Gwangju City Research Articles

Localizing Human Rights: Modeling Human Rights Cities

In recent years, increasing numbers of cities have begun addressing global threats to human rights. By cultivating a local version of citizenship (city-zenship), cities foster a collective ethos shaped around universal principles of freedom, equality, and dignity, declaring themselves human rights cities. However, despite its varied manifestations, this label remains broad, accommodating a range of interpretations. This study distinguishes between two primary models, which I conceptualize as thin and thick human rights cities, and two nested sub-models. The models encompass the efforts of city-zens and local political actors to assimilate the human rights ethos within the city through both declarative and practical approaches. Subsequently, the typology is applied to characterize the South Korean city of Gwangju, renowned as a pioneering human rights city. Drawing on documents and interviews conducted in the city, I illustrate how the specific mechanisms via which a city engages with human rights can be classified into a model, facilitating comparison with other cities.

A Study on Village Community Space as a Third Place for Single-Person Households - Focusing on Dong-gu, Gwang-ju City -

A Study on Village Community Space as a Third Place for Single-Person Households - Focusing on Dong-gu, Gwang-ju City -

‘라이즈’ 도입과 광주광역시 고등교육의 현황, 문제, 대안

If higher education jurisdiction is partially delegated/transferred to local governments according to the Regional Innovation System and Education (RISE), which is scheduled to be introduced in 2025, Korea's higher education system will experience structural changes. The core content of structural change is the dualization of guidance/supervision authority for higher education institutions. The central government and local governments jointly govern higher education. The purpose of this paper is to discuss win-win cooperation measures between Gwangju City and universities in response to the ‘RISE’. To achieve the purpose of this paper, three topics were intensively discussed based on literature analysis. First, in order to understand the relationship between local governments and universities, the relationship between the two was identified and the meaning of win-win cooperation was critically discussed. Second, in order to understand the current status of higher education in Gwangju city, the reality of higher education in Gwangju was analyzed at the national/regional level, focusing on key indicators. Third, in the problems and alternatives of Gwangju higher education, key problems were pointed out and alternatives were presented based on the four factors that make up the higher education system (purpose structure, governance structure, financial structure, and performance management). In the conclusion, it was emphasized that public value should be emphasized in the direction of innovation in the higher education system at the national/regional level and a special change in perception in local governments' understanding of universities was emphasized.

‘라이즈’ 도입과 광주광역시 고등교육의 현황, 문제, 대안

If higher education jurisdiction is partially delegated/transferred to local governments according to the Regional Innovation System and Education (RISE), which is scheduled to be introduced in 2025, Korea's higher education system will experience structural changes. The core content of structural change is the dualization of guidance/supervision authority for higher education institutions. The central government and local governments jointly govern higher education. The purpose of this paper is to discuss win-win cooperation measures between Gwangju City and universities in response to the ‘RISE’. To achieve the purpose of this paper, three topics were intensively discussed based on literature analysis. First, in order to understand the relationship between local governments and universities, the relationship between the two was identified and the meaning of win-win cooperation was critically discussed. Second, in order to understand the current status of higher education in Gwangju city, the reality of higher education in Gwangju was analyzed at the national/regional level, focusing on key indicators. Third, in the problems and alternatives of Gwangju higher education, key problems were pointed out and alternatives were presented based on the four factors that make up the higher education system (purpose structure, governance structure, financial structure, and performance management). In the conclusion, it was emphasized that public value should be emphasized in the direction of innovation in the higher education system at the national/regional level and a special change in perception in local governments' understanding of universities was emphasized.

소셜미디어 품질이 긍정적 감정, 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Purpose With the recent challenges brought about by COVID-19, many individuals are turning their focus inward, seeking personal happiness. This shift has also influenced tourism trends, where travel experiences are now more about catering to individual preferences and facilitating shared experiences with like-minded travelers, addressing the inherent need for connection and communication. This evolving dynamic has spotlighted the role of social media quality as a pivotal marketing tool in the tourism industry. In this context, this research sought to explore the causal relationship between the quality of social media and the positive emotions, as well as the behavioral intentions of tourists.
 Methods In order to achieve the proposal of this study, the survey result of 260 questionnaires collected from tourists who watched a YouTube channel managed by the city of Gwangju. In addition, this study had been distributed over a three week period beginning from July 30th to July 10th, 2023.
 Results The analysis results are as follows. First, among the factors of social media quality that service quality and emotional quality were positively related to positive emotion. Second, it was established that positive emotion obtained a positive relation behavioral intention.Third, positive emotions were found to have a unique positive mediating effect on the social media quality between behavioral intention.
 Conclusion The findings of this analysis highlight the importance of effectively managing the quality of social media content. It underscores the value of fostering positive user emotions and intentions, suggesting a proactive approach is essential.

이주민 취업자의 건강검진 참여와 인구사회학적 및 건강관련 특성과의 관계

Health examinations facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, contributing to the improvement of individuals’ health and the reduction of the burden on the nation's healthcare services. The purpose of this study was to identify the sociodemographic and health-related factors associated with participation in health examinations among migrant workers in South Korea. This study was a secondary data analysis study using data from the 2022 Gwangju city migrant health status survey. In this study, 243 employed migrants aged 20 years or older were selected as the study subjects. We used 18 variables and conducted logistic regression analyses to identify predictors for participation in health examinations. A total of 66.3% of the subjects participated in health examinations. The factors that influenced health examination participation were industry type (OR=3.99, 95% CI 1.50-10.63), monthly income (OR=4.09, 95% CI 1.48-11.32), and interest in health information (OR=3.27, 95% CI 1.26-8.50). Migrants who worked in agricultural, fishery, and construction industries, had a monthly income of less than 1.5 million won, and had low interest in health information were more likely to not participate in health examinations. To protect the health of migrant workers, institutional improvement is needed to supplement industrial safety regulations and supervision for small businesses in the agricultural, fishery, and construction industries, where migrants are concentrated. In addition, to raise the awareness of migrant workers about the importance of preventive health care, it is necessary to develop and utilize health information that is appropriate for their language and culture.

The Effect of Wellness Tourism on Perceived Value of Wellness Tourism and Wellness Tourism Satisfaction: Focusing on Wellness Tourist of Gwangju City

The Effect of Wellness Tourism on Perceived Value of Wellness Tourism and Wellness Tourism Satisfaction: Focusing on Wellness Tourist of Gwangju City

예비교사의 세계시민의식과 세계시민교육역량 연구

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing global citizenship and global citizenship education competency after identify the relationship between global citizenship education competency and global citizenship in 225 pre-service teachers of Gwangju City. The data were self-reported questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 12.0 program. As a result of the study, The participants’ global citizenship education competency was a significant relationship in global citizenship. In addition, The significant factors were knowledge, skill, and attitude, which explained 19.6% of global citizenship education competency. Through this, it was found that the higher the level of global citizenship, the higher the level of global citizenship education competency. Therefore, the global citizenship education competency program for pre-service teachers should focus on improving global citizenship, including elements related to knowledge, skills, and attitude.

Efficacy analysis of virtual reality-based training for activities of daily living and functional task training in stroke patients: A single-subject study.

Virtual reality (VR)-based training for functions such as cognition, upper extremities, balancing, and activities of daily living (ADL) has been used on stroke patients, and its efficacy has been reported. However, no comparison has been made between the efficacy of VR-based training for daily activities that exactly reproduces ADL and functional training. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the difference in independency enhancement of VR-based training for daily activities compared to cognitive and motor functional training. This study was conducted on 4 patients who have been diagnosed with stroke and are currently receiving rehabilitation therapy in G hospital located in the city of Gwangju, using A-B-A'-B' design from single-subject experimental designs. Intervention was performed in 2 ways: application of VR-based training for daily activities after the application of cognitive and motor function training; and application of cognitive and motor function training after the application of VR-based training for daily activities. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills, Computer Cognitive Screening Assessment System, Box and Block Test, and Grip and Pinch Strength Test were used to measure the changes in the performance of daily activities, cognitive function, and upper extremities function. The results confirmed that the performance of daily activities, cognitive function, and upper extremities function was improved after the application of VR-based intervention. In addition, the efficacy of independency enhancement was maximized by the early approach of training for daily activities at the time of VR-based intervention in stroke patients. VR-based intervention of training for daily activities and functional training can be considered to benefit the improvement of the performance of daily activities, cognitive function, and upper extremities function in stroke patients. In addition, although functional training was also effective in enhancing independency and functional improvement in stroke patients, an early approach to training for ADL based on tasks with objectives was deemed to be more effective.

전라남도 광주시 관광기념품 제작을 위한 그래픽디자인 연구

Currently, tourism souvenirs in Gwangju, Jeollanam-do are developing in various ways. However, there are a number of problems, such as a uniform souvenir design that focuses on food and traditional elements that can be purchased anywhere in Korea, and a lack of products that reflect social design trends. Graphic design was produced by selecting 100 items, including the natural environment of Gwangju, buildings and cultural relics, famous festivals in Gwangju, and traditional patterns, for the production of tourist souvenirs in Gwangju. Utilizing 100 design proposals that have been produced, even products that are usable and easy to carry have been developed and proposed. Also, based on this, we intend to discover and nurture various elements of Gwangju City as elements that can commemorate and visit Gwangju City once again.

한국불교설화를 활용한 유아문화예술교육과 문제중심학습(PBL)의 통합적 접근이 유아의 공감능력에 미치는 효과

Objectives This study analysed Korean Buddhist Tales utilised cultural arts education for young children and the effect on young children’s empathetic ability from the integrated approach of problem-based learning (PBL). Methods Fifty Gwangju city based five years-old young children (twenty-five children for both experiment group and controlled group) were selected and the experiment were held for eight weeks (four times a week and thirty-two times in total). Five Korean Buddhist tales were selected to build a teaching-learning method that integrates cultural arts education for young children and PBL, and five stages of experiment were executed; stage 1: facing the problem; stage 2: identifying the topic; stage 3: discovery; stage 4: finding the solution; stage 5: presentation and assessment. The examination on the children’s empathetic ability was used to analyze, using SPSS (ver. 26), the difference among groups based on ANCOVA and MANCOVA. Results To sum, Korean Buddhist Tales utilised cultural arts education for young children and the integrated approach of PBL has positive impact on improvement of children’s empathetic ability. Among the sub-elements, communication empathy and cognitive empathy also showed positive impact on this while the other sub-elements that are social empathy and emotional empathy didn’t show a meaningful difference. Conclusions This proves that Korean Buddhist Tales utilised cultural arts education for young children and the integrated approach of PBL have a positive impact in increasing ‘communication empathy’ and ‘cognitive empathy’.

Monitoring of Microplastics and Styrene Oligomers in the Atmosphere

Objectives:Plastic pollution is a very important environmental issue. The objective of this study is to monitor microplastics and styrene oligomers (SOs) as artificial chemical species that can be derived from polystyrene (PS) plastics. Methods:In order to achieve the above objective, this study collected atmospheric samples from the air of Gwangju City and Jeju Island and analyzed the concentrations of microplastics and SOs chemical species using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). In this study, a stainless steel filter was used for the sampling of microplastics and SOs species.Results and Discussion:In 2019, the average concentration of SOs in the atmosphere of Gwangju City was 0.24 (± 0.56) µg/m<sup>3</sup>, and in 2020, the average concentration of SOs in Gwangju City was 0.10 (± 0.16)µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Those average concentration in Jeju Island in 2020 was monitored to be 0.11 (± 0.07) µg/m<sup>3</sup>. Moreover, the concentration of microplastics present in the atmosphere of Gwangju City and Jeju Island in 2020 ranged from 0.13 particles/m<sup>3</sup> to 1.13 particles/m<sup>3</sup>. In this time, 9 types of microplastics were detected, and the most frequently detected microplastics were polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), and acrylate materials. The monitored microplastic shapes were both fibers and fragments, suggesting that atmospheric microplastics are mainly released from fibers or caused by friction and breakage. Consequently, SOs and microplastics can be new pollution indicators for evaluating air quality. Conclusion:This study is the first attempt to monitor SOs compounds and microplastics, so it is expected to contribute to the evaluation of the extent of plastic pollution.

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) in Taehwa Research Forest, South Korea

Endozoochorous seed dispersal by ungulates can facilitate the dispersal of seeds over long distances. Endozoochorous seed dispersal can also result in the ecological filtering of plant species by dispersing plant seeds with distinctive traits. The Korean water deer (Hydropotes inermis argyropus) is a potential long-distance seed dispersal vector in lowland areas of South Korea. In this study, to test the endozoochorous seed dispersal role of Korean water deer in forested areas, we collected 202 fresh fecal pellet group samples in Taehwa Research Forest, Gwangju City, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. Additionally, we conducted a vegetation survey to compare the traits of dispersed seeds from feces with the seed traits of flora in the study site. To test whether the composition of species traits dispersed by endozoochory is consistent with that of lowland areas, which consist of forested hills, arable land, and wetlands, we compared the results with a former study conducted in the lowlands. From the seedling emergence method applied to feces, we found a total of 22 species and 115 seedlings. Among 202 fecal pellet groups, 19.8% had at least one germinable seed. Species of forbs, with small-sized seeds (≤2 mm in length), from open habitat, and seeds without special morphology for dispersal are most frequently dispersed through Korean water deer endozoochory. These traits were consistent with the former endozoochory study conducted in a lowland area, irrespective of the different available flora. Therefore, we suggest that deer can potentially disperse seeds with the aforementioned traits to forest plant communities, acting as a consistent ecological filter through endozoochory.

Pakistani Migrant’s Integration Experiences in South Korea

This research paper has elucidated significant factors regarding the integration of Pakistani migrants living in South Korea (S.K). Pakistan stands at the sixth spot in terms of overseas migrant workers. The migration happened due to a few reasons such as lack of access to higher education with standardized scientific equipment for experimental use, poor financial and political situation, and to gain better economic opportunities which improve their as well as families’ living standards. The open-ended interviews were conducted with the Pakistani migrants living in S.K. The subject of the study is Pakistani migrants living in Jeolla Namdo, the capital city of Gwangju, South Korea. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent Pakistani migrants are integrated with the host community and in which area they are facing hindrances. During interviews, the participants were asked about the basic purpose of migration to S.K, daily life, and how they celebrate their cultural and religious festivities. How do they manage their lives in the host community? According to this study, most Pakistani migrants came to Korea for education, followed by business category and joining the family. Before coming to Korea, they did not learn the Korean language, and after arrival, they realized that the language barrier and availability of halal food are real troubles. In Korea, it is difficult to get halal edible items, even though it is essential regarding Muslim religious beliefs. None of the respondents eats pork and other cooked meat available in the restaurants because the meat is not halal. There are insufficient grocery stores to purchase the affirmed halal meat. This study demonstrates that the integration of Pakistani migrants is moderate, yet a gigantic change in three things such as greetings style, sense of dressings, and food preferences is seen that is integrated from the host community. In the case of residence location preferences, the majority of Pakistani migrants do not have any hesitation to live in a non-Muslim populated area. They feel safe everywhere in Korea. Concerning the children, their integration level is high because they can easily make Korean friends. Children have adopted the language very quickly and face no barriers; they speak Korean very well too. The article's findings offer a few suggestions to the government of South Korea that will help to improve integration and multiculturalism. It is recommended that the Korean government should amend its policy in migrants' favor, this will positively change general people's mindset. This will promote the concept that Korean culture is becoming multi-cultural from monoculture. The government of South Korea should consider issues creating hindrances related to integration such as the availability of migrants’ worship places, easy and everywhere availability of required edible halal food, and make easier the process of getting a permanent residence-ship. This will pull in more migrants, which will improve integration processes. Keywords: Integration, Multiculturalism, Religious festivities, Education, Equipped laboratories, Migrants.

광주지역 취약계층시설 실내공기 중 유해물질 농도 조사

This research was conducted to quantify hazardous substances in indoor air from various public facilities with sensitive populations, including daycare centers, medical institutions, and elderly care facilities from March 2021 to October 2021, located in Gwangju city, South Korea. Measured air pollutants include: PM<SUB>10</SUB>, PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, CO₂, CO, total airborne bacteria(TAB), 43 different volatile organic compounds(VOCs), and 7 different aldehydes. The measured air pollutants were found in the following average concentrations 18.3 μg/m³ of PM<SUB>10</SUB>, 11.7 μg/m³ of PM<SUB>2.5</SUB>, 596 ppm of CO₂, 18.7 μg/m³ of formaldehyde, 0.9 ppm of CO, and 212 CFU/m³ of TAB. The average VOCs concentrations of toluene, m,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, styrene, o-xylene were 37.8 μg/m³, 12.7 μg/m³, 10.0 μg/m³, 4.9 μg/m³, 4.7 μg/m³, respectively. d-limonene, 1-butanol, octane, heptane, butyl acetate, and hexane were also detected. The average total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) concentration was found to be 293.8 μg/m³ for daycare centers, 357.4 μg/m³ for medical institutions and 262.9 μg/m³ for elderly care facilities. For aldehydes, formaldehyde and acetaldehyde concentrations were 18.7 μg/m³ and 12.4 μg/m³, respectively.

대응분석을 활용한 도시관광 매력물의 포지셔닝 분석-광주광역시를 중심으로-

Purpose - In order to suggest better strategies for improving the quality of city tour, this study developed empirical investigation to reveal competitiveness of attractions in Gwangju. Design, data, and methodology - With correspondence analysis, this research developed positioning map for city attractions in Gwangju. 24 visiting points and 18 activities based on the frequency of visitors actual performance have been applied to mapping. For better understanding about the location of each attraction on the map, it also investigated their relationships with characteristics of visitors such as demographic and touristic nature. Result - Cultural and historical assets have been located in opposite side from city and industrial attractions. Meanwhile, natural assets have been located in middle of map. Besides, positioning map based on activities provided further information about the relationship between characteristics of visitors and attractions than others. Conclusions - The results offer insights into developing the strategies for promoting attract ions in Gwangju city. In spite of exploratory nature of this research due to its statistical approach, correspondence analysis, it still worthwhile for supporting city tour at the point of providing visible and easy access information.

The Critical Review on the Human Rights Regime in Gwangju City

이 글은 인권조례의 제정을 통해 지방정부에서 인권의 제도화가 이루어진지 10여년이 지난 광주광역시의 인권 레짐이 어떻게 작동하고 있는가를 살펴보고, 인권도시 구현이라는 제도의 목적에 비추어 문제점을 진단하고 과제를 도출하고자 한다. 인권제도들의 문제점을 분석하는 일은 <인권정책기본법>의 국회통과와 시행을 앞두고 지방의 인권 레짐을 재편하는데 유용한 정보를 제공해줄 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구에서 분석한 광주광역시 인권 레짐의 문제점은 전담부서의 조직구조, 인권구제기구 위상의 모호성, 제도화 이후 지역인권위원회의 활동력 약화, 변화된 환경에 적응하지 못하는 국가인권기구 지역사무소의 한계 등 네 가지이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서는 지방정부 인권레짐이 재구조화되어야 하며 인권 거버넌스를 실질화할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 인권 레짐의 재구조화를 위해서는 첫째, 인권정책을 총괄하는 기능을 민주인권평화국 내의 3개과의 하나에 불과한 민주인권과에 맡기지 말고 국 차원의 최우선 순위업무로 설정하는 한편, 타부서들과 정책 조정기능을 수행 할 수 있도록 정책협의체를 신설해야 한다. 둘째, 인권옴부즈맨 기구는 민주인권과의 소속기구가 아닌 독립기구로서 위상이 강화되어야 하는데, 이는 현행 조례에 규정되어 있는 인권지원센타의 설립과 병행하여 해결할 수도 있다. 셋째, 국가인권위원회 지역사무소는 인권구제업무를 우선시하는 지역분소로서의 역할에서 탈피하고 권한을 확대하여 정책, 교육 등 제반 업무를 지방정부와 함께 추진할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 인권의 지역화 추세에 맞추어 지역협력체계를 구축하는 것이 시급하다. 넷째, 지역인권위원회가 인권 거버넌스의 중심축의 역할을 할 수 있도록 활동을 강화해야 한다. 광주시 인권 레짐은 앞으로 자유권과 차별만을 다룰 것이 아니라 사회권의 영역까지 포섭할 수 있어야 할 것이며, 시민사회와의 거버넌스를 통해 재구조화되어야 할 것이다.

불변시장점유율모형을 이용한 광주의 대중국과 대미국 수출분석

This paper aims to analyze the export structure of Gwangju Metropolitan City emplying the CMS model, which is very popular method of measuring the export performance of a particular region. Exports occupy special attention in the economic literature and practice due to their critical contribution to the economic stability, long-term development and growth of any economy. Export performance is pivotal to have positive economic effects on any particular economy like Gwangju city. A region’s export performance is influenced by variety of domestic as well as international factors such as growth of world demand, changes in the commodity composition of exports, changes in market distribution of exports and changes in competitiveness of exports. This paper reveals that Chinese import demand promotes the Gwangju’s exports to China for HS85, but discourages its exports to China for HS84, HS39 and HS90. The commodity composition effect affects Gwangju’s exports to China positively for HS85, but does not do for HS84, HS39 and HS90. Chinese import demand promotes the Gwangju’s exports to China for HS85, but discourages its exports to China for HS84, HS39 and HS90. For China the commodity composition effect affects Gwangju’s exports to China positively for HS85, but does not do for HS84, HS39 and HS90. This study also shows that the effect of the U.S. import demand for HS87 and HS40 is positive, but its effect is negative for HS84 and HS85. For the U.S. the commodity composition effect has a negative effect for HS87 and HS40, but has a positive effect for HS84 and HS85.

The Political Dynamics on Development Process of Human Rights Cities: Lessons from South Korea and Indonesia

There has not been a comparative study on the human rights cities in South Korea and Indonesia. Therefore, this paper conduct a comparative study of the dynamics within the development process of the human rights city in Gwangju and Wonosobo. This study explains how both cities flourished into Human Rights Cities using agenda-building theory. Moreover, this research elucidates the main actors and their respective roles in the development of both Human Rights Cities. Employing qualitative methods of data collection and analysis, this study found similarities and differences between the development processes of both Human Rights Cities. This article found that civil society organizations’ efforts were influential in the initiation stage in Gwangju. Meanwhile, in the case of Wonosobo, the concept of brandishing itself as a Human Rights City came from the Mayor. As a result, the top-down agenda-building process in Wonosobo took place faster than the development of the bottom-up human rights city of Gwangju.

경기도 광주지역의 극한강우 사상을 고려한 산사태위험도 분석

South Korea is featured by the rugged topography that is composed of mountains about 68% of the country and the weather that rainfall is mostly concentrated during the summer. These topographic and meteorological features have caused disasters such as landslide and avalanche from mountains every year. Especially, urban expansion caused urban boundaries to get closer to steep slopes of mountains and residents are seriously exposed to disasters such as landslides so appropriate measures should be required. We, however, are facing the limitations in prevention and mitigation of landslide disasters due to the complexity of the causes of landslides like human factors as well as natural ones. To reduce the limitations, we generated of a hazard map by landslide for Gwangju City, Gyeonggi-do with an assumption of an extreme rainfall situation based on the infinite slope stability analysis model. To derive the landslide hazard map, we collected soil samples from the places where landslides actually occurred and constructed physical data by experiments and derived a landslide hazard map based on 5 rainfall scenarios. The accuracy of the result was evaluated by comparing the reference of the landslide hazard maps published by Korean Ministry of Forest.&#x0D;