Determination Of Hemoglobin Research Articles

Biomarker analysis of hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide enantiomers for mid-term internal exposure assessment by isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of acrylamide (AA) and its oxidative metabolite glycidamide (GA) are important biomarkers for evaluating the mid-term exposure of acrylamide toxicity in vivo. Taking pentafluoro-2-methylphenyl isothiocyanates of N-(2-carbamoylethyl)valine (AAVal-PFPTH) and N-(2-carbamoyl-2-hydroxyethy)valine (GAVal-PFPTH) as target analytes, we developed an isotope dilution ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of AA and GA hemoglobin (Hb) adducts under the electroscopy ionization negative (ESI‾) mode in the present work. Among them, the enantiomer pair of GA-Hb adducts was firstly identified and successfully separated at baseline level. The method achieved high sensitivity with the LOD and LOQ ranging 1.43–5.05pmol/g Hb and 4.78–16.82pmol/g Hb, respectively. The recovery rates with low, intermediate and high spiking levels were calculated as 97.0–105.2%, 97.4–106.4% and 100.3–111.2%, respectively. Acceptable within-laboratory reproducibility (RSD < 13.7%) substantially supported the robustness of current UHPLC-MS/MS method, which was successfully applied to measure the hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide enantiomers in blood of both rats and humans. A linear exposure assessment model was developed for estimating the daily exposure to acrylamide in humans via considering acrylamide hemoglobin adducts as variables, indicating a novel connect between biomarker-based internal exposure and dietary-based external exposure. Overall, the present instrumental analysis and related internal exposure assessment model provide a substantially methodological support for profiling the internal biological exposure and estimating the external dietary exposure to acrylamide.

A potentiometric sensor for the trace level determination of hemoglobin in real samples using multiwalled carbon nanotube based molecular imprinted polymer

A novel potentiometric sensor was developed with high selectivity and sensitivity for the detection of hemoglobin using surface modified multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). MWCNT is first oxidized using concentrated nitric acid, and then grafted with epichlorohydrin (ECH). The epoxide ring present on the surface of MWCNT reacts with allyl alcohol in presence of sodium to form vinylated MWCNT (MWCNT-CHCH2). MWCNT based imprinted polymer (MWCNT-MIP) was prepared by means of itaconic acid (IA) as the monomer, ethelene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross linker, α, α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator and hemoglobin (Hb), a metalloprotein as the template molecule. FTIR, XRD, Raman and SEM analyses were carried out for the characterization of MWCNT-MIP. The optimizations of analytical parameters were also done. The prepared MWCNT-MIP sensor exhibited not only high selectivity toward Hb in comparison to other interferents, but also a wide linear range over Hb concentration from 1.0 to 10.0µg/mL with a detection limit of 1.0µg/mL (3σ) and the slope obtained for MWCNT-MIP was 42.639mv/decades. The people with hematuria the concentration of hemo in the urine is of about 1.0mg/ml. In this report, hemo can be sensed in urine with sensitivity of 1.0µg/ml and the sensitivity is sufficient in physiological fluids like bile juice. The stability of sensor was checked and it is found to be 6 months and it can be reused several times without losing its sensitivity. The developed sensor was successfully applied for human bile juice and urine samples.

Can noninvasive hemoglobin measurement reduce the need for preoperative venipuncture in pediatric outpatient surgery?

Noninvasive measurements of hemoglobin in the pediatric perioperative setting could be helpful to avoid venipunctures in children. The present study aims to evaluate this by using a noninvasive device for hemoglobin determination. We compared noninvasively obtained hemoglobin with laboratory hemoglobin concentrations in children during their preoperative assessment. In an observational study, 122 nonanemic children (age 4.2±1.6years) who were scheduled to undergo different surgical procedures under general anesthesia were included. In their preoperative preparations, single invasive blood samples for laboratory hemoglobin concentrations were routinely taken following hospital policy and compared to simultaneous noninvasive determinations of hemoglobin. A preoperative invasive value ≤9g/dL would have caused cancelation of surgery and implied further investigations. A Bland-Altman plot showed that the average difference between noninvasively obtained hemoglobin and laboratory hemoglobin concentration was -0.44g/dL (bias) with a standard deviation of the mean bias of 1.04g/dL. A hemoglobin error grid showed that the noninvasive device could identify almost all invasive hemoglobin values >9g/dL. In total, there were 4 false-positive values where noninvasively obtained hemoglobin observations were below while the paired invasive values were above 9g/dL. The data in this pediatric setting suggest that the device may eliminate the need for venipuncture in nonanemic children.

Postdonation Anemia in Living Kidney Donors

BackgroundThe effect of nephrectomy on development of anemia in living kidney donation has not been well studied. We hypothesized that the remaining kidney volume and function after donation are determinants of hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and postdonation anemia (PDA). MethodsWe studied 398 living kidney donors (LKDs) who donated from January 2001 to December 2013. Demographic variables, hematologic variables, renal mass, and renal function were investigated as factors associated with PDA with the use of univariate and multivariable logistical regression analysis. Renal mass was determined from kidney volume measured with the use of computerized tomographic scans. ResultsPrevalence of PDA in LKDs was 11.8% at a median follow-up time of 601 days. In univariate analyses, PDA was more prevalent in women than in men (72% vs 28%; P = .048). Age and race were not associated factors. Kidney volume was lower in donors with PDA than in those without PDA (326 ± 52 mL vs 368 ± 70 mL; P < .001). Donors with and without PDA had similar predonation and postdonation glomerular filtration rates. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, total kidney volume and predonation anemia remained as independent factors associated with PDA. ConclusionsPDA is prevalent after living kidney donation, with donor kidney volume and predonation hemoglobin levels being independent determinants for PDA.

Optical wavelength selection for portable hemoglobin determination by near-infrared spectroscopy method

Hemoglobin concentration is commonly used in clinical medicine to diagnose anemia, identify bleeding, and manage red blood cell transfusions. The golden standard method for determining hemoglobin concentration in blood requires reagent. Spectral methods were advantageous at fast and non-reagent measurement. However, model calibration with full spectrum is time-consuming. Moreover, it is necessary to use a few variables considering size and cost of instrumentation, especially for a portable biomedical instrument. This study presents different wavelength selection methods for optical wavelengths for total hemoglobin concentration determination in whole blood. The results showed that modelling using only two wavelengths combination (1143nm, 1298nm) can keep on the fine predictability with full spectrum. It appears that the proper selection of optical wavelengths can be more effective than using the whole spectra for determination hemoglobin in whole blood. We also discussed the influence of water absorptivity on the wavelength selection. This research provides valuable references for designing portable NIR instruments determining hemoglobin concentration, and may provide some experience for noninvasive hemoglobin measurement by NIR methods.

Compact detectors made of paired LEDs for photometric and fluorometric measurements on paper

The utility of strikingly simple and cheap optoelectronic detectors operating according to a Paired-Emitter-Detector-Diode (PEDD) principle for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD) has been experimentally confirmed. The prototypes of these compact detectors have been made of only two customary light emitting diodes without any additional optical parts like lens, filters, fibers etc. Moreover, for their operation economic and portable equipment is required (low-power circuit and ordinary voltmeter). Photometric and fluorometric PEDDs for paper devices are developed. In both cases the possibility of their applicability in transmittance and reflectance modes of measurements are presented. In these investigations as model analytes some coloured and fluorescence substances have been handled, but the utility of several developed systems for real chemical analysis has also been demonstrated. The results of photometric determination of hemoglobin in human blood, as well as fluorometric determination of quinine in tonics and calcium ions in mineral waters using various PEDD-μPAD systems have been shown.

Folate Deficiency Is Prevalent in Women of Childbearing Age in Belize and Is Negatively Affected by Coexisting Vitamin B-12 Deficiency: Belize National Micronutrient Survey 2011

Background: Folate deficiency, vitamin B-12 deficiency, and anemia can have adverse effects on birth outcomes. Also, low vitamin B-12 reduces the formation of metabolically active folate.Objectives: We sought to establish the baseline prevalence of and factors associated with folate deficiency and insufficiency, vitamin B-12 deficiency, and anemia among women of childbearing age (WCBA) in Belize.Methods: In 2011, a national probability-based survey was completed among Belizean nonpregnant WCBA aged 15-49 y. Blood samples for determination of hemoglobin, folate (RBC and serum), and vitamin B-12 (plasma) and sociodemographic and health information were collected from 937 women. RBC and serum folate concentrations were measured by microbiologic assay (MBA). Folate status was defined based on both the WHO-recommended radioproteinbinding assay and the assay adjusted for the MBA.Results: The national prevalence estimates for folate deficiency in WCBA, based on serum and RBC folate concentrations by using the assay-matched cutoffs, were 11.0% (95% CI: 8.6%, 14.0%) and 35.1% (95% CI: 31.3%, 39.2%), respectively. By using the assay-matched compared with the WHO-recommended cutoffs, a substantially higher prevalence of folate deficiency was observed based on serum (6.9% absolute difference) and RBC folate (28.9% absolute difference) concentrations. The prevalence for RBC folate insufficiency was 48.9% (95% CI: 44.8%, 53.1%). Prevalence estimates for vitamin B-12 deficiency and marginal deficiency and anemia were 17.2% (95% CI: 14.2%, 20.6%), 33.2% (95% CI: 29.6%, 37.1%), and 22.7% (95% CI: 19.5%, 26.2%), respectively. The adjusted geometric means of the RBC folate concentration increased significantly (P-trend < 0.001) in WCBA who had normal vitamin B-12 status relative to WCBA who were vitamin B-12 deficient.Conclusions: In Belize, the prevalence of folate and vitamin B-12 deficiencies continues to be a public health concern among WCBA. Furthermore, low folate status co-occurred with low vitamin B-12 status, underlining the importance of providing adequate vitamin B-12 and folic acid intake through approaches such as mandatory food fortification.

Validation of Masimo Pronto 7 and Hemocue 201 for hemoglobin determination in children from 1 to 5 years of age

ObjectiveEvaluate the accuracy and precision of Hemocue 201 (Hemocue) and Masimo Pronto 7 (Masimo) devices for measuring hemoglobin in epidemiological studies using having as a gold standard venous blood samples.Material and methodsIn a field sample of 148 children aged 1–5 years were subjects to measure Hemoglobin (Hb) using Masimo, and a capillary blood sample for Hemocue; and a venous blood sample for an automatic analyzer. We constructed regression models with no intercept, for precision and predictability; concordance correlations for accuracy and precision; Band and Altman limits of agreement, and thierarchical linear models for measurement system variance diagnostics.ResultsBoth devices under estaimated Hb concentartions compared with gold standard. Hemocue and Masimo devices have regression coefficients of 0.887 and 0.876 with predictability of 98.7% and 98.6% respectively. Concordance correlation coefficients for Hemocue was 0.18341, (p&lt;0.001) and for Masimo 0.16638, (p&lt;0.001). Bland and Altman showed a difference of −1.51 for Hemocue and −1.62 for Masimo. The three level hierarchical linear model shows that 57.9% of the total variance for Masimo came from repeated measure on same subjects.ConclusionsHemocue and Masimo measure less concentrations of Hb than the gold standard. The accuracy and presicion of Hb measurements with Hemocue and Masimo devices are very similar in the field. Devices should be used properly in field work, based on enhanced training schedules.

Optimal Timing for Hemoglobin Concentration Determination after Total Knee Arthroplasty: Day 1 versus Day 2.

PurposePostoperative hemoglobin (Hb) determination remains an essential parameter for quantifying blood loss following total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and guiding transfusion practice. In this study we aimed to ascertain the optimal timing for Hb determination postoperatively and assess its relationship to serum hematocrit (Hct).Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort analysis of 61 consecutive patients undergoing preoperative, day 1 and day 2 Hb and Hct concentration determination following TKR surgery. This was a single centre study in the United Kingdom.ResultsThe mean fall in Hb concentration at day 1 was 2.9 g/dL in comparison to 3.3 g/dL at day 2. This indicated a significant difference of 0.39 g/dL (p=0.023). A total of 5 patients required blood transfusions following day 2 Hb determination. Postoperative Hct values varied in close relation with the Hb concentration with no significant differences demonstrated. Our study reveals a significant change between day 1 and day 2 Hb concentrations following TKR surgery, with no significant differing information provided through Hct determination.ConclusionsOur results support the use of delayed routine testing at day 2 following surgery as it is likely to more accurately reflect ongoing hidden blood loss into the joint cavity and within soft tissue planes.

Validation of Masimo Pronto 7 and HemoCue 201 for hemoglobin determination in children from 1 to 5 years of age.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and precision of HemoCue 201 (HemoCue) and Masimo Pronto 7 (Masimo) devices for measuring hemoglobin (Hb) in epidemiological studies, having venous blood samples as a gold standard.Material and methodsWe measured Hb concentrations in a field sample of 148 children from one to five years of age. Masimo and HemoCue were used for capillary blood samples and an automatic analyzer for venous blood samples. Regression models with no intercept were constructed to measure precision and predictability, concordance correlations to measure accuracy and precision, and Bland-Altman limits of agreement as well as hierarchical linear models to estimate variance.ResultsBoth HemoCue and Masimo underestimated Hb concentrations compared to the gold standard. They respectively yielded the following results: regression coefficients of 0.887 and 0.876 with 98.7% and 98.6% predictability; concordance correlation coefficients of 0.183 (p<0.001) and 0.166 (p<0.001); and Bland-Altman variances of -1.51 and -1.62. With regard to Masimo specifically, the three-level Hierarchical Linear Model showed that 57.9% of total variance stemmed from random errors in repeated measures from the same subject.ConclusionsHemoCue and Masimo measure lower Hb concentrations than the gold standard. Their accuracy and precision levels are comparable. It is essential to ensure proper use of devices through enhanced training of field workers.

FEASIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTING A CONTINUOUS HOUSEHOLD MALARIA INDICATOR SURVEY IN RARIEDA SUB-COUNTY, SIAYA COUNTY, WESTERN KENYA

BackgroundMalaria transmission in Siaya County is high and perennial with peak transmission in May-July and October-November. The Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)...

Functional monomer-template-QDs sandwich structure for mesoporous structured bovine hemoglobin imprinted ratiometric fluorescence sensor

In this work, mesoporous structured molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescence sensor (M-R-MIPs) for highly sensitive and selective determination of bovine hemoglobin (BHb) was developed based on core-shell structure. First, red CdTe QDs were embedded into silica nanoparticles by reverse microemulsion method, then BHb imprinted silica shell were coated on the core silica. In order to improve the sensitivity of the as-prepared MIPs sensor, during the process of imprinted silica shell formation, functional monomer-template-QDs sandwich structure was first employed to improve the recognition sites accessibility, mesoporous silica was applied to reduce mass transfer resistance, and ratiometric fluorescence technique was adopted to achieve visual signal output by doping green CdTe QDs into silica shell. The as-prepared M-R-MIPs exhibited excellent sensitivity when compared to M-R-NIPs and corresponding single fluorescence MIPs sensor. Under the optimized condition, when detection of BHb, the linear range was 0.02–2.0μM with detection limit of 6.3nM, accompanied with distinguished fluorescence color change from yellow to orange to red. The feasibility of the developed method in real samples was successfully evaluated through analysis of BHb in bovine urine and blood samples with satisfactory recoveries of 92.6–101.2%. The developed method proposed in this work proved to be more sensitive and reliable, provided an alternative solution for recognition and determination of protein from real samples.

Electrochemical sensor based on magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles modified magnetic electrode for determination of Hb

A fast and selective electrochemical sensor for determination of hemoglobin (Hb) was developed based on magnetic molecularly imprinted nanoparticles modified on the magnetic glassy carbon electrode. The nanoparticles Fe3O4@SiO2 with a magnetic core and a molecularly imprinted shell had regular structures and good monodispersity. Hb could be determined directly by electrochemical oxidization with the modified electrode. A magnetic field increased electrochemical response to Hb by two times. Imprinting Hb on the surface of Fe3O4@SiO2 shortened the response time within 7min. Under optimum conditions, the imprinting factor toward the non-imprinted sensor was 2.8, and the separation factor of Hb to horseradish peroxidase was 2.6. The oxidation peak current had a linear relationship with Hb concentration ranged from 0.005mg/ml to 0.1mg/ml with a detection limit (S/N =3) of 0.0010mg/ml. The sensors were successfully applied to analysis of Hb in whole blood samples with recoveries between 95.7% and 105%.

Transverse water relaxation in whole blood and erythrocytes at 3T, 7T, 9.4T, 11.7T and 16.4T; determination of intracellular hemoglobin and extracellular albumin relaxivities

Blood is a physiological substance with multiple water compartments, which contain water-binding proteins such as hemoglobin in erythrocytes and albumin in plasma. Knowing the water transverse (R2) relaxation rates from these different blood compartments is a prerequisite for quantifying the blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) effect. Here, we report the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) based transverse (R2CPMG) relaxation rates of water in bovine blood samples circulated in a perfusion system at physiological temperature in order to mimic blood perfusion in humans. R2CPMG values of blood plasma, lysed packed erythrocytes, lysed plasma/erythrocyte mixtures, and whole blood at 3 T, 7 T, 9.4 T, 11.7 T and 16.4 T were measured as a function of hematocrit or hemoglobin concentration, oxygenation, and CPMG inter-echo spacing (τcp). R2CPMG in lysed cells showed a small τcp dependence, attributed to the water exchange rate between free and hemoglobin-bound water to be much faster than τcp. This was contrary to the tangential dependence in whole blood, where a much slower exchange between cells and blood plasma applies. Whole blood data were fitted as a function of τcp using a general tangential correlation time model applicable for exchange as well as diffusion contributions to R2CPMG, and the intercept R20blood at infinitely short τcp was determined. The R20blood values at different hematocrit and the R2CPMG values of lysed erythrocyte/plasma mixtures at different hemoglobin concentration were used to determine the relaxivity of hemoglobin inside the erythrocyte (r2Hb) and albumin (r2Alb) in plasma. The r2Hb values obtained from lysed erythrocytes and whole blood were comparable at full oxygenation. However, while r2Hb determined from lysed cells showed a linear dependence on oxygenation, this dependence became quadratic in whole blood. This possibly suggests an additional relaxation effect inside intact cells, perhaps due to hemoglobin proximity to the erythrocyte membrane. However, we cannot exclude that this is a consequence of the simple tangential model used to remove relaxation contributions from exchange and diffusion. The extensive data set presented should be useful for future theory development for the transverse relaxation of blood.

Red Blood Cell Deformability, Age, Ethnicity and Susceptibility to Malaria in Africa

Introduction: malaria is one of the most frequent hematological diseases worldwide. Because the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum develops mainly in red blood cells (RBC), splenic retention of infected and uninfected RBC is likely a key player in the variable susceptibility of humans to malaria. Age and ethnicity are important determinants of the manifestations of malaria in Africa (Reyburn JAMA 2005, Dolo Am J Trop Med Hyg 2005; Greenwood Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1987; Torcia PNAS 2008), Asia (Price Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001), and in travelers (Seringe Emerg Infect Dis 2011). We had speculated that variations in the splenic sensing of RBC contribute to the innate protection/susceptibility of infants against distinct forms of severe malaria and to the pathogenesis of chronic malaria (Buffet Curr Opin Hematol 2009; Buffet Blood 2011). Here, we explore the deformability and morphology of circulating RBC in populations living in a malaria-endemic area.Materials and methods: experiments were embedded in an integrated study driven by Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, which aims at the identification of genetic, epidemiologic and anthropologic determinants of susceptibility to malaria. IRB approval was obtained from Institut des Sciences Biomédicales Appliquées, Benin. Clinical and biological data were collected at the beginning of the rainy season from 627 individuals, belonging to 4 different ethnic groups living in sympatry in Atakora, North Benin and included age, gender, ethnicity, body temperature, presence and grade of splenomegaly, rapid diagnostic test for malaria (RDT), thick film and rapid hemoglobin determination with HemoCue©. Venous blood was collected for determination of RBC morphology and deformability. Using microsphiltration, a RBC filtering method that uses microsphere layers to mimic the mechanical retention of RBC in the splenic red pulp (Deplaine Blood 2011) we quantified the ability of a mix of labeled and non-labeled RBCs to squeeze between calibrated slits, results being expressed as retention or enrichment rates (RER) of subject’s RBC compared to normal RBC (from a single French O-positive donor) stored in blood bank conditions. Microsphiltration has been adapted to high-throughput experimentation using microplates (Duez AAC 2015). Experiments were performed in a field laboratory established on site; microplates were prepared in Paris and brought to North Benin in luggage with constant care to avoid shocks during transportation. All RBC samples were filtered in triplicate less than 8 hours after blood collection. Up- and downstream samples were brought back to France at 4°C in sealed micro-well plates and analyzed for individual RER calculation in the next 2 weeks by flow cytometry.Results: over 10 days, 262 adults and 249 children were included, 31% Bariba, 17% Gando (genetically related to Bariba), 24% Otamari, 27% Peulhs. Prevalences of splenomegaly, positive RDT, and fever were 13%, 27%, and 2%, respectively. Of 629 blood samples collected, 511 could be analyzed. RER of controls remained stable with time and across 17 microfiltering plates, with a median (IQR) retention rate of 12% (5% - 21%). Ethnicity and age were the only two factors associated with statistically significant differences in RER (figures 1 and 2). Infants (less than 2 year-old) had a more important enrichment than older children and adults (median in 2 years old or less 287%; 3 to 5 years 103%; 6 to 10 years: 64%; more than ten years: 91%; p=0.0161). Peulhs and Otamari also had higher median enrichment rates than Bariba and Gando (RER: 122% and 118%, 75%, 64%, respectively; p=0.0246). Conversely, splenomegaly, gender, positivity of RDT or anemia at the time of sampling were not associated with RER.Discussion: higher averaged enrichment rates in specific ethnic subgroups, namely Peulhs and Otamari, likely result from a more stringent splenic retention, leaving more deformable RBC in circulation. An innate spleen-RBC interaction process was also observed in infants, which is consistent with the higher incidence of severe malarial anemia and splenomegaly observed in this population (Reyburn JAMA 2005; Price Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001). Our results show that innate factors (e.g. ethnicity and age) tend to influence the deformability of RBC, and therefore the phenotypic expression of malaria in Africa. Ongoing experiments aim at deciphering the mechanisms responsible for these differences. [Display omitted] [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Improved infant hemoglobin (Hb) and blood glucose concentrations: The beneficial effect of maternal vitamin A supplementation of malaria-infected mothers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria

One hundred and fifty-two malaria-infected pregnant women whose pregnancies had advanced to the 6th month were randomised into two study groups – supplemented and placebo groups, after obtaining their approved consents. Ten thousand international units of vitamin A soft gels were administered to the supplemented group three times per week. Vitamin A soft gels devoid of their active ingredients were administered thrice weekly to the placebo group. Two hundred thousand international units of vitamin A was administered to the supplemented groups within 8 weeks postpartum. Placebo was given to the control group at same time after delivery. The regimen was continued in the two groups at three-month intervals until 12 months. Quarterly, 3 ml of venous blood was collected from each infant in the two groups and was used for the estimation of hemoglobin concentrations and determination of blood glucose levels. Hemoglobin concentrations were estimated using hemiglobincyanide method while the blood glucose levels were determined with a glucometer. Analysis of variance, Fisher’s least significant difference and t-test were used for data analysis. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. Both hemoglobin concentrations and blood glucose levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the supplemented group than in the placebo group. The malaria infection mitigating effects of maternal vitamin A supplementation have been established in the present study and supported by previous studies. Vitamin A supplementation, fortification of foods with vitamin A and diversification of diets, are advocated for maintenance of good health and protection against some infectious diseases.

A Rare Case of Acute Cyanide Poisoning from Cyanmethemoglobin Reagent Ingestion

Acute poisoning from cyanides frequently gives rise to lethal toxicity and rapid death. Although many cases of acute cyanide poisoning resulting from inhalation of hydrogen cyanide and ingestion of inorganic cyanide salts have been reported, acute poisoning resulting from ingestion of cyanmethemoglobin reagent (also called Drabkin's reagent, contains potassium cyanide) has most probably not been reported so far. Here we report a rare case of acute cyanide poisoning in a 30-year-old female laboratory technician resulting from deliberate ingestion of commercially available, ready to use liquid cyanmethemoglobin reagent used for colorimetric determination of hemoglobin in blood. She made an uneventful recovery with treatment.

An ultrasensitive aptasensor for hemin and hemoglobin based on signal amplification via electrocatalytic oxygen reduction

The present study aims at the fabrication of a novel electrochemical aptasensor, Ap–GA–AMSN–GCE, for the label-free determination of hemin and hemoglobin (Hb). Basically, the electrochemical reduction current of hemin or Hb incubated on Ap–GA–AMSN–GCE in the presence of oxygen serves as an excellent signal for quantitative determination of these analytes. By differential pulse voltammetry, the calibration plot was linear in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10−19–1.0 × 10−6 M of hemin and Hb. Also, the detection limits, DL, of hemin and Hb were found to be 7.5 × 10−20 M and 6.5 × 10−20 M respectively. According to the experimental results, using the proposed aptasensor in the absence of any oxygen molecule in the analytical solution, the DL value of hemin was 1.0 × 10−12 M. The very low DL obtained in the presence of oxygen is due to the excellent electrocatalytic activity of hemin and Hb incubated on the aptasensor for oxygen reduction. This electrocatalytic activity has a key role in bringing about excellent low detection limits, DL, and wide linear concentration ranges of analytes. Finally, this aptasensor was satisfactorily used for the determination of Hb in human blood samples.

Implantación de la determinación de hemoglobina glucosilada capilar en un Área de Salud: estudio multicéntrico sobre evolución de pacientes con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a joint intervention that included educational components, self-assessment, and information to optimise diabetes control through the introduction of instant capillary glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) determination in Primary Care. Materials and methodsA multicentre prospective descriptive study was carried out over 3years in 10Primary Care Centres of the Area VII Murcia East. At the end of the study there were 804 patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Patients were divided into 4 groups based on initial values of HbA1c, and if changes in their treatment were needed. HbA1c, body mass index, and blood pressure were monitored. A financial assessment was also performed on the impact of the implementation of a protocol to measure instant capillary ResultsA significant reduction was observed in HbA1c values. The initial HbA1c mean value was 7.4±1.4%, which decreased to a final value of 6.9±1.0% (P<.001). At the end of the study, 71.4% of patients included reached diabetic control objectives. In addition, the financial assessment demonstrated that the implementation of this diabetes control system led to a decrease of the 24.7% in spending on glucose strips after the first year of study in Area VII Murcia Health Service. ConclusionsThe introduction of capillary HbA1c determination in Primary Care has demonstrated to improve diabetes control and the efficiency of the health personnel. Furthermore, a reduction in the health costs of patients with DM2 was also shown.

Determination of Bovine Hemoglobin by Near-Infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with Novel Adsorption Preconcentration

ABSTRACTA method for the quantitative determination of bovine hemoglobin in dilute solution was developed using adsorption preconcentration and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. An adsorbent, designated as multicarbonyl polymer-grafted silica particles, was prepared for the preconcentration of bovine hemoglobin in dilute solution. Under neutral conditions, the adsorption efficiency exceeded 98% within 20 min. After the preconcentration of bovine hemoglobin on the adsorbent, the near-infrared spectrum was measured in diffuse reflectance mode and a partial least squares model was constructed for quantitative prediction. Samples were analyzed in the presence of amino acid, albumin bovine V, D-glucose, and metal ions as potential interferences. The results show that bovine hemoglobin was selectively determined. The correlation coefficient between the predicted concentrations and the reference values was 0.9911, and the recoveries were from 86.4 to 111.2% for validation samples with concentrations between 2.1 and 30.0 mg L−1. Therefore, the determination of bovine hemoglobin was achieved by near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy combined with preconcentration and chemometric modeling.