Habitus Images Research Articles

A New Genus and Species of Orsillinae (Heteroptera: Lygaeoidea: Lygaeidae) from Argentina

The new genus and species Cuyonysius flavidus, n. gen. and n. sp. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Lygaeidae: Orsillinae), described from San Juan Province, Argentina, is tentatively placed in the orsilline tribe Metrargini, based on the lack of a dorsal lobe on the conjunctiva, punctures along the claval suture, and the punctate buccula. Color digital images of the adult male and female, the pygophore, parameres, and aedeagus are provided to help distinguish this new metrargine from closely related taxa. A color habitus image and new distribution records are given for Balionysius maculatus Ashlock.

A new species of Tenagogonus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerridae) and first records of eight species of aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from India.

Aquatic and semi-aquatic Heteroptera from lentic and lotic freshwater bodies were surveyed from all the districts of Meghalaya. Tenagogonus aruli sp. nov. (Gerromorpha: Gerridae) is described and can be identified by the presence of a very long connexival process in the female, medium sized connexival process in the male, an irregular longitudinal black stripe on the sublateral region of the abdominal sternum in the apterous form, and a median longitudinal depression on the eighth abdominal sternum of the male. In addition, eight species of the infraorders Nepomorpha and Gerromorpha are recorded for the first time from India: Ranatra libera Zettel, 1999, Hydrometra jaczewskii Lundblad, 1933, H. longicapitis Torre-Bueno, 1927, Strongylovelia balteiformis Ye, Chen Bu, 2015, S. hainanensis Ye, Chen Bu, 2015, Gerris (Gerris) lobatus Andersen Chen, 1993, Tenagogonus kuiterti Hungerford Matsuda, 1958, and Rheumatogonus vietnamensis Zettel Chen, 1996. Detailed illustrations of the new species and habitus images and distribution maps of all the species recorded for the first time from India are provided.

Taxonomic review of genus Sejanus Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Korea, with a new species

Abstract Four species of Sejanus Distant, 1910 recognized from the Korean Peninsula including the first record of S. komabanus (Yasunaga et al., 2013), S. vivaricolus (Yasunaga et al., 2013) and a new species herein described, S. yasunagai Oh, Duwal & Lee sp. nov. Each species is diagnosed with images of dorsal habitus, male and female genitalic structures. A key to the Korean Sejanus species also presented. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CE49D679-AE73-4FE2-83D4-C4191F1D9954.

Species-level image classification with convolutional neural network enables insect identification from habitus images.

Changes in insect biomass, abundance, and diversity are challenging to track at sufficient spatial, temporal, and taxonomic resolution. Camera traps can capture habitus images of ground‐dwelling insects. However, currently sampling involves manually detecting and identifying specimens. Here, we test whether a convolutional neural network (CNN) can classify habitus images of ground beetles to species level, and estimate how correct classification relates to body size, number of species inside genera, and species identity.We created an image database of 65,841 museum specimens comprising 361 carabid beetle species from the British Isles and fine‐tuned the parameters of a pretrained CNN from a training dataset. By summing up class confidence values within genus, tribe, and subfamily and setting a confidence threshold, we trade‐off between classification accuracy, precision, and recall and taxonomic resolution.The CNN classified 51.9% of 19,164 test images correctly to species level and 74.9% to genus level. Average classification recall on species level was 50.7%. Applying a threshold of 0.5 increased the average classification recall to 74.6% at the expense of taxonomic resolution. Higher top value from the output layer and larger sized species were more often classified correctly, as were images of species in genera with few species.Fine‐tuning enabled us to classify images with a high mean recall for the whole test dataset to species or higher taxonomic levels, however, with high variability. This indicates that some species are more difficult to identify because of properties such as their body size or the number of related species.Together, species‐level image classification of arthropods from museum collections and ecological monitoring can substantially increase the amount of occurrence data that can feasibly be collected. These tools thus provide new opportunities in understanding and predicting ecological responses to environmental change.

Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Paranametis Burke, 1960 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Byrsopagini) in North America

The genus ParanametisBurke, 1960 is revised for North America (including northern Mexico). Paranametis distinctaBurke, 1960 is known from western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico. Phyxelis latirostrisBlatchley, 1916 is resurrected from synonymy with Phyxelis rigidus (Say, 1832) and treated as a valid species transferred to the genus Paranametis as Paranametis latirostris (Blatchley, 1916), resurrected status, new combination. Two new species are described herein: Paranametis burkei Anderson, new species (type locality Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas); and Paranametis howdenae Anderson, new species (type locality Mexico, Nuevo Leon, 5.3 mi. S La Escondida). All species are described or redescribed, natural history information is summarized, and a listing of locality data from all specimens examined is included and mapped. A key is provided to the species of the genus. All species are represented by habitus images and images of taxonomically significant structures. Paranametis species share a similar ramose/papillate/microfilamentous scale form with species of the genera Phyxelis Schoenherr, 1843 and LeptopinaraO'Brien, 1981, which is unique among North American Byrsopagini.

Three new species of the flower bug genus Orius (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) from Nepal

Abstract Three new species of the flower bug genus Orius Wolff, 1811 (Anthocorinae: Oriini) are described as new, namely Orius (Orius) ekaii sp. nov., O. (Orius) nigromaritus sp. nov., and O. (Xylorius) paveli sp. nov., all from Nepal. The plant association and habitat are documented for each new species. Habitus images of live individuals and scanning electron micrographs are also provided to aid in proper recognition of their identities. A checklist of Orius species known from South Asia (SAARC nations) is incorporated; Orius indicus (Reuter, 1884) is herein placed in the subgenus Dimorphella Reuter, 1884.

Review of the tent-web spider genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 in China, with descriptions of two new species (Araneae: Oecobiidae).

This paper concerns four species of the spider genus Uroctea Dufour, 1820 (Oecobiidae) from China. Two species, U. compactilis L. Koch, 1878 and U. lesserti Schenkel, 1936 are redescribed. Two new species are described here under the names U. multiprocessa Yang Zhang sp. nov. (male only, from Batang County of Sichuan Prov.) and U. yunlingensis Yang Zhao sp. nov. (both sexes from Yunling Mountains area of Yunnan Prov.). Color images of habitus and genitalia, SEM images of the male palps, and illustrations of epigynes of all species are provided. Specimens examined are deposited in the Institute of Entomoceutics Research, Dali University, China (DUIER) and School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, China (SWUC).

Description of a new whitefly, Pealius satakshiae Dubey (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), infesting Quercus leucotrichophora (Fagaceae) in the Western Himalaya, India

ABSTRACTA new whitefly species, Pealius satakshiae Dubey, found infesting Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus (Fagaceae) in the Chail Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal Pradesh, India, is described. Puparia of the new species differ from described Pealius species in being larger in size, having a differentiated cephalus, rhachisform abdomen and reduced abdominal segment VII, and lacking the first abdominal setae. Puparial characteristics for the genus Pealius Quaintance and Baker in relation to new species are discussed. Camera lucida drawings, images of habitus and holotype, and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs are provided.http://www.zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9712A865-4DD6-457B-84B0-1C7873316DE4

Discovery of a specialist Copelatinae fauna on Madagascar: highly ephemeral tropical forest floor depressions as an overlooked habitat for diving beetles (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae).

Diving beetles are generally aquatic and live submerged in water during larval and adult stages. A few groups have colonised hygropetric habitats and fewer species still can possibly be referred to as terrestrial. Here we describe six new Copelatine species that were mainly found in dry shallow forest floor depressions in the eastern and northeastern lowland humid forests of Madagascar. Three new species are described in each of the two genera Copelatus and Madaglymbus: Copelatus amphibiussp. nov., Copelatus betamponasp. nov., Copelatus zanatanensissp. nov., Madaglymbus kelimasosp. nov., Madaglymbus menalambasp. nov., and Madaglymbus semifactussp. nov. Diagnosis, description, known distribution, ecology, and conservation notes are provided for each species. All species are illustrated with a dorsal habitus image, ventral and lateral views of the male penis, and parameres. Photographs of the unusual terrestrial habitats where the species were found are provided. Madaglymbus menalambasp. nov. is also documented with macrophotos and videorecordings of the terrestrial locomotion and behaviour in the field. Although these species should not be classified as terrestrial, or even semi-terrestrial Dytiscidae, they seem to be specialists of very ephemeral aquatic habitats and stay put instead of disperse when the habitat dries up. It is hypothesised that this lifestyle and behaviour on Madagascar is restricted to the high-precipitation humid forest regions mainly in the east. It may also represent a transition step, or stepping-stone, towards becoming fully terrestrial, a step that the few known terrestrial Dytiscid taxa once passed through. It is very likely that this type of habitat is overlooked for aquatic beetles, not only in Madagascar, and the six species herein described may be just the “tip of the iceberg”.

Genus Sinevia Kerzhner (Hemiptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae) new to Korea

The genus Sinevia Kerzhner, 1988, is reported from the Korean Peninsula for the first time, with a representative species, Sineviatricolor Kerzhner, 1988. Diagnostic characters for the genus are provided with the habitus images and female genitalic structures of S. tricolor.

Two new species of the genus Phytocoris (Hemiptera: Miridae), with a revisedidentification key to species of the subgenus Compsocerocoris found in Iran.

Two new species, Phytocoris (Compsocerocoris) amardus sp. nov. and Phytocoris (Compsocerocoris) hyrcaniaensis sp. nov. are described from Guilan province, Iran. Description, diagnoses, male color habitus image and illustrations of male genitalia are presented for each taxon to aid in unequivocal identification. A revised taxonomic key to the species of subgenus Compsocerocoris Reuter known in Iran is also provided. The type specimens were deposited in the insect collection of the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

A revolutionary protocol to describe understudied hyperdiverse taxa and overcome the taxonomic impediment

Here we elucidate and justify a DNA barcode approach to insect species description that can be applied to name tens of thousands of species of Ichneumonoidea and many other species-rich taxa. Each description consists of a lateral habitus image of the specimen, a COI barcode diagnosis, and the holotype specimen information required by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. We believe this approach, or a slight modification of it, will be useful for many other underdescribed hyperdiverse taxa, especially in the tropics. Due to the extreme species-richness of the Ichneumonoidea, the very low percentage of described species, and the lack of detailed biological information for most described species, the standard taxonomic approach is inefficient and overwhelmingly time consuming. A DNA barcode-based approach to initial description will provide a solid foundation of species hypotheses from which more comprehensive descriptions can be developed as other data, time, and budgets permit. Here we elucidate this view and detailed methodology that can generally be applied to species-rich underdescribed taxa. A real example is given by describing species in two genera,HemichomaandZelomorpha, reared from the Área de Conservación Guanacaste in northwestern Costa Rica. The generic type speciesZelomorphaarizonensisis given a DNA barcode diagnosis and the following new species are described:Zelomorphaangelsolisi,Zelomorphabobandersoni,Zelomorphadanjohnsoni,Zelomorphadonwindsori,Zelomorphaeffugia,Zelomorphajohnchemsaki,Zelomorphakellyanneae,Zelomorphalarrykirkendalli,Zelomorphamariyavladmirovnae,Zelomorphamikeiviei,Zelomorphamyricagaleae,Zelomorphanoahjaneae,Zelomorphapaulgoldsteini,Zelomorphaterryerwini,Zelomorphawillsflowersi,Hemichomadonwhiteheadi,Hemichomafrankhovorei, andHemichomajohnkingsolveri.

Aericerus meghalayensis gen. et sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in North-East India

Puparia and third instars of a new whitefly, Aericerus meghalayensisgen. et sp. nov. infesting Terminalia calamansanai (Blanco) (Combretaceae) leaves are described from Barapani, located in the state of Meghalaya in North-East India. The florate-shaped wax secreting geminate pores and submarginal sieve plates are reported for the first time from whitefly puparia. Puparia of the new genus differ from closely related genera, Aleuroclava Singh and Trialeurolonga Martin in having submargin demarcated from the dorsal disc, longitudinal and transverse moulting sutures reaching submarginal ridge, prominent tracheal folds, and a groove demarcating narrow submargin ventrally; it also differs from the former genus in having wax secreting glandular pores with accompanying sieve plates on the submargin, and from the latter genus in puparial size, smooth margin and in lacking submarginal papillae. The new taxa are described with camera lucida drawings, images of habitus, holotype puparium and third instar, and scanning electron microscope photomicrographs.

A New Species of Falconia Distant (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae) from Mexico and the United States and the First Dominican Republic and U.S. Records of F. maculipennis Maldonado

Two species of the plant bug genus Falconia Distant recently discovered in the United States are reported. Falconia maculipennis Maldonado, a species described from Puerto Rico, is documented for the first time from the Dominican Republic (Monsenor Noel and Pedernales provinces) and the United States (Florida). Falconia collaris, new species, is described, based on specimens from Florida (Miami-Dade Co.), Texas (Cameron Co.), and Mexico (Nuevo Leon and Veracruz). A diagnosis, description, and dorsal habitus and male genitalic images are given for each species, both of which are associated with wild lime, Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. [Rutaceae]. Host plants and potential economic importance are discussed.

Taxonomic studies on Leucospis Fabricius collection (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae) at Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACTTaxonomic studies on leucospid specimens (Chalcidoidea: Leucospidae) in the department of Entomology, Annamalai University is furnished which includes five out of seven spec-ies of the genus Leucospis Fabricius known from India, viz., L. guzeratensis Westwood, L. histrio Maindron, L. pediculata Guérin-Méneville, L. petiolata Fabricius and L. pyriformis (Weld). Leucospis pediculata is reported from Kerala and L. petiolata from Maharashtra and Meghalaya. Information on the parasitoid distribution, brief diagnosis of each species with high-resolution images of habitus and other essential parts for easy identification are provided. An identification key to Indian species of Leucospis is also included.http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7B774E86-F8BA-42B7-86E2-0033146D5FC0

Redescription of Arcifronsarcifrontalis Ding & Yang, 1986 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae).

The male of Arcifronsarcifrontalis Ding & Yang, 1986 (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Delphacidae, Tropidocephalini) is redescribed. The female genitalia of the species here, is described and illustrated for the first time. The geographic distribution of the species and images of adult habitus are provided.

First DNA analysis of pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) reveals multiple paraphyly of Afrotropical Philharmostes

This paper is the first attempt to resolve relationships among the Ceratocanthinae: Ceratocanthini pill scarab beetles using DNA sequences. It is focused on the Philharmostes group of seven Afrotropical genera: Baloghianestes (3 spp.), Callophilharmostes (1 sp.), Carinophilharmostes (1 sp.), Chaetophilharmostes (1 sp.), Cryptophilharmostes (3 spp.), Petrovitzostes (1 sp.) and Philharmostes (31 spp.). A phylogenetic analysis of 46 terminals and alignment of 2,913 bp from one mitochondrial and two nuclear fragments corroborates monophyly of this group, but rejects that of Philharmostes, the largest genus. The latter is paraphyletic with respect to at least four other smaller genera and consists of at least three distantly related clades. One of them, formed by Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n. from the Tanzanian Nguru (the type locality) and Kaguru Mountains, is sister to the rest of the entire Philharmostes group. The nominal genus Philharmostes is, therefore, a waste-basket taxon for accommodating members of this group that lack the distinct characters of the smaller genera. Pending further research, the phylogenetically inadequate generic taxonomy of the Philharmostes group is not modified. Molecular clock analysis estimates separation of the mitochondrial lineages of two known populations of the new species at about 2.2 Ma, which corresponds with recurring shrinkage and expansion of African rainforest caused by climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene. Adults of all nominal ingroup genera are illustrated along with male and female body parts of the new species. Diagnostic and/or synapomorphic morphological characters of the Philharmostes group of genera are revised. Habitus images and other supplementary information on all sequenced specimens are available online at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS001 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS004.

Characterization of Pleurotinae, with review of Pleurota species close to P. aristella (Linnaeus) from Morocco (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Oecophoridae).

Morphological traits characterizing and delimiting Pleurotinae (Oecophoridae) are provided and discussed. The evidence supports the validity of the subfamily as suggested by recent molecular studies. The Pleurota aristella (Linnaeus, 1767) species group is characterized, and six new species belonging to the group from Morocco are described: Pleurota tricolor Tabell, sp. nov., P. pellicolor Tabell, sp. nov., P. lacteella Tabell, sp. nov., P. moroccoensis Tabell, sp. nov., P. ochreopalpella Tabell, sp. nov., and P. atlasensis Tabell, sp. nov. Habitus images and label data are provided for the types of P. goundafella Zerny, 1935; P. insignella Zerny, 1935; P. ochreostrigella Baker, 1885; P. macrosella Rebel, 1900; P. staintoniella Baker, 1888; P. mauretanica Baker, 1888; and P. algeriella Baker, 1885. DNA barcodes of the new species are compared with all available Pleurotinae sequences (BIN n = 117) in BOLD.

Two new species of the genus Cryptostemma from Japan (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoridae)

Cryptostemma miyamotoi sp. nov. and,sp. nov. from Japan are described. Habitus images and illustrations of diagnostic features, including genitalic structures, are provided. A key to the Eastern Palaearctic species is offered to facilitate identification. Habitats and behavior of the two new species are discussed based on the field and laboratory observations. The gender agreement of,(Miyamoto, 1964) is corrected.

Synopsis of Schizopteridae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Dipsocoromorpha) from the United States, with description of seven new species from the US and Mexico.

Because species diversity of the small true bug family Schizopteridae is greatest in tropical and subtropical areas, it is not surprising that only four species have been described from the United States. As part of a larger project on the taxonomy and phylogenetics of Schizopteridae, 178 specimens from the United States were examined. This material contained representatives of the previously described species Glyptocombussaltator Heidemann, 1906, Corixideamajor McAtee & Malloch, 1925, Nannocorisarenarius Blatchley, 1926, and Schizopterabispina McAtee & Malloch, 1925, but also six undescribed species. These new taxa are described as Glyptocombushalbertaesp. n., Glyptocombussuterisp. n., Nannocorisanophorussp. n., Nannocorisbrevipilussp. n., Schizoptera (Cantharocoris) rileyisp. n., and Schizoptera (Schizoptera) henryisp. n. Habitus images and genitalic illustrations of the previously described and the new species are provided as well as a map showing distribution ranges of these species in the United States and Mexico. To provide a comprehensive treatment of the small genus Glyptocombus Heidemann, 1906, Glyptocombusmexicanussp. n. is also described that, to our knowledge, occurs only in Mexico, and the female of one additional undescribed Glyptocombus species is documented from Mexico.