone fed with apparently excessive dietary AA (829.8 and 4967.5 mg kg−1) as compared to those fed 70.3 mg kg−1 dietary AA. These findings showed that dietary AA influenced the expression levels of antioxidant proteins, heat shock proteins and NF-κB in the hepatopancreas of abalone at transcriptional level. Levels of dietary AA that appeared adequate (70.3 mg kg−1) reduced the oxidative stress by influencing gene expression of antioxidant proteins, but excessive dietary AA (829.8 and 4967.5 mg kg−1) induced oxidative stress in Pacific abalone H. discus hannai.

Purification and characterization of a novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide derived from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) gonads

Abalone gonads were hydrolyzed using alcalase followed by papain to produce angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides. Gel filtration column chromatography analysis showed that the molecular weight of the fraction with high ACE inhibitory activity was below 1 kDa, which occupied 93.1 % of total hydrolysate. The ACE inhibitory peptide was purified by a series of column chromatographies, and the sequence of purified peptide was further identified as Ala–Met–Asn (AMN) by automated Edman degradation method. The triple peptide was then synthesized and had an ACE inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 106.24 μg/mL. After gastrointestinal digestion, the peptide still remained bioactivity. Lineweaver–Burk plots indicated that AMN acts as a non-competitive inhibitor against ACE. Our present study suggested that AMN derived from abalone gonad by-products may be used as an ideal nutrient for development of functional foods.

Effects of heating conditions on fatty acids and volatile compounds in foot muscle of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

Abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino is a popular delicacy consumed as a luxury food owing to its unique flavor and texture. In this study, we investigated the effects of heating conditions on the fatty acids and volatile compounds in its foot muscle based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME)–GC–MS. The contents of fatty acids significantly decreased after heating at 80 °C for 2 h. In total, 52 volatile compounds, including aldehydes, aromatic compounds, alkanes, alcohols, ketones, and furans, were detected in the heated samples. Principal component analysis revealed an interaction between heating temperature and time. Heating at 80 °C for 0.5–2 h generated higher contents of volatile compounds. In particular, the contents of hexanal, heptanal, octanal, nonanal, and undecanal mainly derived from autoxidation of fatty acids during heating increased at least fourfold.

Effects of polysaccharides from abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) on HepG2 cell proliferation

Three polysaccharides, AAP, AVAP I, and AVAP II, were isolated from abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. The polysaccharides’ compositions were analysed, and their effects on HepG2 cell proliferation were assessed. AVAP I had a greater growth-stimulatory effect than AAP or AVAP II. The oligosaccharide of AVAP I (Oli-AVAP I) exhibited the same growth effects, but rhamnose, the primary monosaccharide of AVAP I and Oli-AVAP I, did not exhibit this activity. Moreover, AVAP I dramatically reduced the mRNA levels of CDK6 and Cyclin E1 but significantly increased Cyclin B1, CDK1 and Cyclin F. Interestingly, AVAP I remained able to induce cell proliferation in a low serum concentration medium. AVAP I could therefore promote HepG2 cell proliferation by regulating gene expression and accelerating the cell cycle process. AVAP I may be useful as a serum supplement for stimulating the proliferation of mammalian cells. Our results offer a comprehensive method for utilising the abalone viscera, which is usually discarded as waste.

전복내장 젓갈의 제조 및 품질특성

We prepared Jeotgal with Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino (abalone) viscera and the studied the physicochemical properties. Abalone viscus was fermented with varying amounts of salt for 60 days in order to prepare for the Jeotgal. During the fermentation, we measured the change of pH, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), amino nitrogen (AN) and protease activity. After the fermentation, we examined the composition of free amino acids and sensory evaluation. The pH decreased with the fermentation, which was not significant (from 5.5 to 6.5). After the fermentation, the highest VBN was 96.7 mg/g, while the highest AN value was 406.3 mg/g. Unlike VBN and AN, the protease activity increased and reached the highest activity at the 30th day, and then decreased afterward. Based on the results, it was deduced that higher salinity restrained the fermentation and lowered the VBN, AN and protease activity. The total free amino acids of abalone Jeotgal, which were analyzed after the fermentation, (62.75 mg/g) was more than twice the amount in the abalone viscera before the fermentation (30.37 mg/g). We prepared abalone viscera Jeotgal and studied the characteristics for the first time. This will provide us with useful information for future related researches.

Isolation, identification, and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from the shell of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino).

In this study, two antioxidative substances, a homogeneous polysaccharide [abalone shell polysaccharide (ASP-1), corresponding to the first peak by size exclusion chromatography] and a non-polysaccharide compound [abalone shell compound (ACS-2), corresponding to the second peak by size exclusion chromatography], were extracted from the abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) shell. We primarily focused on the investigation of ASP-1. As a heteropolysaccharide, ASP-1 is comprised of 9.3% uronic acid and 86.4% saccharide, the latter including mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, arabinose, and two unknown monosaccharides, NO1 and NO2, with a mass ratio of 9.5:10.1:2.2:18.2:21.8:5.5:16.5:16.2. The antioxidant activity assays indicated that 5.0 mg/mL ASP-1 has significant scavenging effects on superoxide radicals (86.2%) compared to the positive control of ascorbic acid (95.6%).

Isolation, Structural Characterization and Cell Proliferation Activity of Abalone Polysaccharide from Different Regions

The polysaccharides were isolated from the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino cultivated from Qingdao and Fujian, and their proliferation activity on HepG2 cell was assessed. The monosaccharide composition of the abalone polysaccharides from Qingdao and Fujian was different, which might be related to their different geographical location and breeding conditions. The proliferation activity of abalone polysaccharide from Qingdao was better than that from Fujian. AAP, AVAP I and AVAP II were further isolated from the abalone polysaccharide from Qingdao, the cell proliferation activity of AVAP I and AVAP II was better than AAP, which might be depended on their monosaccharide composition. Our study would provide preliminary data for the high value utilization of abalone polysaccharides.

Characterization of two Δ5 fatty acyl desaturases in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino)

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) biosynthesis is limited in many marine species, normally due to lack of Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) activity. Among exceptions, abalone possesses considerable LC-PUFA conversion ability from C18 precursors. However, its characterization and relevant enzyme are not well characterized. Here we successfully cloned and characterized two Δ5 Fads in abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Two Δ5 Fad mRNA transcripts, Hdhfad1 (GQ 470626) and Hdhfad2 (GQ 466197), were found in abalone sharing 96.82% similarity for cDNA sequence and 96.58% similarity for their deduced amino acid sequences. Hdhfad1 cDNA is 1530bp in length with an opening reading frame (ORF) coding for 438 amino acids. Hdhfad2 cDNA is 1525bp in length with an ORF encoding for 439 amino acids. Both have characteristic features of front–end desaturase, including three histidine boxes, an N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain with heme-binding motif and transmembrane regions. Both Hdhfad1 and Hdhfad2 were expressed in tissues of abalone, especially in hepatopancreas and intestine. HdhFad1 possessed higher Δ5 desaturase activity but expressed at a lower level than HdhFad2. Both isoforms preferred 20:4n-3 than 20:3n-6 as substrate. These results should provide valuable information on the molecular evolution of Fads and better understanding of LC-PUFA biosynthesis in abalone.

Feasibility of Offshore Co‐culture of Abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, and Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, in a Temperate Zone

AbstractFeasibility of offshore co‐culture of abalone and sea cucumber was investigated in Northern China. Survival and growth of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, and sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus, co‐cultured in abalone cages from suspended longlines, in the offshore area, were examined. Abalone and sea cucumbers were co‐cultured at density ratios of both 3:1 and 6:1 for 1 yr. Abalone were fed with fresh kelp and no additional feed was given to sea cucumbers. Survival of abalone and sea cucumber was 100% for all treatments. Abalone and sea cucumber grew well; the body weight (BW) of abalone and sea cucumber was nearly doubled and had reached a commercial size. There were no significant differences in the growth rates for both abalone and sea cucumber between the two density treatments. The specific growth rate of BW of abalone (SGRbw) was highest in June, with a value of 0.536%/d. Growth rate of sea cucumber (SGRsc) was highest in December, reached 1.84%/d, with an annual average SGRsc of 0.182%/d. Results suggested that the offshore co‐culture of abalone and sea cucumber was feasible offshore. The co‐culture of abalone with sea cucumbers may provide an additional valuable crop without additional financial input.

Effects of dietary grape seed oil and linseed oil on growth, muscle fatty acid composition and expression of putative Δ5 fatty acyl desaturase in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 120-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary increasing levels of grape seed oil (GO) and linseed oil (LO), rich in linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) respectively, on growth, fatty acid composition and expression levels of putative Δ5 fatty acyl desaturases (Fads) in muscle of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino). Seven experimental diets were formulated to contain increasing amounts (0%, 0.875%, 1.75% and 3.5%) of GO or LO as dietary lipids. Tripalmitin (TP), rich in 16:0, was supplemented to reach 3.5% (dry weight) total lipid. These diets were named as 0%GO/LO (TP), 25%GO, 50%GO, 100%GO, 25%LO, 50%LO and 100%LO. With the increase of dietary GO or LO inclusion, growth parameters (such as specific growth rate of weight) first increased and then decreased (R2>0.72, P=0.000). The survival rate of abalone was not significantly correlated with dietary GO (R2=0.04, P=0.815) or LO inclusion (R2=0.50, P=0.046). The contents of muscle n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including LA, 20:2n-6, 20:4n-6, 22:2n-6, were significantly positive correlated with dietary GO inclusion (R2>0.895, P=0.000). A positive relationship was significantly noted between the values of muscle n-3 PUFA (ALA, 20:3n-3, 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3) and the dietary LO inclusion (R2>0.905, P=0.000). DHA was significantly increased and then decreased with dietary LO increase (R2=0.937, P=0.000). The expression levels of putative Δ5 Fads in 50%GO group were significantly higher than those of other GO groups (P<0.05). With the increase of dietary LO, expressions of putative Δ5 Fads first increased and thereafter reached a plateau (R2>0.929, P=0.000). These results indicated that biosynthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in muscle of abalone could be increased in response to increasing levels of dietary LA or ALA through increased expressions of putative Δ5 Fads. High intakes of dietary LA and/or ALA inhibited the biosynthesis of DHA and compromised the growth performance of abalone.

Effects of dietary supplementation of probiotic Shewanella colwelliana WA64, Shewanella olleyana WA65 on the innate immunity and disease resistance of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino

The effects of dietary administration of two probiotics, Shewanella colwelliana WA64 and Shewanella olleyana WA65, on the innate immunity of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino), and survival of juvenile abalone challenged with Vibrio harveyi have been studied. Two groups of abalone were fed with three different diets: one control, and two diets supplemented with 109 cell g−1 of probiotic WA64 (WA64 diet) and WA65 (WA65 diet) for up to four weeks. Results showed that abalone fed diets containing S. colwelliana WA64 and S. olleyana WA65 had led to an enhanced cellular and humoral immune response, notably higher haemocytes, respiratory burst activity, serum lysozyme activity and total protein levels were recorded after one week of probiotic administration. On the other hand, mortality after the challenges with V. harveyi in the group fed with control diet ranged from 77 to 80%, while mortality rates observed in the groups fed with diets supplemented with WA64 and WA65 ranged from 27 to 50% and 30–43%, respectively. The results demonstrated potential for S. colwelliana WA64 and S. olleyana WA65 to improve innate immunity and disease resistance in H. discus hannai.

Antithrombotic potential of extracts from abalone, Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino: In vitro and animal studies

To screen the more promising antithrombotic abalone extracts, the in vitro antithrombotic activity of 6 abalone (Haliotis Discus Hannai Ino) extracts was examined in this study. Results of in vitro studies indicated that water extract of abalone viscera (WEV) presented significant longer prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplasmatin time (APTT), and thrombin time (TT) than other abalone extracts. In addition, the platelet aggregation process was inhibited by WEV as well. The antithrombotic potential of WEV was further investigated in animal studies which revealed that WEV prolonged tail bleeding time, APTT but not PT and TT and showed no effect on the platelet aggregation and platelet number. The WEV treated rats presented lower cholesterol and triglyceride level than the control group although the difference was not statistically significant. Results of this study indicate the antithrombotic activity of abalone extracts, especially WEV, and may contribute to the further study in this field.

Development of Pacific Abalone (Haliotis Discus HannaiIno) Broodstock: Initial Characterization of Early Growth Traits of F1Progeny

Families of Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai Ino) were initiated from fertilized gametes from broodstock taken from Japan and China. Three wild stocks from Hokkaido (Hkd), Iwate (Iwt), and Miyagi (Myg), Japan, and a local farmed stock (Zzd) at Zhangzidao Island, Dalian, China, were collected and conditioned at Zhangzidao Island during the winter in 2010. In 2011, 95 full-sib families generated by a single-mating method within each stock were tested for growth performance under a hatchery and sea-based culture system for a 1-y period. Progeny from the 4 stocks were reared in separated tanks under identical conditions until 5 mo posthatch, then 4,925 juveniles were tagged and evaluated in a growth trial that consisted of 2 replicate large pools. Growth data of juvenile abalone at the age of 1 y posthatch were collected and used to investigate differences among the stock in daily growth rate. Stock effect and full-sib effect on abalone daily growth rate from tagging to the end of the 1-y culture period were both significant. Variation among individuals within the full-sib families is comparable with the variation among stock. Top-ranked full-sib families based on 1-y growth performance were from varying Pacific abalone stock. The implications of the results is that, when comparing the performance of different H. discus hannai stock or initiating a selective breeding program for H. discus hannai, it is important to test many breeders from each stock. In terms of growth performance, top-ranked candidate F-1 families from varying stock may be crossbred to generate F-2 families if potential positive growth heterosis occurs.

Dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino

A 16-week growth study was conducted to determine the dietary folic acid requirement of juvenile abalone (initial mean weight 482.2±2.2mg). Six semi-purified diets were formulated to contain graded levels of folic acid (0.06, 1.44, 2.86, 5.88, 14.27 and 35.71mg/kg). Each diet was fed to three replicate tanks of abalone in a re-circulated water system. The results showed that the weight gain rate (WGR) was significantly increased when dietary folic acid contents increasing from 0.06 to 2.86mg/kg (P<0.05). Higher dietary folic acid (2.86–35.71mg/kg) did not result in further increase of WGR. When dietary folic acid increased from 0.06 to 5.88mg/kg, the viscera folic acid concentration (VFAC) significantly increased (P<0.05). And then, there were no significant differences in VFAC among treatments as dietary folic acid contents increased from 5.88 to 35.71mg/kg. Dietary folic acid did not significantly influence survival and the soft body compositions of abalone. Based on WGR and VFAC, broken-line analysis showed that dietary folic acid requirements of abalone were 2.62 and 5.29mg/kg, respectively.

Production and sinking rates for bio-deposits of abalone (Haliotis discus hannaiIno)

Particle size distribution, organic content and the sinking velocity of bio-deposits of abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino were evaluated. The abalone was divided into three size classes according to shell length: Group B: 68.8 ± 2.8 mm, group M: 56.1 ± 2.3 mm and group S: 42.4 ± 2.8 mm. The faecal pellets had an amorphous shape, with a cross-sectional area ranging from 0.01 to 2.64 mm2. The mean cross-sectional area varied among the size classes: 0.59 (B), 0.21 (M) and 0.12 (S) mm2. The bio-deposit organic content was similar among the groups (B: 18.3 ± 1.1%; M: 19.9 ± 0.9%; S: 19.3 ± 1.0%). Sinking velocity ranged from 0.5 to 2.3 cm s−1. Larger abalone tended to have larger and thus faster-sinking faecal pellets. The median sinking velocity for groups B, M and S was 0.9, 0.5 and 0.7 cm s−1 respectively. The mean daily production rates for groups S, M and B were 2.8 ± 1.2, 3.4 ± 1.3 and 4.3 ± 1.8 g ind.−1 respectively. Bio-deposit production rate estimated to be between 134.4 and 206.4 mg m−2 day−1 in the bay. Our results suggest that the pellet size was within the appropriate size range for filter-feeding bivalves.

LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF TWO SPECIES OF ABALONE,HALIOTIS DISCUS HANNAIINO ANDHALIOTIS DIVERSICOLORREEVE

Analyses of lipid profile and fatty acid compositions of muscle and viscera of two commercially cultured abalone, namely Haliotis discus hannai Ino and Haliotis diversicolor Reeve, have been carried out. The total lipid levels of the viscera of both abalone were much higher than those of muscle. Phospholipids were the predominant lipid components in muscle, whereas triacylglycerol in viscera. The major fatty acids identified in muscle and viscera were C16:0, C18:0, C20:4n–6, C20:5n–3 and C22:5n–3. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) accounted for over 40% of total fatty acids, and C20:4n–6 and C20:5n–3 were the most abundant PUFAs. Moreover, different fatty acid compositions were found between the muscle and viscera. Compared with muscle, viscera contained higher percentage of 4,8,12-trimethyltridecanoic acid and C18-PUFA, but lower percentage of C22-PUFA and dimethyl acetals. This study would increase awareness of the nutritional value of these two abalone and also contribute some important information to abalone aquaculture. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Haliotis discus hannai Ino and Haliotis diversicolor Reeve are the main commercially farmed species of abalone and have become the most important species of molluscan mariculture in China and occupied the important position in terms of commercial value among farmed molluscan products. This study analyzed the lipid profile and fatty acid compositions of muscle and viscera of the above two abalone species. The results would provide some useful nutrition information for the consumption and aquaculture of abalone. Meanwhile, the viscera of abalone are rich in total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acid, indicating that the viscera would have great potential of exploitation and comprehensive utilization in lipids.