Haliastur Indus Research Articles

Short Communication: A Rapid Assessment of Vertebrate in Pasir Timbul-Sungsang IV, Banyuasin, South Sumatra, Indonesia

The mangrove forest in Pasir Timbul, Sungsang IV Village, Banyuasin Regency, part of mangrove area within the Air Telang Protected Forest Area, is experiencing pressure from changes in land cover. A rapid survey to determine the vertebrate diversity in Pasir Timbul, at the tip of the Air Telang Protected Forest area was conducted in early June 2023. The purpose of the survey is to propose species priority in conservation within context species and habitat management plan. Vertebrate surveys were carried out rapidly using several methods adapted to certain taxa levels, namely amphibians and reptiles, fish, birds and mammals. Priority for fauna conservation in the Air Telang Protected Forest (study area) for reptiles: Crocodylus porosus (Protected under Indonesian law), Fishes: Eleutheronema tetradactylum (Endangered by IUCN), Birds: Anhinga melanogaster (Protected), Haliastur indus (Protected), Microhierax fringillarius (Protected), Rhipidura javanica (Protected), and Mammals including the long-tailed macaque Macaca fascicularis (Endangered), langurs Trachypithecus cristatus (Vulnerable), and Prionailurus sp. Conservation efforts need to be increased because this area as buffer zone of Berbak Sembilang National Park, having high carbon absorption, and provide a breeding ground for fish, shrimp and crabs. It is clear the site is habitat for various fauna (including protected ones), as well as other ecological functions such as breaking waves, resisting seawater intrusion and abrasion.

The role of high conservation value areas to maintaining ecological balance in oil palm plantations PT. Waimusi Agroindah, South Sumatera

Currently, oil palm plantations must carry out environmentally friendly plantation activities, one of which is by maintaining the biodiversity in or around the plantation area. Biodiversity can also reduce pest attacks that can reduce oil palm productivity. The research activities were carried out at PT. Waimusi Agroindah by conducting an inventory of plant, mammal, and bird species in HCV areas and oil palm plantations (young, medium, and mature palms). The results of the research in the HCV area showed that there were 4 types of trees, 10 types of poles, 7 types of saplings, 4 understorey plants and seedlings, 4 types of mammals, and 34 species of birds. Within the HCV area, three species of mammals protected by the government were found, namely the silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) as many as 3 individuals, and three species of birds, namely Haliastur indus, Elanus caerulaus, and Anhinga melanogaster. In the oil palm plantation area, only understorey stands were found, but various types of mammals and birds were found. The number of species of mammals and birds found in HCV areas is higher than in oil palm plantations. The number of vegetation types in the HCV area is more diverse so that it can be used as a place for wildlife to live, both for forage plants and nests. This shows the need for HCV areas in biodiversity conservation and as an ecological balancer in oil palm plantation areas.

Culture Lockdown, Nature Freedom: Respite for Biodiversity during the COVID Pandemic – A Limited Case Study in La Union, Philippines

In dealing with treatment regimes for planetary health, a more nuanced approach to isolate the dialectics of nature-humanized and humans-naturalized may be possible by looking at case studies and areas of interest where the interregnum in human activities (culture lockdown) may have become an opening for biodiversity recovery. Such a recovery may best be characterized as nature freedom– a true instance of freedom in the Anthropocene. As quaternary consumers, the Kali or Brahminy kite serves as a beacon, signaling areas with intact biodiversity pyramids. The presence or absence may be a cue to the state of illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss in an area. The paper will present Kali or Brahminy kite observations logged using consumer off-the-shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) and compare this data with easing COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions in La Union Province in the Philippines. As our communities transition to the new normal that looks a lot like the old normal, subordination of nature is once again the gameplay of autonomous humans.

Culture Lockdown, Nature Freedom: Respite for Biodiversity during the COVID Pandemic – A Limited Case Study in La Union, Philippines

In dealing with treatment regimes for planetary health, a more nuanced approach to isolate the dialectics of nature-humanized and humans-naturalized may be possible by looking at case studies and areas of interest where the interregnum in human activities (culture lockdown) may have become an opening for biodiversity recovery. Such a recovery may best be characterized as nature freedom– a true instance of freedom in the Anthropocene. As quaternary consumers, the Kali or Brahminy kite serves as a beacon, signaling areas with intact biodiversity pyramids. The presence or absence may be a cue to the state of illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss in an area. The paper will present Kali or Brahminy kite observations logged using consumer off-the-shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) and compare this data with easing COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions in La Union Province in the Philippines. As our communities transition to the new normal that looks a lot like the old normal, subordination of nature is once again the gameplay of autonomous humans.

Culture Lockdown, Nature Freedom: Respite for Biodiversity during the COVID Pandemic – A Limited Case Study in La Union, Philippines

In dealing with treatment regimes for planetary health, a more nuanced approach to isolate the dialectics of nature-humanized and humans-naturalized may be possible by looking at case studies and areas of interest where the interregnum in human activities (culture lockdown) may have become an opening for biodiversity recovery. Such a recovery may best be characterized as nature freedom– a true instance of freedom in the Anthropocene. As quaternary consumers, the Kali or Brahminy kite serves as a beacon, signaling areas with intact biodiversity pyramids. The presence or absence may be a cue to the state of illegal wildlife trade and habitat loss in an area. The paper will present Kali or Brahminy kite observations logged using consumer off-the-shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) and compare this data with easing COVID-19 pandemic lockdown restrictions in La Union Province in the Philippines. As our communities transition to the new normal that looks a lot like the old normal, subordination of nature is once again the gameplay of autonomous humans.

Compact, Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS) in Observing Haliastur indus, the Kali, or Brahminy Kites

The paper demonstrates how compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with digital zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to conduct preliminary documentation of some key courtship, play, cooperative fishing, and other behaviors of the raptors as well as draft a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact COTS-RPAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window or point of view (POV) to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight. This new tool and method also democratize environmental research for both scientists and citizen scientists due to its availability (consumer off-the-shelf), as well as its relative affordability.

Compact, Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS) in Observing Haliastur indus, the Kali, or Brahminy Kites

The paper demonstrates how compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with digital zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to conduct preliminary documentation of some key courtship, play, cooperative fishing, and other behaviors of the raptors as well as draft a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact COTS-RPAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window or point of view (POV) to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight. This new tool and method also democratize environmental research for both scientists and citizen scientists due to its availability (consumer off-the-shelf), as well as its relative affordability.

Description Of Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, And Body Temperature Of Haliastur Indus In Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center

Brahminy kite or Halistur indus is one of the protected eagle species in Indonesia. The presence of the eagle in the environment is very important because the eagle is one of many environmental health indicators. Based on the last research of H. indus population in Indonesia, the population of H. indus has decreased due to several factors such as pesticide overuse, destruction of natural habitats, illegal hunting, and illegal trading. Therefore, the conservation programs of H. indus are very important to maintain its population in nature. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of H. indus’s health including heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature who never described on group a group sample in any journal before. The method used in this study was a descriptive method of 15 H. indus in The Kamojang Eagle Conservation Center, Garut, West Java, Indonesia. The result of the heart rate measurement of 15 H. indus obtained the mean and standard deviation was 173.467 ± 11.275 /minute, respiratory rate was 76.400 ± 14.065 /minute, and body temperature was 42.570 ± 0.290 ˚C.

Compact, Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS) in Observing Haliastur indus, the Kali, or Brahminy Kites

The paper demonstrates how compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with digital zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to conduct preliminary documentation of some key courtship, play, cooperative fishing, and other behaviors of the raptors as well as draft a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact COTS-RPAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window or point of view (POV) to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight. This new tool and method also democratize environmental research for both scientists and citizen scientists due to its availability (consumer off-the-shelf), as well as its relative affordability.

Compact, Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS) in Observing Haliastur indus, the Kali, or Brahminy Kites

The paper demonstrates how small, compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to document some key play, cooperative fishing, behaviors of the raptors as well as draft a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact -COTS-RPAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window or point of view (POV) to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight

Compact, Consumer Off the Shelf Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (COTS-RPAS) in Observing Haliastur indus, the Kali, or Brahminy Kites

The paper demonstrates how small, compact consumer off the shelf remotely piloted aircraft systems (COTS-RPAS) with zoom capability is an effective remote sensing platform in observing Brahminy Kites due to its non-intimidating nature, which arguably minimizes disturbance of the kites. The paper through this remote sensing platform was able to document some play, cooperative fishing, behaviors of the raptors as well as a distribution map of sightings within the raptors range utilizing the compact UAS in tandem with Geographic Information Systems. Use of COTS-RPAS opens a new window to avian observational and behavioral studies especially because we are now given horizontal near orthogonal and orthogonal views of the avian species while in flight. Most documentation of birds in flight typically show the underwing and underbody parts but now with the aid of COTS-RPAS we see the upper wing and upper body while in flight.

Effects on hematology and blood biochemistry profile of intramuscular meloxicam injection in Brahminy kite and Barn owl.

Meloxicam is used widely for exotic animal analgesia, but its toxicity in common raptor species in Thailand is unclear. This study evaluated the single-dose effect of intramuscular meloxicam in common raptor species in Thailand for short-term and long-term periods. Twenty-two raptors were administered a single 1 mg/kg dose of meloxicam individually via intramuscular injection. The following were evaluated: clinical appearance, body weight, body condition score, body temperature, fecal appearance, complete blood cell count, and biochemistry panel before (day 0) and after the injection (1, 7, and 30 days). The collected samples were categorized into three groups: Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) (n = 10), adult Barn owl (Tyto javanica) (n = 4), and juvenile Barn owl (n = 8). None of the raptors in the study groups showed any abnormalities. The hematological profiles were significantly different in the short-term period (day 1 and day 7). The creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine kinase increased in several groups. On the other hand, the packed cell volume decreased in the Brahminy kite and juvenile Barn owl groups. According to the findings, an intramuscular injection of 1 mg/kg meloxicam affected the blood biochemistry panel of the muscle, but the affected raptors recovered within one week. An intramuscular injection of meloxicam at a single 1 mg/kg dose in Brahminy kites and Barn owls was not associated with the morbidity, hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, and nephrotoxicity in the short- and long-term periods.

Status of raptors in turahalli minor forest, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Present study was conducted at Turahalli minor forest, Bangalore to understand the status of raptors in forest habitats. Observational investigations of avian studies were carried out using field binoculars and DSLR camera and line transect method was adopted for bird counting. Total fifteen species of raptors belonging to Falconidae, Accipitridae and Strigidae families were recorded during study period i.e. 'March 2019 to Dec 2021'. Black kite and Brahminy kite have highest population and most dominant species in the study site, whereas common kestrel, Besra, Changeable hawk eagle was rarely observed. Field study was conducted in three different seasons summer, winter and rainy. Maximum number of individuals were recorded during summer (171) followed by winter (141) and rainy (50) season respectively. Data were analyzed using Shannon-wiener diversity Index, species diversity (H=1.875), species richness (SR=2.376) and evenness (E=0.4336). In winter species diversity was more (1.976) followed by summer (1.741) and rainy (1.523) season. In terms of distribution status of raptors 79% were resident, 14% winter visitor, 7% partial visitors.

Surgical correction of a complete diaphyseal humeral fracture of Brahminy kite -a case report

A young Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) weighing 600g was presented to the Shahedul Alam Quadary Teaching Veterinary Hospital, at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, with a history of trauma due to collision with electric wire, which was unable to fly. Physical examination revealed temperature106ºF, depressed bird with bluish discoloration of subcutaneous tissue from shoulder to elbow joint of right wing and radiographic examination showed complete transverse diaphyseal right humeral fracture. Retrograde intramedullary pinning was done under general anesthesia with diazepam and ketamine combination. Post-operative radiograph confirmed the implant was in position. The total anesthetic period of the surgery was 60 minutes. The present study suggests that, intramedullary pinning can be successfully used for humeral fracture management in kite with proper anesthetic protocol. Postoperative care is very important for a successful outcome in avian orthopedics.

Diversity and conservation status of avifauna in Mount Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in Cebu Island, Philippines

Abstract. Malaki ABB, Alcazar SMT, LILLO EP, Rosales RC, Redoblado BR, DIAZ JL. 2021. Diversity and conservation status of avifauna in Mount Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in Cebu Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 671-678. A study on the bird community in Mount (Mt.) Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) was carried out to determine its diversity and conservation status to conserve, protect, and rehabilitate forest habitat within the KBA. The study was conducted across three sampling sites. By using the transect, point count, and mist nets, we found 1,340 individuals belonging to 31 orders, 32 families, and 44 species within the study sites. There were five dominant bird species, i.e., Hypsipetes philippinus (J.R.Forster, 1795), Phapitreron leucotis (Temminck, 1823), Psilopogon haemacephalus (P.L.S.Müller, 1776), Nectarinia jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766), and the endangered Kittacincla cebuensis (Steere, 1890). We also found rare bird species within the study site, such as Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783), Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766), Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Oriolus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766), Dendrocopos maculatus (Scopoli, 1786), Pycnonotus goiavier (Scopoli, 1786), and Rallina eurizonoides (Lafresnaye, 1845). We also found six Philippine endemics, including K. cebuensis, Ninox rumseyi (Rasmussen et al. 2012), H. philippinus, D. maculatus, Loriculus philippensis (Statius Muller, 1776), and Caprimulgus manillensis (Walden, 1875). Based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, two species are Endangered, and 42 species are Least Concern (LC). Using the "Checklist of the Birds of the Philippines," we found two species are Endangered, two species are Near Threatened, and 40 species are LC. The diversity of birds in Mt. Lantoy KBA was moderate. We considered that this KBA is highly exposed to various forest or habitat disturbances such as land-use conversion, charcoal making, firewood gathering, slash-and-burn method of cultivation, and infrastructure development. There is a need to strictly implement the policies governing the utilization of forest resources to augment the diversity of the study site.

Real power loss reduction by quantum based Ptilonorhynchus violaceus optimization and Haliastur Indus algorithms

Real power loss reduction by quantum based Ptilonorhynchus violaceus optimization and Haliastur Indus algorithms

AKTIVITAS HARIAN DAN FREKUENSI BEGGING BEHAVIOUR DARI ELANG BONDOL (Haliastur indus) SITAAN DI PUSAT PENYELAMATAN SATWA, TABANAN, BALI

Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus) is one of bird of prey species that occupy position as top predator. Many brahminy kite was captured and was kept as pet which caused those birds lose their ability to hunt as a result of being caged for too long and for not to be trained to hunt. In Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre, the confiscated brahminy kite showed begging behavior in which the birds “whine” every time a human approach. This kind of behaviour affect their readiness to be released in the wild. The purpose of this study was to determine the daily activity and the frequency of begging behaviour of confiscated brahminy kite in Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre. This study was conducted in January 2020. This study found that the brahminy kite at the Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre spent the most of their time for perching. The second highest activity was preening, whereas the least activities were feeding and moving. The highest percentage to beg in brahminy kite was recorded in the morning, whereas the lowest percentage was in the midday. The results of this study indicate that the confiscated brahminy kite at the Bali Wildlife Rescue Centre still needs more time to be rehabilitated prior released ack into the wild.

Biodiversity of birds and mammals in the Lake Siombak ecosystem, Medan North Sumatra

The Lake Siombak ecosystem is one of the important ecosystems in the north coast of Medan City, North Sumatra because it’s a combination of lake ecosystems, mangroves, and aquaculture areas. Therefore, it brings into a habitat of various flora and fauna, both aquatic and terrestrial area. This study aims to map the spatial and temporal distribution of terrestrial biota, especially birds and mammals in Lake Siombak ecosystem. This research was conducted in Lake Siombak, from September 2018 to August 2019. The data collected is the number of individuals of birds and mammals. The results of research found 12 species of birds and 2 species of mammals. There are 3 rare species and protected species by both the government and internationally, namely the rhinoceros’ hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), Brahminy kite (Haliastur indus), and Silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus). Great egret (Ardea alba), Intermediate egret (Egretta intermedia), and Gull billed tern (Sterna nilotica) are also government-protected bird species, but they have not received international attention. Spatially and temporally, Great egret and Intermediate egret are found in abundance at the Lake Siombak ecosystem. Meanwhile, the rhinoceros’ hornbills, Brahminy kite, and Silvery lutung were only found once at the study site.

An assessment of birds and mammals in Wana Patra Lestari, PT Pertamina Refinery Unit V Balikpapan

Wana Patra Lestari (WPL) is a remaining forest in the center of Balikpapan City. It is located in the working area of PT Pertamina Refinery Unit (RU) V Balikpapan. Besides having cultural and historical value, the existence of the WPL area also has environmental service value as a habitat for birds and mammals. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird and mammal species in the WPL area. We collected all related bird record by using a combination of point count and mist-netting methods. Furthermore, mammal was sampled by using a combination of line transect, live-trapping, camera-trapping, and also mist-netting survey. The results showed that in the WPL area 17 species of birds and 6 species of mammals were identified. There are 14 species of birds and 2 species of mammals added from previous studies. Of all the identified species, there is only one protected species in Indonesia, namely Elang Bondol (Haliastur indus). Periodic monitoring is needed to find out more about population dynamics and diversity of wildlife in the WPL.

Guidelines for Creative Ecotourism Management of Bang Pu Community, Pattani Province, Thailand

The objectives of this research were to 1) to study and analyze the potential of ecotourism resources of Bang Pu community, Pattani Province, 2) to study the needs of stakeholders to the creative ecotourism management of Bang Pu community, Pattani Province, 3) to study behavior and the needs of the Thai eco-tourists towards the ecotourism management model, and 4) to develop products and creative ecotourism activities of the Bang Pu community, Pattani Province.This mixed methods research applied the concept of ecotourism, creative tourism, development of tourism resources, participatory development, and tourism decisions as the research framework. The research area was Bang Pu district, Pattani province. The sample group consisted of 385 Thai ecotourists who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The key informants were 50 local stakeholders who were selected by the purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. An in-depth interview and participant observation were used to collect the data. There were 5 types of research instruments which are: 1) questionnaires 2) the resource check list by using SWOT Analysis. 3) Diversity Index Survey, and 4) Researcher Interview Form. 5) The quantitative data were analyzed by basic statistics such as Percentage, Means, Standard Deviation, and Inferential Statistics such as T-Test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi Square Test. The qualitative data were analyzed with the content analysis and descriptive writing methods. The results illustrated that the potential ecotourism resources included mullet, scats, eeltail catfish, bass, stingray, egret, Cormorant, Asian openbill, kingfisher, and Brahminy kite. Furthermore, the first demand of the local stakeholders for development wasthe provision of tourism activities and stations to be consistent with Islamic principles, followed by tourism management and safety. The results also showed that Thai tourists had a high level of demand for ecotourism. Guidelines for the creative ecotourism management of Bang Pu Community, Pattani Province based on the results of the analysis of the potential resources of creative ecotourism of Bangpu Community, Pattani Province. It is a creative ecotourism destination. Therefore, the researcher has recommendations for the development of 7 areas, which are as follows, 1) Tourism locations and attractions 2) Accessibility 3) Accommodation 4)Facilities 5)Tourism activities 6) Management 7) Aspect of community participation.