Hair Goat Research Articles

Karaman bölgesinde halk elinde yetiştirilen kıl keçisi oğlaklarının büyüme ve yaşama gücü

The objective of this research, which was based on the data obtained during a five-year period between 2011-2016 from the Hair goat herds in mountainous areas of Karaman within the National Sheep and Goat Improvement Project, was to investigate growth and survival rate of Hair goat kids between birth and weaning.The animal material of the study was consisted of total 25714 Hair goat kids. The goats were weighed at birth and on 120th day. According to the data obtained from these measurements, the growth and survival rate of the goat kids were calculated. For the statistical analysis of the data, general linear model was used for growth and Khi-square test was used for survival rate analysis. For general average of five years, birth weight average was 3.55 kg for male kids, and 3.40 kg for females; the average weight on 120th day was 23.57 kg for male kids and 21.72 kg for female kids; the daily live weight gain for male and female kids were found as 166.8 g and 151.4 g respectively. The survival rate of the Hair goat kids showed changes according to years and the rate was generally found as 89.3%. Among the factors whose effects were analyzed, year, dam’s age, birth type and sex had significant effect on analyzed features (P<0.001). As a result, it was determined that growth rate was higher, while survival rate was consistent with the existing literature. It was also determined that the growth rate was higher in later years when compared to earlier years of the study

Determination of relationship of body weight and some body measurements by nonlinear models in hair goats in Karaman region

Determination of relationship of body weight and some body measurements by nonlinear models in hair goats in Karaman region

Effects of fattening duration on carcass and meat quality traits of Saanen X Hair goat (G1) hybrid male kids fattened in different fattening systems

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fattening duration on carcass and meat quality traits of Saanen x Hair Goat (G1) hybrid male kids fattened in intensive, semi-intensive and extensive fattening systems. Two different slaughter times (120 and 150 days) were applied. Slaughterhouse weights of the kids for 120 and 150-days were measured as 31.22 kg and 31.03 kg in intensive fattening, as 30.08 kg and 27.26 kg in semi-intensive fattening and as 28.69 kg and 28.72 kg in extensive fattening system respectively. Hot carcass weights were measured as 15.29 kg and 15.98 kg in intensive fattening, as 14.48 kg and 12.85 kg in semi-intensive fattening and as 13.85 kg and 13.8 kg in extensive fattening system respectively. With regard to meat quality traits of pH24, pH45, water holding capacity, passive water loss and cooking loss, significant differences were not observed between fattening systems and between fattening durations. Warner-Bratzler peak shear forces decreased with prolonged fattening duration and the greatest marbling score was observed in 150-day intensive fattening system.

Evaluation of Individual Growth Performance of Goat Kids by Using Multilevel Models

The aim of this study was to evaluate the individual growth performances of hair goats and hybrids grown in extensive conditions performing two-level linear regression analysis for the period up to the sixth month from birth. Live weight records of 33 male and 57 female males were used in the study. -2LL, AIC and BIC statistics were used to find the covariance structure and model that best explain the change of the live weight occurring from birth to sixth month. According to the results, it was suitable two-level linear regression model which the random intercept and random slope with UN covariance structure for both male and female goat kids. According to this, birth weight, time and time-birth type interaction effect were found to be significant for males on the change in body weight, whereas birth weight, type of birth, time and time-birth interaction effect were significant for females (P <0.01). The change in growth performance from individual to individual was found to be significant for both genders (P <0.01). Keywords : Hair goat, multilevel modeling, individual growth curve, covariance structure DOI : 10.7176/JSTR/5-3-12

Effect of Sex on Some Biochemical and Hematological Parameters in Healthy Boer x Hair Goat Crossbreed

The aim of this study was to determine some hematological and biochemical parameters in male and female Boer x hair goat crossbreed (n=34). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein in sample tubes with and without anticoagulants. A Mindray BC2800 fully-automated device was used to measure the WBC, RBC, Hgb, Hct, MCV, and MCH values and ADVIA 1800 brand auto-analyzer was used to obtain Na, K, Cl, Mg, Ca, Crea, Tp, Alb, Gluo, Chol, Trig, AST, ALT, and ALP values. WBC (p<0.01), RBC (p<0.05), HCT (p<0.01) and MCV (p<0.05) levels were found to be statistically higher in female specimens, while HGB and MCH levels were found to be statistically identical for both sexes. Meanwhile, males had statistically higher levels of K (p <0.001) and Mg (p<0.01) levels compared to females. Crea (p<0.001), Tp (p <0.05), Alb (p<0.05), Gluo (p<0.001) levels were also statistically higher in males, while Chol level was statistically higher in females (p<0.001). No statistically significant variation was detected between the Trig values of the sexes. ALT, ALP activities of males were found to be statistically higher in males than in females (p<0.05). The results of the study revealed that some hematological and biochemical parameters of Boer x hair goat crossbreeds are affected by sex.

Effect of Non-Genetic Factors on The Reproductive Performance and Milk Yield Characteristics of Hair Goats

Bu calismanin amaci, yari entansif ve kurak az nemli iklim kosullarinda yetistirilen Kil kecilerinin dol verimi ve sut verimi uzerine genetik olmayan faktorlerin etkisini belirlemek ve bu faktorler arasindaki fenotipik korelasyonu arastirmaktir. Gebelik suresi (GL), gebelik basina dusen tohumlama sayisi (NSPC), laktasyon uzunlugu (LL), laskyason sut verimi (LMY) ve gunluk sut verimi (DMY) uzerine genetik olmayan faktorlerin degerlendirilmesinde Genear linear model, diger dol verim parametrelerinin degerlendirilmesinde ise Chi-square metodu kullanilmistir. Tabii tohumlama yapilan gruptaki kecilerin gebelik orani, dogu m orani ve tek dogum orani suni tohumlama uygulananlardan daha yuksek iken, NSPC sayisi daha dusuktur. Yas arttikca LL, LMY ve DMY artmis (P<0.001), NSPC azalmis (P<0.001), tek ve ikiz dogum oranlari ise dalgalanma gostermistir (P<0.01). En iyi dol verimi ve sut verimi nin 5 ve daha yukari yasli ve 45.0-49.9 kg canli agirligindaki kecilerde oldugu belirlenmistir. Fluorogestone acetate iceren intravajinal sunger ile senkronizasyon ile tabii tohumlama uygulamasi nin kecilerde oglak verimini arttirdigi sonucuna varilmistir.

Evaluation of genetic diversity in long hair Nagaland goat Sumi-Ne

The long hair Nagaland goat (LHNG) registered by the name Sumi-Ne (Accession No. ‘INDIA_GOAT_1400_ SUMI-NE_06028’) are mainly found in Zunehoboto and Tuensang districts whereas their number is very less in Kiphire, Phek and other districts of Nagaland. The long hair goat, as the name indicates, is distinguished from other goat populations of NEH region by the presence of long silky hair in males and are reared by Sumi tribe people under extensive and semi-extensive system of management. These goats are predominantly of black (head &amp; neck) and white (remaining parts) colour. The long hair of these goats are of commercial utility for the tribal people. An attempt was made to characterize these goats genetically using microsatellite markers (23). All the 23 loci investigated were found polymorphic. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.044 (OarJMP29) to 0.789 (ILSTS058) with an average 0.465±0.048. The total number of alleles observed across these microsatellite loci was 116. The number of alleles observed varied from 2 (OarJMP29) to 9 (ILSTS058) with an overall mean of 5.043±0.380. Effective number of alleles ranged from 1.048 (OarJMP29) to 5.414 (ILSTS058) with mean 2.576±0.285. The average observed heterozygosity within the population of LHNG ranged from0.043 (ETH225) to 0.786 (OMHC1) with an average of 0.347±0.040, whereas expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.045 (OarLMP29) to 0.815 (ILSTS058) with an average of 0.499±0.050. The expected heterozygosity was significantly higher than observed heterozygosity at most of loci except ILSTS059, OarJMP29, ILSTS34, ILSTS022 and RM088. Shannon’s information index which measures the level of genetic diversity was sufficiently high with a mean of 1.008±0.105 and ranged from 0.110 (OarJMP29) to 1.811 (ILSTS058). The within population inbreeding estimates (FIS) varied from –0.467 (ILSTS022) to 0.780 (ETH225) with average 0.258±0.064. Only 5 loci (ILSTS059, OarJMP29, ILSTS34, ILSTS022, RM088) revealed negative F values indicating the absence of inbreeding at these loci. About 26% of the inbreeding was noticed in LHNG leading to moderate level of homozygosity in the population. The L-shaped mode-shift curve indicated absence of bottleneck (reduction in the effective population size) in the recent past. Long hair goats of Nagaland are genetically distant (0.636) from both Singharey and Black goats of Sikkim and many other goat breeds of the country. There is a need to establish a separate goat farm in the native tract for maintaining the genetic purity, their propagation and conservation.

Identifying polymorphism in some genes and their effects on growth performance in Honamli and hair goat breeds

The aim of this study was to detect growth hormone (GH), leptin (LEP), pituitary transcription factor-1 (POU1F1), bone morphogenetic protein-15 (BMP15) and myostatin (MSTN) genes polymorphisms, to investigate the genetic structure and allele frequencies value for these polymorphisms and to determine their influence on some growth traits (live weight and linear body measurements as growth traits on 90, 120, 180 and 365 days) in Honamli and Hair goat breeds. For these purposes, a total of 300 goats were used, genotyping was performed on 150 Honamli and 150 Hair goat breeds. Genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Phenotypic data of growth traits of each individual goat were collected. A 422 bp product and a 116 bp product of GH1 and GH2 respectively, a 450 bp product of POU1F1, a 152 bp and 400 bp product of LEP EX2 and LEP INT2 respectively, a 497 bp product of MSTN and a 141 bp product of BMP15, thus 7 loci of 5 genes, were amplified by PCR. The effect of genotypes at each locus on growth traits was assessed with general linear models. Birth weights, live weights and linear body measurements in the Honamli goat were higher in Hair goat. Investigated breeds were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for GH2-HaeIII, POU1F1-Pst1 and MSTN-DraI polymorphisms, but not for the GH1-HaeIII polymorphism (p<0.001). Whereas, LEP and BMP15 genes were monomorphic in both breeds. On the other hand, no significant associations were found between examined growth traits and any of the studied polymorphisms in the Honamli and Hair goat breeds. This study reported the existence of genetic polymorphisms in the GH, POU1F1 and MSTN genes and their effects on growth traits in Honamli and Hair goat breeds were investigated for the first time. The present results led us to conclude that although the GH2-HaeIII, POU1F1-Pst1 and MSTN-DraI polymorphism presented adequate segregation for association studies in Honamli and Hair goat breeds, it does not seem to be a promising selection tool for growth traits in Honamli and Hair goat breeds.

The Factors Effect on Weaning Weight of Hair Goats in West Anatolia

Objective:In this study; the relationships of several traits effects of Turkish Hair Goats were investigated by canonic correlation analysis. Therefore determining more effective factors on weaning weight of Hair goats are aimed.Material and Methods: The data were utilized from 1020 male and 1011 female Hair goat kids which were born in the period 2013 to 2016. The herd, year of birth, birth type and sex are analyzed as the first set of variables (X); weight at birth, weight at thirty day of age and weight at weaning age effects are analyzed as the second set of variables (Y). By performing canonical correlation analysis, canonical correlations between the first, second and third pair of canonical variates were estimated and three canonical correlation were found significant (P &amp;lt; 0.01).Results:The biggest correlations between year of birth, sex, birth type variables and v1, v2 and v3 canonical variates were found -0.77%, 0.87% and -0.82%, respectively. The biggest correlations between weight at birth, weight at thirty day of age and weight at weaning age and w1, w2 and w3 canonical variates were found 0.84%, -0.97% and -0.78%, respectively. As a result it has been determined that sex and birth type play an important role in the formation of the goat kid’s body weights.Conclusion:Hair goats reared in West Anatolia are slaughtered mostly at the end of the weaning. Because of this, assessment the factors effect on weaning weight are important. Canonical correlation analysis therefore is used to analyze all factors at the same time to define relationships between each other of weaning traits for hair goats.

Changes in some biochemical parameters of hair goat kids diagnosed with oak poisoning

In this study, some biochemical parameters of hair goat kids which had consumed excessive amounts of oak leaves and acorns in the autumn season and displayed toxicity symptoms during clinical inspections were evaluated. Blood samples were collected from the jugular veins of the goat kids. Glucose, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, Na, K, Cl, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of poisoned animals were found to be within the reported reference intervals. Creatinine, total protein, albumin, Ca, Mg and Fe levels, on the other hand, were found to be below the reference intervals. As a result, it was concluded that goats reflect the clinical findings of oak poisoning described in the literature, which courses with lowered amounts of mineral (Fe, Mg, Ca), TP, albumin and creatinine, yet without a significant change in other biochemical parameters. It can also be concluded that excessive consumption of oak by goats was capable of leading to toxicity.

Comparison of serum procalcitonin, haptoglobin and C-reactive protein levels in goats with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

This study was conducted to investigate the response of acute phase proteins, mainly Haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, Procalcitonin and the negative acute phase response, especially albumin in goats suffering from C. pseudotuberculosis. A total of 19 Turkish hair goats between the ages of 1.5 and 2 years in a special dairy farm was selected for the study, consisting of 9 healthy animals and 10 with C. pseudotuberculosis. There was a statistically significant difference in serum haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and albumin levels in goats with C. pseudotuberculosis, compared to the control group (p less than 0.05). The results showed that Haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and Procalcitonin produce a higher, and Alb a lower, response in goats with C. pseudotuberculosis compared to the control. The presented study suggests that C. pseudotuberculosis can influence the level of acute phase proteins in goats. These results indicate that monitoring a number of acute phase proteins can increase the diagnostic information available for this disease.

Sudden death due to gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum in goats

BackgroundEven though gas gangrene caused by Clostridium septicum in goats is mentioned in the classical textbooks, we have not managed to find any case description in the literature.Case presentationClinical signs resembling gas gangrene such as subcutaneous bloating, edema and crepitation were detected at various body parts of nine pregnant animals at the ages of 2–3 years on a hair goat farm (n = 170) located in Bingol province, Eastern Turkey. Five of these suspected animals with severe clinical symptoms died within 2 days. Various samples such as internal organs, edematous skin and edema fluid collected from dead and live animals were analyzed for the presence of clostridial agents by histopathological and microbiological methods. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic examination, lesions of gas gangrene were detected. The suspected isolates were identified and confirmed as C. septicum by bacteriological and molecular methods.ConclusionThe present study was the first to report identification of C. septicum as primary agent in the gas gangrene of goats.

The prediction of live weight of hair goats through penalized regression methods: LASSO and adaptive LASSO.

The least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) and adaptive LASSO methods have become a popular model in the last decade, especially for data with a multicollinearity problem. This study was conducted to estimate the live weight (LW) of Hair goats from biometric measurements and to select variables in order to reduce the model complexity by using penalized regression methods: LASSO and adaptive LASSO for and . The data were obtained from 132 adult goats in Honaz district of Denizli province. Age, gender, forehead width, ear length, head length, chest width, rump height, withers height, back height, chest depth, chest girth, and body length were used as explanatory variables. The adjusted coefficient of determination (), root mean square error (RMSE), Akaike's information criterion (AIC), Schwarz Bayesian criterion (SBC), and average square error (ASE) were used in order to compare the effectiveness of the methods. It was concluded that adaptive LASSO () estimated the LW with the highest accuracy for both male (; RMSE 3.6250; AIC 79.2974; SBC 65.2633; ASE 7.8843) and female (; RMSE 4.4069; AIC 392.5405; SBC 308.9888; ASE 18.2193) Hair goats when all the criteria were considered.

Yetiştirici koşullarında kıl keçi ve saanen x kıl keçi genotiplerinin (F1, G1, G2) büyüme özellikleri ve yaşama gücü üzerine bir araştırma

Bu araştırma, Saanen x Kıl (S x K) keçi genotipleri (F1, G1 ve G2) ve Kıl keçilerinde büyüme ve yaşama gücünü ve etkili faktörleri tespit etmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma, Amasya ili Sarılar köyünde özel bir işletmede yetiştirilen 24 baş S x K F1, 91 baş S x K G1, 14 baş S x K G2 ve 53 baş Kıl keçisi oğlakları ile yürütülmüştür. Oğlakların doğum, 1 ay, 2.5 ay ve 6 ay canlı ağırlıkları üzerine genotip, doğum tipi ve cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05) bulunmuştur. Ana yaşının oğlakların doğum ve 2.5 ay canlı ağırlıkları üzerine etkisinin önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sütten kesim döneminde (2.5 ay) vücut ölçülerinden vücut uzunluğu (VU), cidago yüksekliği (CY), ön incik çevresi (ÖİÇ), göğüs çevresi (GÇ) ve sağrı yüksekliği (SY) üzerine genotipin etkisi önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05) bulunmuştur. Oğlakların 2.5 ay vücut ölçülerinden göğüs derinliği (GD) üzerine cinsiyetin etkisi önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05), VU, ÖİÇ, GÇ ve göğüs genişliği (GG) üzerine doğum tipinin etkisinin önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dokuz aylık vücut ölçülerinden GÇ ve SY genotipten önemli (P&amp;lt;0.05) düzeyde etkilenmiş, CY ve ÖİÇ ise cinsiyetten önemli düzeyde (P&amp;lt;0.05) etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada S x K G2 melez erkek oğlakların yaşama gücünün (% 87.5) S x K G2 dişi oğlaklardan (% 50.0) yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak yetiştirici koşullarında Saanen ile Kıl keçi arasındaki melezlemelerde Saanen ırkının kan derecesinin artmasıyla doğan melez oğlaklarda büyüme özellikleri ve yaşama gücünün olumsuz etkilenebileceği ve çevre koşullarına karşı duyarlılıklarının artabileceği söylenebilir.

Serum cholesterol levels in Hair goats of Aksaray Region

This study was conducted to determine the levels of serum total cholesterol in Hair goats in different gender and age ranges. For this purpose, the blood samples from 120 Hair goats, young (£ 6 months) and adult (2-4 years), which were found to be clinically healthy, were taken from the vena jugularis. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were measured in sera samples. The mean values in adult female goats, young female goats, adult male goats and young male goats were found. Triglyceride levels were found to be higher in male goats than in females. It was observed that the HDL values obtained from male kids were lower than the other ones. The LDL results obtained from the goats were close to each other and statistically insignificant. Thus, in this study, the data obtained is considered to contribute to the formation of reference values in the Hair goats.n

Using of sunflower silage instead of corn silage in the diets of goat

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of using sunflower silage instead of corn silage for goats in early lactation on rumen and blood parameters and milk yield and composition. Saanen x Hair goat crossbred were used to assess their milk yield and composition with four diets, where corn silage (CS) was substituted with sunflower silage (SS) at amounts of 0, 34, 66 and 100 % of diets, respectively. The concentrations of C18:1 cis-9, C18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (CLA), C18:3n6 and C18:3n:3 fatty acids increased, due to the increase in the content of SS in the diet, and the highest levels of these fatty acids were found in the 100SS group (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, the roughage source represents an effective strategy for altering the fatty acid composition of goat milk, with evidence that the total mixed ration is an important determinant of ruminal unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the goat.

Some cashmere characteristics of hair goats raised in Van province

The aim of this study was to uncover certain physical properties of cashmere fibres obtained from goat hair in Van, Turkey, and determine their usability in the textile sector. For this purpose 36 hair goats were studied, aged between two and three years old, obtained from breeders at Van Yuzuncu Yil University Livestock Facilities and the Ozalp and Baskale districts of Van, with twelve goats being taken from each breeder. The sample of hairs were collected by combing three areas of the goat’s body (shoulder, flank and rump). The analysis indicated that the cashmere length of two-year-old hair goats was longer than that of three-year-old hair goats. There was no linear relationship between the differences among cashmere elasticity and yield properties and the altitude levels of the districts. It was determined that the fibre diameter of the cashmere of hair goats in Van was acceptable for the textile sector and competitive with major cashmere-producing countries. Key words : cashmere features, hair goat, Van province.

Morphometric Attributes of Nagaland Long Hair Goat of Zunheboto District, Nagaland

Nagaland is the part of Indo Myanmar bio-diversity hotspot, Twenty five recognized global biodiversity hotspot provides a unique profusion of habitats and diverse biota. Nagaland Long Hair Goat (NLHG) is an example of this unique biodiversity. This goat is distributed in a few pockets Zunheboto, Tuensang and Kiphire districts of Nagaland and has very distinctive features. As per crude estimate total population of this goat is about 1200, which is declining rapidly. The present data were collected from two the different villages i.e., Xuivhi and Aghunato of Zunheboto District of Nagaland. Phenotypic Data was collected from 60 adult goats (30 males and 30 females) of approximately 12 to 24 months of age. The animals are medium sized and their coat colour is either white or jet black in general, but animals with patches of black on white are also not uncommon. The average measurements of the body weight (kg), body length (cm), height at wither (cm), and hair length (cm) have been found to be 37.52±0.96, 112.54±1.91, 105.78±1.89 and 27.84±0.46 and 30.77±0.54, 90.63±0.83, 76.96±0.74, 14.59±0.49, respectively male and female. The numbers of offspring per kidding and milk production (g/day) have been found to be 1.67±0.11 and 343.33±18.37, respectively. The males are bigger in size, heavier in weight and bear long course hair compared to female. These goats are basically reared for meat and their hairs are at times used for making head gears and other cultural items.

Transcriptomic inspection revealed a possible pathway regulating the formation of the high-quality brush hair in Chinese Haimen goat (Capra hircus).

The high-quality brush hair, or Type III brush hair, is coarse hair but with a tip and little medulla, which uniquely grows in the cervical carina of Chinese Haimen goat (Capra hircus). To unveil the mechanism of the formation of Type III brush hair in Haimen goats, transcriptomic RNAseq technology was used for screening of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the skin samples of the Type III and the non-Type III hair goats, and these DEGs were analysed by KEGG pathway analysis. The results showed that a total of 295 DEGs were obtained, mainly from three main functional types: cellular component, molecular function and biological process. These DEGs were mainly enriched in three KEGG pathways, such as protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK, and complement and coagulation cascades. These DEGs gave hints to a possible mechanism, under which heat stress possibly initiated the formation. The study provided some useful biological information, which could give a new view about the roles of certain factors in hair growth and give hints on the mechanism of the formation of the Type III brush hair in Chinese Haimen goat.

Kıl Keçisi Yetiştiriciliğinin Organik Üretim Bakımından Uygunluğu

Tarımsal üretimin entansifleşmesi artan nüfusun beslenebilmesi için gerekçe olsa da son yıllarda toplumun bilinçlenmesine paralel olarak organik ya da ekolojik ürünlere talep artmaktadır. Yetiştirme sistemi nedeni ile bu yapıya uygun olan ya da birkaç düzenleme ile uygun hale gelebilecek olan Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Türkiye‘nin büyük bir bölümünde yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Kıl keçi yetiştiriciliği Organik Tarımın Esasları ve Uygulanmasına İlişkin Yönetmelik ile birlikte değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma, melezleme tehdidi altında olan Kıl keçinin organik üretim kapsamında değerlendirilmesi ile sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanması bakımından önemlidir.