Habitus Images Research Articles

Revision of the water scavenger beetle genus Notionotus Spangler, 1972 in the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Enochrinae).

The Neotropical species of the water scavenger beetle genus Notionotus Spangler, 1972 are revised using an integrative taxonomic approach combining morphology with DNA sequence data from two genes. Support exists for four putative species groups into which 18 species are placed, including twelve that are described here as new: N.bicolor sp. nov. (Suriname), N.bifidus sp. nov. (Venezuela), N.brunbadius sp. nov. (Brazil), N.garciae sp. nov. (Brazil), N.giraldoi sp. nov. (Brazil), N.insignitus sp. nov. (Venezuela), N.juma sp. nov. (Brazil), N.parvus sp. nov. (Suriname), N.patamona sp. nov. (Guyana), N.peruensis sp. nov. (Peru), N.retusus sp. nov. (Guyana), and N.vatius sp. nov. (Brazil). Four new synonymies are created: N.shorti Queney syn. nov. is found to be conspecific with N.dilucidus Queney; N.edibethae García syn. nov., N.nucleus Perkins syn. nov., and N.perijanus García syn. nov. are found to be conspecific with N.tricarinatus Perkins. New records are provided for all previously described species except N.mexicanus Perkins. Within the Neotropical region, the range of the genus is greatly expanded and now known from as far south as Bolivia and the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso do Sul. While a few species are found in hygropetric habitats, most are associated with the margins of forested streams. Genitalia and habitus images are provided for nearly all species, as well as a key to the four species groups.

First record of the bow-legged bug, Hyalymenus subinermis Van Duzee, 1923 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Alydidae), in California, with description of the mimetic immature stages

The bow-legged bug genus Hyalymenus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreoidea: Alydidae) includes 20 New World species. Of these, nymphs of only one species, H. tarsatus (Fabricius, 1803), have been described, and the description was restricted to the fifth instar. Nine specimens of H. subinermis Van Duzee, 1923, representing the first through the fifth instars, were collected on two Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) shrubs from a residential neighborhood (approximately 177,828 m2 surveyed) in Long Beach, California, U.S.A. in June 2021. Several other locations within the city were surveyed (i.e., parks, residential areas, and riparian habitats; approximately 109,177 m2 surveyed, collectively), but this species was not observed on other S. terebinthifolia plants or other plant species in these areas. Here, we give the first California record for H. subinermis, describe the five nymphal instars, provide habitus images of each instar, and discuss the distribution of the species in California, known host plants, and putative ant models that nymphs may mimic.

Revision of the New World Plant Bug Genus Cyrtocapsus (Heteroptera: Miridae: Bryocorinae: Eccritotarsini), with New and Revised Synonymies, Lectotype Designations, and Descriptions of 12 New Species.

The New World eccritotarsine genus Cyrtocapsus Reuter (Miridae: Bryocorinae) is revised. Cyrtocapsus andinus Carvalho, 1954, n. syn. is synonymized as a junior synonym of Capsus caligineus Stl, 1859; Pirithous pallipes Distant, 1884, is resurrected from synonymy as the next available name for C. caligineus of authors; Miccus elutipes Bergroth, 1910, is resurrected from synonymy as the next available name for C. femoralis of authors and is considered the senior synonym of C. nanus Carvalho, 1954, n. syn.; C. xinguanus Carvalho, 1985, n. syn. is synonymized as a junior synonym of C. intermedius Reuter, 1909; the identities of C. caligineus and C. femoralis Reuter are clarified; lectotypes are designated for five species (Capsus caligineus, Cyrtocapsus femoralis, Cyrtocapsus intermedius, Cyrtocapsus rostratus Reuter, 1908, and Miccus elutipes); and 12 new species are described: C. apicalis, n. sp.; C. atrametatibialis, n. sp.; C. costatus, n. sp.; C. discalis, n. sp.; C. fiuzai, n. sp.; C. glabratus, n. sp.; C. lazelli, n. sp.; C. mesoamericanus, n. sp.; C. metafemoratus, n. sp.; C. schaffneri, n. sp., C. spatulatus, n. sp., and C. suturalis, n. sp. A color dorsal illustration of the adult male and SEM micrographs of C. lazelli, color habitus images of all species, and male genitalia for 19 species are provided, and a revised identification key to the 25 known species of the genus is given to facilitate identification.

Review of Australian Cylapinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) with key to genera and descriptions of new species

Abstract We summarize the knowledge on Australian Cylapinae and review all recorded genera. Two species, Lygaeoscytus carnarvon sp. nov. and Phyllofulvius tarkine sp. nov., are described as new to science. Schizopteromiris Schuh, S. lordhowensis Schuh, S. montheithi Schuh, S. queenslandensis Schuh, Howefulvius Schmitz & Stys, H. elytratus Schmitz & Stys, Lygaeoscytus Reuter, Lygaeoscytus cimicoides Reuter, Phyllofulvius Carvalho and Phyllofulvius australianus Carvalho are redescribed. Rhinomiriella Gorczyca is synonymised with Ceratofulvius Reuter. Cylapofulvius listeri Izzard is transferred to Micanitropis Namyatova & Cassis. Peritropisca Carvalho & Lorenzato is recorded from Australia for the first time. The identification key to Australian genera, images of some holotypes, diagnoses, digital habitus images, scanning electron micrographs, illustration of genitalia and distribution maps are provided for new species and some other taxa. Considering the results of this work, 23 genera and 48 species of Cylapinae are currently recorded from Australia. The distribution and collection techniques are discussed.

A New Species of the Stalk-Eyed Bug Genus Epipolops from Colombia, with Clarification on the Identity and a Redescription of Epipolops quadrispinus Stål (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Geocoridae)

The long-misidentified stalk-eyed bug Epipolops quadrispinus Stål is redescribed and its identity is clarified, and Epipolops tuberculatus new species is described from Colombia based on specimens previously misidentified as E. quadrispinus. Dorsal and lateral habitus images of the adults and male genital capsules are provided to facilitate identification.

A new species of Epicaerus Pascoe, 1881 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Geonemini) associated with potato cultivars in Tierras Altas de Chiriqu, Panama.

Epicaerus panamensis Girn de Medeiros, a new species of broad-nosed weevil in the tribe Geonemini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) is described. Specimens have been collected on or around potato cultivars in Tierras Altas de Chiriqu, Panama. Field and habitus images, images of the male and female genitalia, an image of the feeding damage caused by the weevils on potato leaves, and a locality map are provided. The species is compared to the closely related Epicaerus inaequalis (Sharp, 1891), including a brief discussion regarding their morphological affinities and current taxonomic placement.

Rediscovery of Platerus pilcheri Distant (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), a forgotten assassin bug from India, with comments on its range extension

Platerus pilcheri Distant, 1903, a harpactorine reduviid, is rediscovered from India after more than a century since its original description. A brief diagnosis of this species, a note on its range extension, a distributional map, and images of live habitus are provided along with the images of a syntype preserved in the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH). We also present a comparison with the other Indian congeneric species, Platerus bhavanii Livingstone & Ravichandran, 1991, and show that this latter species does not belong in the genus Platerus and is to be treated as species inquirenda. The issue of the subsequent documentation of Platerus bhavanii from Karnataka is also discussed.

Advanced pest detection strategy using hybrid optimization tuned deep convolutional neural network

PurposeAgriculture is the backbone of a country, contributing more than half of the sector of economy throughout the world. The need for precision agriculture is essential in evaluating the conditions of the crops with the aim of determining the proper selection of pesticides. The conventional method of pest detection fails to be stable and provides limited accuracy in the prediction. This paper aims to propose an automatic pest detection module for the accurate detection of pests using the hybrid optimization controlled deep learning model.Design/methodology/approachThe paper proposes an advanced pest detection strategy based on deep learning strategy through wireless sensor network (WSN) in the agricultural fields. Initially, the WSN consisting of number of nodes and a sink are clustered as number of clusters. Each cluster comprises a cluster head (CH) and a number of nodes, where the CH involves in the transfer of data to the sink node of the WSN and the CH is selected using the fractional ant bee colony optimization (FABC) algorithm. The routing process is executed using the protruder optimization algorithm that helps in the transfer of image data to the sink node through the optimal CH. The sink node acts as the data aggregator and the collection of image data thus obtained acts as the input database to be processed to find the type of pest in the agricultural field. The image data is pre-processed to remove the artifacts present in the image and the pre-processed image is then subjected to feature extraction process, through which the significant local directional pattern, local binary pattern, local optimal-oriented pattern (LOOP) and local ternary pattern (LTP) features are extracted. The extracted features are then fed to the deep-convolutional neural network (CNN) in such a way to detect the type of pests in the agricultural field. The weights of the deep-CNN are tuned optimally using the proposed MFGHO optimization algorithm that is developed with the combined characteristics of navigating search agents and the swarming search agents.FindingsThe analysis using insect identification from habitus image Database based on the performance metrics, such as accuracy, specificity and sensitivity, reveals the effectiveness of the proposed MFGHO-based deep-CNN in detecting the pests in crops. The analysis proves that the proposed classifier using the FABC+protruder optimization-based data aggregation strategy obtains an accuracy of 94.3482%, sensitivity of 93.3247% and the specificity of 94.5263%, which is high as compared to the existing methods.Originality/valueThe proposed MFGHO optimization-based deep-CNN is used for the detection of pest in the crop fields to ensure the better selection of proper cost-effective pesticides for the crop fields in such a way to increase the production. The proposed MFGHO algorithm is developed with the integrated characteristic features of navigating search agents and the swarming search agents in such a way to facilitate the optimal tuning of the hyperparameters in the deep-CNN classifier for the detection of pests in the crop fields.

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) of Colombia: An annotated checklist of species.

A checklist of 5 subfamilies, 108 genera, and 246 species of stinks bugs (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) from Colombia is provided. Three genera [Andrallus Bergroth, Placocoris Mayr, and Pseudobebaeus Distant], and eight species [Arocera spectabilis (Drury), Andrallus spinidens (Fabricius), Banasa excavata Thomas, Banasa saileri Thomas, Banasa varians Stl, Chinavia scutellata (Distant), Pelidnocoris haglundi Ruckes, and Pseudobebaeus truncatus (Fallou)] are recorded for the first time from Colombia. Images of dorsal external habitus for all genera that occur in Colombia are offered. This is the first time a comprehensive list of the stink bugs from Colombia is presented, providing a baseline to develop further studies in this group of true bugs.

Review and new species of Donaciolagria Pic, 1914 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae), with a key, and an annotated checklist

Abstract Donaciolagria Pic, 1914 is a small genus of colourful Lagriinae Latreille, 1825 (Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802) restricted to the southern Himalayas and montane systems of China, northern Indochina, as well as present in Taiwan. In the present paper the following five new species are described and illustrated, in addition to the 13 previously known valid taxa: Donaciolagria cupreoaurata sp. n. (China: Yunnan), D. evanescens sp. n. (China: Yunnan), D. mimica sp. n. (China: Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan), D. regia sp. n. (India: Arunachal Pradesh), and D. weigeli sp. n. (China: Yunnan). One new synonymy is proposed: Donaciolagria longipennis Pic, 1914 = D. longipennis var. jeanvoinei Pic, 1927 syn. n. A lectotype is designated for Donaciolagria longipennis var. jeanvoinei Pic, 1927. Donaciolagria basipes Pic, 1927 and D. pici Borchmann, 1936 are redescribed. A key to and a checklist of Donaciolagria species are presented, supplemented with new records and habitus images of several known species.

Taxonomy of the Neotropical species of Calythea (Anthomyiidae: Diptera), with description of two new species from South America

Calythea Schnabl & Dziedzicki has 15 known species distributed worldwide, including three species in the neotropics. The species of Calythea can be easily identified by having bright silvery grey-dusting on the thorax and abdomen, forming a contrasting pattern with the dark body. Herein, we describe two new species from the Neotropical region and present new records of the genus for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. We also redescribe Calythea comis (Stein). In addition, we present an identification key for the Neotropical species and drawings of the terminalia and habitus images of the new species, C. comis, C. crenata (Bigot) and C. micropteryx (Thomson).

Phylogeny of the Rhinocylapus complex (Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae, Fulviini)

Cylapinae Kirkaldy, 1903 is a highly diverse lineage of the plant bug family Miridae Hahn, 1831, confined mainly to the tropics. Despite an increasing amount of recent studies on that group, many species remain undescribed and biological data are lacking for most of the taxa. To date, a molecular-based phylogeny has been published only for Rhinomirini Gorczyca, 2000, one out of five Cylapinae tribes. The tribe was rendered as non-monophyletic and the Rhinocylapus Poppius, 1909 complex was transferred to the Fulviini Uhler, 1886. However, phylogenetic relationships within the complex have remained unresolved. In the present study, morphological and molecular data are employed to generate a significantly improved phylogeny of the group compared with previous work. Topologies were constructed using methods of parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference, and were based on an expanded morphological matrix with 65 encoded characters for 38 species and molecular data for 23 species on four markers (COI, 16S rRNA, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA). As a result, a more resolved phylogeny of the Rhinocylapus complex is presented. A generic synopsis for the representatives of the complex and key to the genera are provided. Taxonomically and phylogenetically important morphological characters for the Rhinocylapus complex and its subgroupings are discussed. Dorsal habitus images, scanning micrographs of selected morphological structures, and illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided for Proamblia Bergroth, 1910, Punctifulvius Schmitz, 1978, Rhinocylapidius Poppius, 1915, Rhinocylapus Poppius, 1909, Rhinomiridius Poppius, 1909, and Yamatofulvius Yasunaga, 2000.

The Genus-Level Identification of Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) From Habitus Images with Convolutional Neural Network Classification

Identifying an organism requires taxonomic expertise, time, and often adult specimens of that organism. Accurate identification of organisms is of great importance for sustainable agriculture, forestry and fisheries, combating pests and human diseases, disaster management, sustainable trade of biological products and management of alien invasive species. Advances in machine learning techniques have paved the way for the identification of animals by image analysis. In this context, it is aimed to test the success of different convolutional neural network (CNN) models in classifying leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) dorsal habitus images at the genus level. In this study, a total of 888 habitus images belonging to 17 genera were obtained from a website on leaf beetles and five CNN models (ResNet-152, Alex-Net, DenseNet-201, VGG-16 and MobileNet-V2) were used to classify leaf beetle genera. Also, the classification performance of the models was compared. The most successful model was ResNet-152 with an accuracy rate of 97.74%. These results showed that Resnet-152 can be used to identify European leaf beetle genera. As a result of this study, it was concluded that as the number of images increases, the identification of leaf beetles at the genus level can be made more easily by using CNNs.

New whitefly genus and species (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) breeding on Orophea katschallica Kurz in India

A new whitefly genus, Rudisculptus gen. nov. is described for its type species Rudisculptus caudalis gen. et sp. nov. feeding on Orophea katschallica Kurz (Annonaceae) from the Andaman Islands, India. Rudisculptus gen. nov. is similar to the New World genus, Aleuropleurocelus Drews & Sampson, 1956 and an Old World genus, Tetralicia Harrison, 1917 in pupal morphology, but differs in having the first abdominal setae, thoracic tracheal pores, caudal furrow, differentiated cephalothorax in slide mounts, the lingula excluded beyond the vasiform orifice. The new genus also differs from an Old World genus, Regiominutus Dubey, 2021 in habitus, pattern of wax secretion, shape, size, cuticle colour, raised lateral margin, extension of segment sutures and the lingula reaching outside the margin of the vasiform orifice, and in having the thoracic tracheal folds. Orophea katschallica is recorded as a new host plant for the whiteflies. Images of puparial habitus and types, line drawings and scanning electron microscope (SEM) microphotographs are provided.

First record of the termite family Kalotermitidae (Blattodea: Termitoidae) in Korea

• The termite family Kalotermitidae Froggatt is reported for the first time in Korea. • Diagnosis and habitus images of Glyptotermes nakajimai Morimoto are presented. • A key to termite species in Korea is provided. The drywood termite Kalotermitidae Froggatt, represented by Glyptotermes nakajimai Morimoto, is identified for the first time in Korea. They were collected in Yeoseo-do Island, the southern part of the Korean peninsula. A key to the termite species in Korea, habitus photographs of all castes, ecological information, and illustrations of diagnostic characters are provided.

A new species in the genus Chadisra Walker (Notodontidae: Periergosinae) from the Great Nicobar Island, India.

A new species, Chadisra curvipenis N. Singh, Ahmad Raha, sp. nov. is described from the Great Nicobar Island, India, and its detailed description along with habitus images, male genitalia illustrations and diagnoses with similar congeners are provided. A complete checklist of the genus with distributional records and a distribution map are given.

New Florida and United States Heteropteran Records (Hemiptera: Aradidae, Coreidae, Miridae)

Eight Heteroptera are reported for the first time from Florida, including five that represent new United States records: Brachyrhynchus membranaceus (Fabricus) (Aradidae), Eubule spartocerana Brailovsky (Coreidae), and the Miridae: Pycnoderes vanduzeei Reuter, Rhinacloa cardini Barber and Bruner, and Termatophyloides pilosulus Carvalho. Miridae representing new Florida records are Rhinacloa callicrates Herring, Sthenaridea maldonadoi Schuh and Schwartz, and Tropidosteptes quercicola Johnston. Color habitus images, a review of the pertinent literature, distribution records, known host information, and a diagnosis are furnished for each to aid in identification.

New species and records of Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 from the southwestern margin of the Guiana Shield (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae).

The Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 is a diverse lineage with 34 described species. Here, three new species from the southwestern margin of the Guiana Shield are described using an integrative approach combining adult morphology and molecular data: Chasmogenus clinatus sp. n. (Brazil: Amazonas, Venezuela: Amazonas), C. gironae sp. n. (Venezuela: Amazonas), and C. inpa sp. n. (Brazil: Amazonas). Examination of the male genitalia is essential for confident identifications and thus unassociated females may prove extremely difficult to identify. New distributional records in Brazil for C. acuminatus Smith Short, 2020 are provided as well as habitus images of newly described species and an updated key to the species from Venezuela, Suriname, Guyana, French Guiana and northern Brazil.

Five new species of the leaf-beetle genus Monolepta Chevrolat (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China.

In this study, five new species of the leaf-beetle genus Monolepta Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) are described from China: M.albipunctatasp. nov., M.alticolasp. nov., M.bivittatasp. nov., M.mengsongensissp. nov., and M.rubripennissp. nov. A key and catalogue to the 68 Chinese species of Monolepta with the second and third antennomeres of equal length are given as well as photographs of the habitus and aedeagus of the new species and type habitus images of 37 known species.

The genus Tuponia Reuter, 1875 in Romania, with two new synonymies (Heteroptera: Miridae).

Based on recently collected material and on type specimens deposited in the collections of Muzeul de Istorie Natural Grigore Antipa, Bucharest, Romania, and of the Zoologische Museum, Universitt Hamburg, Germany, the following new synonymies are proposed: Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) prasina (Fieber, 1864) = Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) linnavuorii Wagner, 1961, syn. n.; Tuponia (Tuponia) montandoni Reuter, 1899 = Tuponia (Tuponia) macedonica Wagner, 1957, syn. n. Lectotype and paralectotype are designated for Tuponia (Tuponia) montandoni Reuter, 1899. Tuponia (Chlorotuponia) hippophaes (Fieber, 1861), Tuponia (Tuponia) arcufera Reuter, 1879 and Tuponia (Tuponia) elegans (Jakovlev, 1867) are recorded for the first time from Romania. Habitus images, drawings of male genitalia and identification key are provided for all Tuponia species recorded in Romania and the surrounding countries.