Guttman Split-half Coefficient Research Articles

Reliability and validity of Connor-Davidson resilience scale in Chinese college students

Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC) in Chinese college students. Methods 1610 college students were tested with CD-RISC.783 of them took a more test by BFI and SCL-90 at the same time.After three weeks, 83 students were retested by CD-RISC. Results (1) The results of confirmatory factor analysis (χ2/df=6.632, RMSEA =0.059, GFI=0.934, AGFI=0.915, CFI=0.927, NFI=0.915) indicated that the three-factor model reasonably fitted Chinese college students. (2) The Cronabach α coefficients of the CD-RISC and three factors called adaptability, tenacity and autonomy were 0.914, 0.865, 0.784, 0.767 respectively; the mean inter-item correlation coefficients of them were 0.364, 0.417, 0.425, 0.398 respectively; the Guttman split-half coefficients were 0.888, 0.843, 0.707, 0.650 respectively; the retest-reliability coefficients were 0.856, 0.742, 0.777, 0.747.(3) The scores of the total scale of CD-RISC and three factors were significantly correlated to BFI and SCL-90(P<0.01). There were significant differences between the low-resilient group and the high-resilient group in every index of BFI and SCL-90. (4) There were significant differences between male and female students in CD-RISC and factor tenacity and autonomy(male: 2.77±0.60, 2.70±0.74, 2.65±0.68; female: 2.70±0.53, 2.62±0.67, 2.54±0.62; P<0.05) . Conclusion The Chinese version of CD-RISC is a reliable and valid method for assessing resilience in Chinese college students. Key words: Chinese revision of connor-davidson resilience scale; College students; Reliability; Validity

Translation and Validation of the Korean Version of the 39-Item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire

Background and PurposeThe importance of health-related quality of life (HrQoL) has been increasingly emphasized when assessing and providing treatment to patients with chronic, progressive, degenerative disorders. The 39-item Parkinson's disease questionnaire (PDQ-39) is the most widely used patient-reporting scale to assess HrQoL in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the translated Korean version of the PDQ-39 (K-PDQ-39).MethodsOne hundred and two participants with PD from 10 movement disorder clinics at university-affiliated hospitals in South Korea completed the K-PDQ-39. All of the participants were also tested using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Scale (K-MADS), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS). Retests of the K-PDQ-39 were performed over time intervals from 10 to 14 days in order to assess test-retest reliability.ResultsEach K-PDQ-39 domain showed correlations with the summary index scores (rS=0.559-0.793, p<0.001). Six out of eight domains met the acceptable standard of reliability (Cronbach's α coefficient ≥0.70). The Guttman split-half coefficient value of the K-PDQ-39 summary index, which is an indicator of test-retest reliability, was 0.919 (p<0.001). All of the clinical variables examined except for age, comprising disease duration, levodopa equivalent dose, modified Hoehn and Yahr stage (H&Y stage), UPDRS part I, II and III, mood status (K-MADS), cognition (K-MMSE), daytime sleepiness (ESS) and (NMSS) showed strong correlations with the K-PDQ-39 summary index (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe K-PDQ-39 has been validated for use in the Korean-speaking PD population. The questionnaire is a valid and reliable assessment tool for assessing the HrQoL of Korean PD patients.

학령전기 아동 사고위험 지각 측정도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of injury risk perception in preschool children. Method: Employing a methodological research design, data were collected using questionnaires from a sample of 178 child day care center preschooler selected by convenient sampling located at Kwangwon-Do. Descriptive statistics, content analysis, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in performance of data analysis. Results: Through conduct of validity testing, 27 items were finally selected. The internal consistency was acceptable with a Cronbach's alpha of .66 and a Guttman Split-half coefficient of .70. Conclusion: The injury risk perception scale showed adequate validity and reliability in preschool children. It can be used for assessment of injury risk and for development of injury prevention programs for preschool children.

Validation of the Greek Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale for Assessing Early Postpartum Adjustment

The Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale is a self- administered scale, designed for use in primary care settings to identify postpartum maternal adjustment problems regarding body image, sex, somatic symptoms, and marital relationships. Women were recruited within four weeks of giving birth. Responses to the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale were compared for agreement with responses to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as a gold standard. Psychometric measurements included: reliability coefficients, explanatory factor analysis, and confirmatory analysis by linear structural relations. A receiver operating characteristic analysis was carried out to evaluate the global functioning of the scale. Of 300 mothers screened, 121 (40.7%) were experiencing difficulties in maternal adjustment and maternal attitudes. Scores on the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale correlated well with those on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. The internal consistency of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale, Greek version—tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient—was 0.859, and that of Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.820. Findings confirmed the multidimensionality of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale, demonstrating a six-factor structure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.610, and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 57/58 fitted the model sensitivity at 68% and model specificity at 64.6%. Data confirmed that the Greek version of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes Scale is a reliable and valid screening tool for both clinical practice and research purposes to detect postpartum adjustment difficulties.

Linguistic Adaptation, Validation and Comparison of 3 Routinely Used Neuropathic Pain Questionnaires

Background: Neuropathic pain questionnaires are efficient diagnostic tools for neuropathic pain and play an important role in neuropathic pain epidemiologic studies in China. No comparison data was available in regards to the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS), the Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) and ID Pain within and among the same population. Objective: To achieve a linguistic adaptation, validation, and comparison of Chinese versions of the 3 neuropathic pain questionnaires (LANSS, NPQ and ID Pain). Study design: A nonrandomized, controlled, prospective, multicenter trial. Setting: Ten pain centers in China. Methods: Two forward translations followed by comparison and reconciliation of the translations. Comparison of the 2 backward translations with the original version was made to establish consistency and accuracy of the translations. Pilot testing and pain specialists’ evaluations were also required. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in 10 centers throughout China: 70 neuropathic pain patients and 70 nociceptive pain patients. Reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficients) and validity (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves and the area under the ROC curves) of the 3 questionnaires were determined. ROC curves and the area under the ROC curves of the 3 questionnaires were also compared. Results: Chinese versions of LANSS, NPQ and ID Pain had a good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficients were greater than 0.7). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the Chinese versions of LANSS and ID Pain were considerably high (&gt; 80%). The area under the ROC curves of LANSS and ID Pain was significantly higher than that of NPQ (P &lt; 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the area under the ROC curves of LANSS and ID Pain (P &gt; 0.05). Limitation: The study was based on patients with a high school degree or above, which limited the application of the 3 neuropathic pain questionnaires to patients with lower educational levels. Conclusion: The Chinese versions of LANSS and ID Pain developed and validated by this study can be used as a diagnostic tool in differentiating neuropathic pain in patients whose native language is Chinese (Mandarin). Key words: Neuropathic pain, questionnaire, scale, LANSS, NPQ, ID Pain, reliability, validity.

Construct validity and factor structure of Tamil version of Beck Cognitive Insight Scale to assess cognitive insight of patients with schizophrenia.

Objective: The ability to reflect rationally on one's own anomalous experiences and to recognise that their conclusions are incorrect is called as cognitive insight. It influences the delusion proneness of patients with schizophrenia. Structured instruments to assess cognitive insight have not been validated in any Indian languages so far. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the validity and factor structure of Tamil version of Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS-T).Methods: One hundred and fifty consecutive patients with schizophrenia completed BCIS-T. We assessed their clinical insight with the reference standard, Schedule for Assessment of Insight-Expanded version (SAI-E). An independent psychiatrist evaluated their psychopathology using Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS).Results: BCIS-T was internally consistent with Cronbach's α 0.67 and Guttman's split-half coefficient as 0.63. BCIS-T composite index documented convergent validity with SAI-E total score (ρ = 0.38; p &lt; 0.001) and discriminant validity with BPRS (ρ = −0.02; p = 0.85). Factor analysis showed a four-factor structure, namely self-certainty, self-reflectiveness, openness to external feedback and infallibility of self-reflection. BCIS-T composite index had significant linear relationship with clinical insight and treatment compliance on multivariate analyses (p &lt; 0.01).Conclusion: Our findings support the validity of BCIS-T to assess cognitive insight of the patients with schizophrenia. We suggest addressing the intricacies of cognitive insight beyond the traditional two-dimensional models in cross-cultural settings.

Validation of the Korean-Version of the Nonmotor Symptoms Scale for Parkinson's Disease

Background and PurposeNon-motor symptoms are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), and are the primary cause of disability in many PD patients. Our aim in this study was to translate the origin non-motor symptoms scale for PD (NMSS), which was written in English, into Korean (K-NMSS), and to evaluate its reliability and validity for use with Korean-speaking patients with PD.MethodsIn total, 102 patients with PD from 9 movement disorders sections of university teaching hospitals in Korea were enrolled in this study. They were assessed using the K-NMSS, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Korean version of the Mini-Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), the Korean version of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (K-MADS), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 39 (PDQ39). Test-retest reliability was assessed over a time interval of 10-14 days in all but one patient.ResultsThe K-NMSS was administered to 102 patients with PD. The internal consistency and reliability of this tool was 0.742 (mean Cronbach's α-coefficient). The test-retest correlation reliability was 0.941 (Guttman split-half coefficient). There was a moderate correlation between the total K-NMSS score and the scores for UPDRS part I [Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, (rS)=0.521, p<0.001] and UPDRS part II (rS=0.464, p=0.001), but there was only a weak correlation between the total K-NMSS score and the UPDRS part III score (rS=0.288, p=0.003). The total K-NMSS score was significantly correlated with the K-MADS (rS=0.594, p<0.001), K-MMSE (rS=-0.291, p=0.003), and ESS (rS=0.348, p<0.001). The total K-NMSS score was also significantly and positively correlated with the PDQ39 score (rS=0.814, p<0.001).ConclusionsThe K-NMSS exhibited good reliability and validity for the assessment of non-motor symptoms in Korean PD patients.

초등학생 대상 생명존중 인식 측정도구의 타당도 및 신뢰도 검증

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of a life respect instrument for elementary school students. Method: The study was conducted as follows: identification of the tentative content domains, items generation, test of content validity, and data collecting with a preliminary questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach`s alpha, Guttman split-half, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data. Results: Two factors were extracted through factor analysis: `Value about life respect`, and `Attitude about life respect.` These factors explained 58.82% of all factors. A total of 16 items belonging to 2 domains were generated. Cronbach`s alpha and Guttman split-half coefficient were .82, and .84 respectively. Conclusion: The life respect instrument modified in this study will be useful for evaluating the effect of life respect education for elementary school students.

Validation of the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist in nonintubated intensive care unit patients in a resource-poor medical intensive care setting in South India

Objective Delirium is a common, difficult-to-diagnose clinical condition in critical care units. The lack of recognition of delirium often results in increased morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to determine the validity and reliability of the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC) in a resource-poor medical intensive care setting in South India. Materials and methods Fifty-three patients admitted into the medical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital who were neither mute nor intubated were recruited for the study. Trained residents administered the ICDSC to screen for delirium. A consultant psychiatrist used the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria for research to determine the presence of delirium. Results The optimal threshold for screening, as ICDSC total score of 3 or more, was obtained by using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Although a sensitivity and specificity of 75% and 74%, respectively, were obtained at the original cutoff of 4, a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 61.54% were achieved with a cutoff of 3. In a subsample of 21 patients, interrater reliability was evaluated and found to be 0.947 (95% confidence interval, 0.870-0.979). The ICDSC had good internal consistency, with Cronbach α of .754 and Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.71. Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor structure, namely, altered sensorium/psychopathology and sleep-wake cycle problems. Conclusions Our findings indicate that in nonintubated intensive care unit patients, the ICDSC can be used to screen for delirium but should not be used as a diagnostic instrument in this patient population and that residents can be trained in the use of the instrument in resource-poor critical care settings. Using a different threshold for positivity of 3 rather than 4 appeared to offer improved screening characteristics in this resource-poor critical care setting.

Reliability and Validity of the Suffering Scale of Family of Patients with Terminal Cancer

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure suffering of family of patients with terminal cancer. Methods: This research was a methodological study processed as follows: 1) The preliminary 32 items were developed based a conceptual framework of suffering for patients with cancer. 2) The content was validated by an expert panel (n=24) and the family of patients with terminal cancers (n=33). 3) The instrument was validated by survey (n=92). Finally, 29 items were selected in developing final version of the scale. Results: Seven factors were extracted through factor analysis: ‘economical distress’, ‘loss of meaning in life’, ‘feeling of social isolation’, ‘emotional distress’, ‘burnout’, ‘guilty feeling’, and ‘physical discomfort’. These factors explained 66.94% of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha and Guttman Split-half coefficient of the 29 items were .93 and .92. respectively. Conclusion: This scale identified as a valid and reliable tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. It can be effectively utilized to assess the degree of suffering of family in palliative care settings.

The Adaptation of the CES-Depression Scale into Turkish through the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Item Response Theory and the Examination of Psychometric Characteristics

Objective: The purpose of this study was to adapt the CES-Depression scale into Turkish and to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the scale.Method: The data were collected from 1143 subjects for the validity and reliability analyses through different procedures.Results: The reliability and validity results of the scale found in this study were quite similar to the results in the literature. The internal consistency coefficient was between 0.75 and 0.90. The Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.89. The test-retest reliability by two weeks was 0.69. The analysis of items by item response theory showed item 7 to be the least discriminant item, and consecutively item 11, 15, and 13 followed. The most discriminant items happened to be 6, 3, and 8. The factor loadings of the items of the scale, both by the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses, led to similar results found in other studies. The four factor structure of the scale was tested and the GFI was 0.84 through confirmatory factor analysis. The correlation coefficient between the CES-D and Back Depression Inventory was 0.77. We observed that the scale discriminated between patient and non-patient groups effectively at 81.7%.Conclusion: The Turkish version of the CES-D scale can be used for the screening purposes during the assessment process of groups.

Identifying Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) during the postpartum period in a Greek sample

Research has highlighted the wide impact of intimate partner violence (IPV) and the public health role of community health professionals in detection of victimized women. The purpose of this study was to identify postpartum emotional and physical abuse and to validate the Greek version of the Women Abuse Screening Tool (WAST) along with its sensitivity and specificity. Five hundred seventy-nine mothers within 12 weeks postpartum were recruited from the perinatal care registers of the Maternity Departments of two public hospitals in Athens, Greece. Participants were randomly selected by clinic or shift. The WAST and the Partner Violence Screen (PVS) surveys were administered in random order to the mothers from September 2007 to January 2008. The WAST was compared with the PVS as a criterion standard. Agreement between the screening instruments was examined. The psychometric measurements that were performed included: two independent sample t tests, reliability coefficients, explanatory factor analysis using a Varimax rotation, and Principal Components Method. Confirmatory analysis-also called structural equation modeling-of principal components was conducted by Linear Structural Relations. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the global functioning of the scale. Two hundred four (35.6%) of the mothers screened were identified as experiencing IPV. Scores on the WAST correlated well with those on the PVS; the internal consistency of the WAST Greek version-tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient-was found to be 0.926 and that of Guttman's split-half coefficient was 0.924. Our findings confirm the multidimensionality of the WAST, demonstrating a two-factor structure. The area under ROC curve (AUC) was found to be 0.824, and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 0/1 fitted the model sensitivity at 99.7% and model specificity at 64.4%. Our data confirm the validity of the Greek version of the WAST in identifying IPV. The validated Greek WAST scale could be used for screening purposes in both clinical practice and research.

Psychometric re‐evaluation of the immunosuppressant therapy adherence scale among solid‐organ transplant recipients

The objective of this study was to conduct a psychometric re-evaluation of the immunosuppressant therapy adherence scale (ITAS), a self-report measure of immunosuppressant therapy (IST) adherence targeted to solid-organ transplant recipients. Mailed questionnaires were used to collect data from 141 transplant recipients. A factor analysis of the ITAS was conducted. Validity was examined via Pearson's product-moment correlations (r) to theoretically tied measures of social support and resilience. Cronbach's and split-half alpha coefficients determined internal consistency. The response rate was 72.3%. The aggregate mean on ITAS' summed scores was 11.0 (standard deviation = 1.7). The single IST adherence factor had an eigenvalue of 2.92 and accounted for 73% of the scale items' variance. Component loadings for ITAS items were high (> or = 0.80). Zero-order correlations among scale items were moderately strong (> or = 0.57) and significant (P < 0.01). ITAS summed scores were significantly associated with measures of social support and resilience (r > or = 0.20, P < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.87. The Guttman split-half coefficient was 0.90. This re-evaluation provides needed confirmation that the ITAS is a valid and reliable measure of IST adherence. The ITAS may be useful as an IST adherence measure in the outpatient transplant clinic setting as it is easy to administer, brief and less expensive than many other adherence measures.

The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: translation and validation for a Greek sample

BackgroundEdinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is an important screening instrument that is used routinely with mothers during the postpartum period for early identification of postnatal depression. The purpose of this study was to validate the Greek version of EPDS along with sensitivity, specificity and predictive values.Methods120 mothers within 12 weeks postpartum were recruited from the perinatal care registers of the Maternity Departments of 4 Hospitals of Heraklion municipality, Greece. EPDS and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) surveys were administered in random order to the mothers. Each mother was diagnosed with depression according to the validated Greek version of BDI-II. The psychometric measurements that were performed included: two independent samples t-tests, One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), reliability coefficients, Explanatory factor analysis using a Varimax rotation and Principal Components Method. Confirmatory analysis -known as structural equation modelling- of principal components was conducted by LISREL (Linear Structural Relations). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was carried out to evaluate the global functioning of the scale.Results8 (6.7%) of the mothers were diagnosed with major postnatal depression, 14 (11.7%) with moderate and 38 (31.7%) with mild depression on the basis of BDI-II scores. The internal consistency of the EPDS Greek version -using Chronbach's alpha coefficient- was found 0.804 and that of Guttman split-half coefficient 0.742. Our findings confirm the multidimensionality of EPDS, demonstrating a two-factor structure which contained subscales reflecting depressive symptoms and anxiety. The Confirmatory Factor analysis demonstrated that the two factor model offered a very good fit to our data. The area under ROC curve AUC was found 0.7470 and the logistic estimate for the threshold score of 8/9 fitted the model sensitivity at 76.7% and model specificity at 68.3%.ConclusionOur data confirm the validity of the Greek version of the EPDS in identifying postnatal depression. The Greek EPDS scale could be used as a useful instrument in both clinical practice and research.

Validation of the Physical Education Teachers' Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale with a Turkish Sample

The main purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Physical Education Teachers' Physical Activity Self-efficacy Scale (PETPAS), developed by Martin and Kulinna (2003), in a Turkish setting, and to test if there are any differences according to gender and teaching experience of Turkish PE teachers. The Turkish version of the PETPAS was administered to 227 physical educators from 3 cities in Turkey. Exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale consists of 4 dimensions, as does the original. Cronbach's alpha was .86, and both the Equal-Length Spearman Brown split-half coefficient (r = .72) and Guttman's split-half coefficient (r = .73) showed good results. The independent t test results revealed that there were significant gender differences in space, time, and institution subscales. One way ANOVA results also indicated that student and space subscales significantly differed according to teaching experience of the PE teachers. These results indicated that the PETPAS is a valid and reliable scale for Turkish culture.

Validation of memorial delirium assessment scale

Purpose Delirium is common but underdiagnosed in critical care units, which results in increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of diagnosing delirium with the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) in India. Materials and Methods One hundred twenty consecutive patients admitted to medical and cardiac intensive care units of a tertiary care hospital, who were neither mute nor intubated, participated in this study. A trained junior resident screened for delirium using MDAS. A consultant psychiatrist established the reference diagnosis of delirium in accordance with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision diagnostic criteria for research. Results Interrater agreement and test-retest reliability of MDAS were 0.92 (95% confidence interval, 0.81-0.96) and 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.97), respectively. The MDAS had good internal consistency, with Cronbach α of .89 and Guttman split-half coefficient of 0.71. Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor structure, namely, cognitive disturbances and behavioral abnormalities. A receiver operating characteristic curve obtained the optimal threshold for screening as MDAS total score of at least 10. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 100%, 95.45%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Our findings suggest that training junior residents to use a brief screening instrument to diagnose delirium is a reliable and valid option in resource-poor critical care settings.

Study of the Reliability and Validity of the Community Health Intensity Rating Scale (CHIRS) in the Turkish Community

The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Community Health Intensity Rating Scale (CHIRS) that was translated into the Turkish language and applied in the Turkish community. The CHIRS is a tool that assesses the intensity of need for care of persons/families in the community. The original version of the tool was translated into Turkish, examined for face validity and language appropriateness by the Turkish experts, and then applied to 372 families living in Odemis, Turkey. Significant correlations were found between total scale score (TSS) and total number of household members, and between the TSS and the total number of visits to any health institution within the previous month. In addition, the self-health care needs evaluation scores supported predictive validity. For reliability, min-max values, standard errors and deviations, skewness, and kurtosis coefficients of parameter scores, domain scores, and TSS were examined. The mean TSS was 26.7 (+/- 5.32) and the mean age of the participants was 35.0 years. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha (.525) and Guttman split-half coefficient (.629) values were established for the TSS. In conclusion, the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of CHIRS have been established.

Validation of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 among a random sample of Jordanian women

Measuring the impact of westernization on body image is an important element in understanding body dissatisfaction and eating disorders in countries undergoing cultural transitions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3, a measure of societal and media impacts on body image, in a non-western population. Factor analyses identified the same four subscales found in the original validation with high Cronbach's alpha coefficients and Guttman split-half coefficients, and low item cross-loadings. Furthermore, mean score comparisons by demographic variables on each subscale indicated that subscale scores were only affected by age. The results suggest that the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 is a valid and reliable instrument for Jordanian women. The high level of validity and reliability for this population lends support for the possible use of this scale in other non-western populations after appropriate pretesting.

Adaptación lingüística y validación al castellano de la escala LANSS (Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs) para el diagnóstico diferencial del dolor neuropático

This study was intended to achieve a linguistic adaptation and validation into Spanish of the LANNS scale for the differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain. Cross-sectional validation study carried out in two phases: first, cultural adaptation into Spanish language, by means of a conceptual equivalence approach, including forward and backward translations in duplicate and review by experts; and second, validation study of the scale in patients with neuropathic, noniceptive and mixed pain, in which the scale properties of reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater agreement with kappa and intra-class correlation coefficients) and validity (ROC curves analisys, agreement with reference diagnosis and determination of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negatives predictive values) were evaluated. A total of 156 subjects (90 women, 58.4%), 89 with pain of neuropathic origin (mean age [SD], 59.6 [19.4] years, 22 with mixed pain due to radiculopathy) and 67 with nociceptive pain (66.6 [11.8] years) were included in the study. Diagnosis of the type of pain was performed by standard clinical criteria. The scale was administrated by trained interviewers, in duplicate and blinded to the reference diagnosis. The scale showed good reliability (internal consistency: Cronbach and Guttman split-half coefficients between 0.68 and 0.71; inter-rater agreement: kappa coefficient of 0.70 and intra-class correlation coefficients between 0.77 and 0.92) and validity for a cut-off value > or = 12 points, which represented the best value to discriminate between patients with neuropathic and nociceptive components of pain (kappa coefficient = 0.70; CI 95%, 0.59-0.81; p < 0.0001); area under the curve, 0.929; (p < 0.0001); specificity, 89.4% (CI 95%, 79.4%-95.6%) and positive value, 91.1%; CI 95%, 82.6%-96.4%). The Spanish version of the LANSS scale is reliable and valid for the differential diagnosis of neuropathic pain.

Linguistic adaptation and validation into Spanish of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderline Personality Disorders-Revised (DIB‐R)

ABSTRACTObjective: This paper describes the linguistic adaptation and psychometric validation into Spanish of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines-Revised (DIB‐R) scale for diagnosing borderline personality disorder (BPD).Methods: A conceptual equivalence approach was undertaken, including forward and backward translations of the scale and patient debriefing in a pilot phase. BPD and control patients were included in the validation study, and all of them were administered the scale by well trained interviewers, blinded to the clinical diagnosis. Reference diagnosis for BPD was done according to DSM‐IV criteria. The interview was independently administered in a subset of patients by different interviewer to test inter-rater reliability. Reliability and validity of the instrument were tested by calculating the Cronbach α and Guttman split-half coefficients and by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, kappa agreement coefficient determination and assessment of sensitivity and specificity of the scale.Results: A cohort of 111 subjects, 84 BPD patients (33.6 ± 9.3 years) and 27 control subjects (34.9 ± 9.3 years), were included in the study. A cut-off point ≥ 7 showed a kappa agreement coefficient of 0.853 (95% confidence intervals: 0.739–0.967, p < 0.00001). The figures for sensitivity and specificity values were 0.964 (0.899–0.993) and 0.889 (0.708–0.977) respectively. Inter-rater reliability showed a kappa coefficient of 0.783 ( p < 0.0001).Conclusion: The Spanish version of the DIB‐R showed adequate psychometric properties for diagnosing BPD in Spain.