Gymnastics Group Research Articles

Up-regulation of proactive control is associated with beneficial effects of a childhood gymnastics program on response preparation and working memory

The current study focused on the effects of an 8-week motor skill-based physical activity (i.e., gymnastics) program on the contingent negative variation derived from event-related brain potentials (CNV-ERP) during a working memory task in children. Children aged 7–10 years old were assigned to a gymnastics group (n = 26) or a wait-list control group (n = 24). The gymnastics group engaged in a gymnastics program whereas children in the control group were asked to maintain their typical routine during the intervention period. Working memory performance was measured by a delayed-matching working memory task, accompanied by CNV-ERP collection. The results revealed significant improvement of response accuracy from pre-test to post-test in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Moreover, significant increase from pre-test to post-test in the initial CNV was observed in the gymnastic group regardless of memory demands. Bivariate correlations further indicated that, in the gymnastic group, increases in response accuracy from pre-test to post-test were correlated with increases in initial CNV from pre-test to post-test in task conditions with lower and higher memory loads. Overall, the current findings suggest that up-regulation of proactive control may characterize the beneficial effects of childhood motor skill-based physical activity on working memory.

The Effects of after-School Training of Different Sports Events on the Physical Fitness of Adolescents and Its Comparative Analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various sports interventions on adolescents’ physical fitness. One hundred twenty adolescents were recruited from a college (60 males and 60 females) and were randomly divided into four equal groups. The experimental groups (Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3) each received 1.5 hours of medium-intensity sport interventions three times a week. The only difference among them was that Group 1 did tennis, Group 2 did basketball, and Group 3 did gymnastics. Group 4, on the other hand, served as a control group, receiving no intervention. Subjects in each of the four groups were tested before and after the intervention using the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students (2014 Revision) items. The test results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The independent variable was the sport natures, whereas the dependent variable was the difference between pre and post-intervention measurements. It was found that 1) the experimental groups outperformed the control group on all test indicators; 2) The basketball group improved significantly more than the tennis and gymnastics groups in terms of spirometry performance; 3) The gymnastics group improved significantly more than the tennis and basketball groups in terms of sitting forward bend; 4) The tennis group improved significantly more than the basketball and gymnastics groups in one-minute sit-up performance. To conclude, this study found that after-school training could promote adolescents’ physical fitness. In detail, tennis training can significantly improve one-minute sit-up performance. Basketball training can significantly improve vital capacity. Gymnastic training can significantly enhance the sitting forward bend performance.

Peripheral Facial Paresis and COVID-19 Case Report

Among the neurological complications that occurred during Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, peripheral facial paresis is one of the conditions that can occur both during and after the Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection period. We present the case of a young man, aged 29 years, who presented the appearance of a peripheral facial paresis on the 14th day after the onset of symptoms, isolation and PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The patient was evaluated clinically, neurologically, underwent laboratory tests, EKG, chest Radiography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)/Magnetic resonance Angiography (MRA) and received corticotherapy, gastric antisecretory medication, antiviral medication, vitamin B group, neurotrophic medication and facial gymnastics, with good evolution and complete remission of clinical symptoms after 21 days. It is particularly important to carefully evaluate patients during the isolation period, symptomatic/asymptomatic for COVID-19 infection, as a possible complication could be peripheral facial paresis, which is why, we should evaluate, detect and treat early to reduce any persistent long-term neurological effects. Future studies are needed to identify and correlate peripheral facial paresis with SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as to detect the causes of neurological complications during or after COVID-19 infection.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPATIAL COMPONENT OF COMPETITIVE COMPOSITIONS OF AETHETIC GROUP GYMNASTICS

The purpose of the research is to approve the main elements of the spatial component of the competitive composition of aesthetic group gymnastics as a basis for creating plastic means of compositional training.

The role of perceived coaching behaviours on sport performance among female aesthetic group gymnasts

This study aimed to test the relations of perceived autonomy-supportive and controlling behaviours from coaches with athletes’ sport performance during competition in a context of female aesthetic group gymnastics. In line with self-determination theory, it was expected that the sequence of perceived psychological needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation, and psychological needs frustration and controlled motivation would mediate these relationships. Female aesthetic group gymnasts (n=128) ages 11–20 years completed self-report measures of perceived autonomysupportive and controlling behaviours from coaches, athletes’ needs satisfaction and needs frustration, including the need for novelty, as well as athletes’ autonomous and controlled motivation. Athletes’ objective performance during the competition was also obtained. Results from the single-indicator structural equation modelling analyses revealed a positive, indirect relationship between perceived autonomy-supportive behaviour from coaches and athletes’ performance mediated by the sequence of needs satisfaction and autonomous motivation. Significant indirect relationship between perceived controlling behaviour from coaches and athletes’ performance mediated by the sequence of needs frustration and controlled motivation was not followed. However, a negative direct relationship of controlled motivation, instigated by needs frustration, on athletes’ performance was evident. Findings suggest that perceived autonomy-supportive behaviour from coaches is an essential antecedent to athletes’ performance in a female aesthetic group gymnastics.

A Comparison Between Brain Vitalization Gymnastics and Elderly Gymnastics to Improving Cognitive Function Among Elderly

Objective: Two of the most frequently elderly's health-associated problems are balanced disorder and cognitive decline. One of the solutions to prevent cognitive decline in the elderly is via performing brain vitalization gymnastics. According to these facts and arguments, the authors were interested in studying the effects of brain vitalization gymnastics performed twice every week for four weeks upon cognitive function in the elderly. Methods: This was a randomized pretest-posttest control group design study involving 38 elderly subjects who were registered in the geriatric subgroup of West Denpasar primary health care clinic. The subjects were equally divided into two groups, i.e., those who performed brain vitalization gymnastics and elderly gymnastics. Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian Version(MoCA-Ina) score as tested with paired t-test among brain vitalization gymnastics and elderly gymnastics groups. Results: both groups before and after the exercise increased by 1.53 and 0.11 points, respectively. Furthermore, the brain vitalization gymnastics group had a statistically significant higher MoCA-Ina score as opposed to the elderly gymnastics group (p=0.047). Conclusion: This study had shown that brain vitalization gymnastics was more effective in increasing elderly's MoCA-Ina score as opposed to elderly gymnastics.

Parkour vs Artistic Gymnastics among Pre-Adolescents: A Multidimensional Study on the Psychological Adjustment in the Sport Activities

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate psychological differences between Parkour at non-competitive level and Artistic Gymnastics at competitive level in the pre-adolescent stage. Specifically, psychological aspects strictly related to sporting activities, such as motivation, anxiety and self-confidence, life satisfaction, and well-being were analyzed. 86 pre-adolescents participated in the study (Parkour Group—PG, n = 43; Artistic Gymnastic Group—AG, n = 43) aged between 9 and 14 years (mean age 11.5 ± 1.6 years, 62% of female), who completed a self-report questionnaire consisting of following measures: Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-28), Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI-2), Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (MSLSS), and Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB). Results showed that pre-adolescents in the AG have higher values in intrinsic motivation for execution than their peers in the PG. This latter also have lower levels of cognitive and somatic anxiety and greater self-confidence than the AG group. In addition, the friend’s dimension concerning life satisfaction has a higher score in the PG than in the AG. Finally, no differences were found regarding well-being between the two pre-adolescent groups.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF KNOWLEDGE, EXPOSURE TO SUNLIGHT, AND CALCIUM INTAKE WITH THE RISK OF OSTEOPOROSIS

Osteoporosis is a bone disease causing decreased bone density. It often occurs to elderly women. At the age of 50-80 years, 23% Indonesian women were at risk of osteoporosis, and this number would increase to 53% at the age of 70-80 years. This study aimed to identify the relationship of knowledge, calcium intake and exposure to sunlight habits with the risk of osteoporosis. This study used a cross-sectional design involed 26 members of the osteoporosis gymnastic group who had a low and high risk of osteoporosis. Data of food consumption were retrieved from 24-hour food recall. The chi-square analysis shows knowledge level had a relationship with risk of osteoporosis (p=0.047). Exposure to sunlight (p=0.437) and calcium intake (p = 0.187) had a relationship with the risk of osteoporosis. It can be concluded that the level of knowledge had a significant relationship with risk of osteoporosis. Knowledge variable is important to show the community mindset about the dangers and risks of osteoporosis. Therefore, education about osteoporosis is required. Keywords: osteoporosis, knowledge, calcium intake, exposure to sunlight habits.

Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Shoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study.

Background:The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density is an indicator of stress distribution over a joint surface under long-term physiologic loading. The biomechanical characteristics of the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint in gymnasts can be determined by measuring this distribution pattern.Purpose:To evaluate the distribution of subchondral bone density across the shoulder joint in male collegiate gymnasts and to determine the effects of gymnastic activities on its articular surfaces under long-term loading conditions using computed tomography osteoabsorptiometry (CTOAM).Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:CT image data were obtained from both shoulders of 12 asymptomatic male collegiate gymnasts (gymnast group; mean age, 19.4 years; range, 18-22 years) and 10 male collegiate volunteers (control group; mean age, 20.2 years; range, 18-22 years). The distribution pattern of subchondral bone density across the articular surfaces of each shoulder joint was assessed by CTOAM. Quantitative analysis was performed of the locations and percentages of high-density areas on the articular surface.Results:Stress distribution patterns over the articular surfaces differed between the gymnasts and the controls. In the gymnasts, high-density areas were detected on the posterosuperior articular surface of the humeral head and the anterosuperior and/or posterosuperior articular surface of the glenoid. Mean bone density was greater in the gymnasts than in the controls (P < .0001).Conclusion:Stress distribution over the articular surfaces of the shoulder joint was affected by gymnastic activities. Stress was concentrated over the superior part of the glenohumeral joint in male collegiate gymnasts.Clinical Relevance:The present findings suggest that gymnastic activities increase stress to the articular surfaces of the superior glenohumeral joint. This supports the notion that mechanical conditions play a crucial role in the origin of disorders particular to gymnastic activities.

Undokai and sports events in the Japanese school system.

Japanese schools hold annual sports events in which all pupils participate. These events include activities such as walking, running, and swimming competitions. We analyzed literature on school sports events in Japan. In addition to the physical education classes, which are part of the curriculum, Japanese schools hold annual sports events in which all pupils participate. These school events include activities such as walking, running, swimming, and ball game competitions, skiing, and climbing. School sports events offer participants an opportunity for holistic education as well as cultivating a variety of virtues such as cooperation, a sense of solidarity, teamwork, and responsibility. A popular sports event held countrywide is undokai. Undokai has a style that is unique to Japan. They usually take one day and include individual and group competitions. The pupils participate in a variety of activities including a foot race, relay race, group gymnastics, and group activities. The undokai is an important event in both the school and its surrounding community. The potential benefit of undokai is often considered in terms of social capital. However, the competitive nature of undokai may generate negative feelings in the children who participate. Further research on the potential of sports events such as undokai is necessary.

THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT GYMNASTICS TRAININGS ON BODY COMPOSITION AND SOME PERFORMANCE COMPONENTS IN ADULT MALE NON-GYMNASTS

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of artistic and trampoline gymnastics training on body composition and some of the physical fitness components in adult non-gymnasts. Forty-eight adult non-gymnasts were randomly assigned to three groups: a trampoline gymnastics group (TG) (n = 16), an artistic gymnastics group (AG) (n = 16), and a control group (CG) (n = 16). Two of the group except the CG performed different gymnastics training, including artistic and trampoline gymnastics twice a week during 12 weeks. The control group performed only a warm-up exercise twice a week along the study. To determine the effects of each gymnastics training on body composition, Y dynamic balance test that including six postural tasks, vertical jump, standing long jump and two different flexibility tests, were performed before and after the study for all groups. The AG and TG were significantly (p&lt;0,05) improved when it comes to all bio-motor abilities in adult non-gymnasts after 12 weeks of training. But the trampoline gymnastics exercises may be seen to be more efficient compared to the artistic gymnastics exercises. The trampoline exercises may be recommended as an alternative mode of exercise for improving bio-motor abilities.

TRAINING LOAD, RECOVERY AND INJURIES IN ELITE RHYTHMIC GYMNASTS DURING MAIN COMPETITIVE PERIODS: A CASE STUDY

Competitive periods are critical periods where elite rhythmic gymnasts experience higher training loads and insufficient recovery. The aim of this short report is to describe individual training load, recovery and injuries in elite group rhythmic gymnasts during competitive periods. Six gymnasts from the Brazilian senior rhythmic gymnastics group were monitored daily over a 126-day period comprising regular training and four competitions. Training load was measured using the session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE). Daily load, chronic load, and acute:chronic workload ratio (ACWR) were assessed. The Total Quality Recovery (TQR) scale was used to monitor recovery and a 3-day rolling average (3RA) TQR was also measured. Injuries were diagnosed and reported by the medical staff and their reports were used in the analysis. Descriptive statistics were used. The gymnasts presented distinct daily load, ACWR, and recovery patterns, as well as injuries across the competitive periods. All athletes had rapid increase (“spike”) in load. Three athletes were underrecovered more than 60% of the time. Four athletes sustained five injuries during the time of the study (all lower limb overuse injuries, two severe, two mild and one slight). Individual factors such as age and chronic load could moderate how each gymnast responds to training and tolerates spikes in load. Moreover, injuries sustained during competitive periods appear to affect the short and long-term careers of gymnasts, as well as impair training and competition organization of the team.

Collagen peptides combined with type II in joint pain of the elderly

It is known that collagen is a protein of great importance for bones, tendons, cartilage, muscles, skin, hair and nails. There are several types of collagen, and type II is the main component of the joint cartilage matrix and can help prolong the independent lifestyle of an elderly person, improving their quality of life. The research aimed to evaluate the effect of a collagen mix composed of peptides, type II collagen and nutrients involved in the joint bone metabolism of active elderly. Volunteers with a minimum age of 60 years and physically active participated in the research. This is a non-randomized clinical trial conducted with the gymnastics group of the elderly of an Activity Center in Florianópolis – SC. Oral supplementation with the collagen mix composed of bioactive peptides of hydrolyzed collagen, intact type II collagen, silicon and nutrients involved in joint bone metabolism (Duo flex®) was administered for 90 days, and the next 30-day cycle of the supplement was always delivered before the end of the current cycle, so that the participants did not interrupt the treatment. These were also followed weekly via telephone contact to avoid withdrawal or interruption of treatment. Questionnaires were applied to evaluate symptoms related to sarcopenia, joint functionalities, characteristic skin, nails and hair health, and anthropometric measurements. The sample consisted of 50 elderly, most of them female (72%). Product consumption reduced pain, decreased stiffness and improved joint mobility according to the WOMAC questionnaire result. Duo flex® has significantly improved joint health and therefore can be an effective solution to delay joint manifestations. The results suggest that collagen mix can be used as a therapeutic approach for physically active elderly.

Gymnastic Training of Hippotherapy Horses Benefits Gait Quality When Ridden by Riders with Different Body Weights

The objective was to evaluate the effects of gymnastic training on stride characteristics of walk and trot in therapy horses carrying riders of different weights. Eighteen horses used for therapeutic riding 5 days/week were randomly divided into 2 groups. Nine horses performed gymnastic (GYM) exercises after therapeutic riding on 4 days/week for 3 months, 9 horses did no additional exercises (SED). On days 0 and 90, an inertial sensor mounted to the girth on the ventral midline was used to evaluate stride characteristics when horses were ridden at walk (1.3 m/second) and trot (3.0 m/second) by able-bodied riders representing rider: horse body weight ratios (BWRs) 15%, 20%, and 25%. On day 0, the measured variables did not differ significantly between sedentary (SED) and GYM groups, but on day 90, the following statistically significant results were found: GYM-trained horses had higher regularity for all BWRs at walk and 15% and 20% BWRs at trot. Higher stride symmetry was found in GYM-trained horses carrying 25% BWRs at walk and all rider weights at trot. Dorsoventral displacement was higher in GYM-trained horses when carrying 20% and 25% BWRs at walk and 25% BWRs at trot. Dorsoventral power was lower in SED-trained versus GYM-trained horses carrying 15% BWR at walk and 20% BWR at trot. A more regular and symmetrical stride with a larger range of dorsoventral trunk motion is likely to provide a better therapeutic riding experience.

Impact of the introduction of a verbal socially assistive robot on the relationship between older people and their caregivers in a nursing home

This study was aimed at investigating the changes in relationship between older people and caregivers caused by the introduction of a verbal socially assistive robot (SAR) in a nursing home. Twenty-one older people residing on one floor of the nursing home and eight caregivers working at the nursing home participated in the study. A time study was conducted, and behaviours were observed before the introduction of the verbal SAR, on day 1 of the introduction, and on day 14 after the introduction. Pepper (Softbank Co. Ltd.) was used in this study. The conversation time between residents and caregivers increased after the introduction of the verbal SAR. At the time of introduction of the verbal SAR, caregivers were providing personalized care to residents during group gymnastics activities (e.g., talking to them and providing movement instructions). The results of the study indicate that the introduction of the verbal SAR improved the relationship between the residents and caregivers and contributed in improving the delivered quality of care.

Might Salivary Lysozyme Be An Indicator Of Prolonged Intense Training Load In Athletes? A Preliminary Study In Adolescent Male Gymnasts

Lysozyme is one of the salivary antimicrobial proteins (AMP) which act as a defence at the mucosal surface. While in adult athletes, a decrease in salivary lysozyme (SLys) levels has been reported after prolonged intense training, to our knowledge, no studies have been conducted to study the relationship between SLys levels and long-term physical activity in children or teenagers.The aim of this preliminary study was mainly to evaluate in a group of adolescent male gymnasts undergoing prolonged intense training load whether - in accordance with studies in adult athletes - there will also be a decrease in SLys and if so, whether this phenomenon will be so common that we detect it in a small group of study participants.Twelve adolescent male gymnasts aged from 15.0 ± 1.6 years of national or international performance level were recruited to participate in this study. All participants of the study had their sample of saliva taken: I. Period) after the transitional period (rest), i.e. just before the beginning of the preparatory training period. II. Period) immediately after the end of the preparatory training period that was focused on maximal strength and power development. Preparatory training period lasting 6 weeks consisted of nine 2.5 hour training units (on average) over 6 days in every week. At the same time, three times per week two-a-day training sessions were incorporated. Intensity of the physical exercise was not determined.We found a significant decrease in SLys levels after the preparatory training period (termed as II. period) compared to its level just before the start of the training (i.e. after the rest, termed as I. period).The results of this preliminary study suggest that SLys measurements may be an indicator of prolonged training load in adolescent athletes. Although the intensity of the training load has not been determined, the national and international performance level of the gymnasts enrolled in the study allows at least a rough estimate of its level. However, with respect to some limitations of our study, larger studies on male and female adolescent athletes, applying relevant training load with monitoring of variables such as specific sports performance, physical fitness, nutrition, sleep quality, social and psychological factors, are desirable.

Effectiveness of Gita Gymnastics on Blood Sugar Level Among Elderly With Diabetes Mellitus in Kediri

The Elderly has a high risk of degenerative diseases. Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease that occurred in the elderly. Excercise regularly can reduce blood sugar levels in the elderly. GITA gymnastic is a mild exercise that can be applied and not burdensome if done routinely by elderly. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of GITA gymnastic on blood sugar levels in the elderly with diabetes mellitus. This research is an experimental design of the field with pre-post group design. Respondents are elderly with diabetes mellitus in Clinic Bandar Lor Kediri. Respondent 20 people, divided into two groups, gymnastic group 10 people and control group 10 people. In gymnastic group is given training of GITA gymnastic for 8 weeks, 3 times a week, with a duration of 30 minutes each session. The control group did not have treatment. The result of this study indicates the post-test of fasting blood sugar levels in the gymnastic group is significantly lower than the pre-test of fasting blood sugar levels (p= 0.003). In the independent T test, there was a significant difference in the mean deviation of fasting blood sugar levels in the gymnastic group and control group (p=0,001). GITA gymnastic for eight weeks is effective in reducing blood sugar levels among the elderly with diabetes mellitus.

Training Load and Recovery During a Pre-Olympic Season in Professional Rhythmic Gymnasts.

Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. Cohort study. Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute : chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. The season mean wITL was 10 381 ± 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 ± 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 ± 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 ± 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 ± 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR < 13) during 50.9% of the season (n = 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute : chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n = 55 times). The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state.

앉아서 하는 실버체조가 80대후기 고령여성의 신체기능과 우울 및 인지기능에 미치는 영향

The purpose of present study was to determine the effects of sitted silver gymnastics program on physical functions, depression and cognitive functions in older elderly women. Subjects were recruited who aged over 80 years or older. The silver gymnastics program was conducted 60 minutes a day, 3 times per week during 30 weeks. As a results, there were significantly diffrences on one leg standing with closed eyes(left, right), Chair sit-up and timed up and go in silver gymnastics group. In addition, there were significantly diffrences on KDSQ-C in silver gymnastics group. Therefore, the silver gymnastics program would give positive effects on physical function, depression and cognitive function in older elderly women.

Senam Irama Lagu Gizi Seimbang Meningkatkan Kebugaran Pada Anak Sekolah

Physical activity on students in Jakarta is the lowest if it is compared to various regions in Indonesia. The low physical activity has an impact on the declining of health and fitness so that it affects toward the risk of various non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of gymnastics rhythm of Gizi Seimbang’s song to the level of fitness on students in State Elementary School Kebon Jeruk 08 Pagi West Jakarta. The type of research uses design experimental quasi research with design of Pre test - post test group control design. This design involves two groups of subjects, one is given an experimental group and one group is not enforced (control group). The population of this study are children aged 10-12 years old with 60 respondents (30 students of gymnastic group and 30 control group students) with gymnastics 3x/week for 12 times. Data analysis use t-dependent test, wilcoxon test because the data is not normally distributed. The result of the research shows that there is the influence of rhythmic gymnastics of Gizi Seimbang’s song to the significant fitness level (p value = 0.0001). Based on the results of this study, gymnastics rhythm of Gizi Seimbang’s song increases the level of fitness compared with control group on students in State Elementary School Kebon Jeruk 08 Pagi West Jakarta.