Guttman Scale Research Articles

Set-theoretical and Combinatorial Instruments for Problem Space Analysis in Adaptive Serious Games

The Computerized Adaptive Practice (CAP) system describes a set of algorithms for assessing player’s expertise and difficulties of in-game problems and for adapting the latter to the former. However, an effective use of CAP requires that in-game problems are designed carefully and refined over time to avoid possible barriers to learning. This study proposes a methodology and three different instruments for analyzing the problem set in CAP-enabled games. The instruments include the Guttman scale, a ranked order, and a Hasse diagram that offer analysis at different levels of granularity and complexity. The methodology proposes to use quantified difficulty measures to infer topology of the problem set. It is well-suited for serious games that emphasize practice and repetitive play. The emphasis is put on the simplicity of use and visualization of the problem space to maximally support teachers and game developers in designing and refining CAP-enabled games. Two case studies demonstrate practical applications of the proposed instruments on empirical data. Future research directions are proposed to address potential drawbacks.

Management Measurement Scale As A Reference To Determine Interval In A Variable

The scale is usually used to check and determine the value of a qualitative factor in quantitative measures. The measurement scale is a management in agreement that is used as a reference to determine the short length of the interval that is in the measuring instrument, so that the measuring instrument when used in measurements will produce quantitative data. The results of the scale management calculation must be interpreted carefully because in addition to producing a rough picture, the respondent's answers are not just straightforward to be trusted. Types of measurement scales: Likert scale, Guttman scale, semantic differential scale, rating scale, Thurstone scale, Borgadus scale, and various other measurement management scales. One of the most difficult jobs for information technology researchers faced with the necessity of measuring variables is: finding directions in the midst of many existing sizes. If there is a good size for a particular variable, it seems that there are not many reasons to compile a new size yourself.
 Keywords: Scale, Measurement, Variables.

Elderly and caregiver demand: proposal for a care need classification.

To propose a care need classification for elderly people by identifying their functional demands. Cross-sectional study carried out in São Paulo, in 2006, with 1,413 elderly (≥ 60 years old), participants in the Health, Well-being and Aging study (SABE - Saúde, Bem Estar e Envelhecimento). For the care need classification, we used the Guttman Scaling method e the frequency of assistance required by the elderly. The hierarchy of activities of daily living had good internal consistency (α = 0.92) and satisfactory coefficients of reproducibility (98%), scalability (84%) and minimum marginal reproducibility (87%). Care need was categorized into: no need (requires no caregiver), minimum need (requires caregiver sporadically), moderate need (requires caregiver intermittently) and maximum need (requires full-time caregiver). This classification will allow identifying elderly that need assistance in everyday activities and will orientante health professionals in the development of a line of care.

Performance pattern of activities of daily living for older adults in the city of São Paulo in 2000, 2006, and 2010.

Functionality in aging is associated with the autonomy and independence of older people. To identify and hierarchize the difficulties reported by older adults in performing activities of daily living. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, household-based study that used the Health, Well-being, and Aging Study (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento - SABE) database of 2000, 2006, and 2010. We evaluated the functionality using reports on the difficulty in performing basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL and IADL, respectively). The Guttman scaling assessed the hierarchy of functional impairment. The prevalence of reported difficulty in performing one or more IADLs was 35.4, 45.8, and 41.0%; while for ADLs, it was 16.3, 13.3, and 17.5%, in 2000, 2006, and 2010, respectively. In ten years of follow-up, the variability in prevalence among women ranged from 42.3 to 54.6% for IADL impairment, and 17.0 to 20.4% for ADL. For men, it varied from 25.6 to 33.1% for IADL impairment, and 8.0 to 13.7% for ADL. In the three waves, the activities with the highest reported difficulty were using transportation, performing heavy tasks, and managing finances, while feeding was the least prevalent. The prevalence of functional impairment increased in ten years, with higher variability among women and with advancing age. These results contribute to the planning of services and adequate distribution of existing resources as they reveal the needs and care required.

Perbedaan Coping Stress Penderita Kanker Ditinjau Dari Jenis Kelamin Di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan

<h1>Coping stress is an individual effort to reduce, tolerate, or overcome the stress caused by a source that is considered to burden the individual. This study aims to see differences in coping stress of cancer patients of men and women in RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Assuming that women's coping stress is higher than men, which means women are more able to clutch than men. The subjects of this study were patients with stage 3 and 4 cancer who underwent inpatient at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. This research is based on Guttman scale method which consists of 2 coping stress strategies that are problem focused coping and emotion focused coping. The data analysis technique used in this research used 1 lane variance analysis with F = 12,087 and coefisisen significant 0,002(p <0,05) . Based on the results of data analysis performed, then obtained the result that there are differences in coping stress male and female cancer, where, coping stress in men with cancer is in the low category, because the hypothetical mean 30 is greater than the empirical mean (28.7333) where the difference is less SD value (10,738). While coping stress in women with cancer is in the high category, because the hypothetical mean (30) is less than the empirical mean (57,333), where the difference exceeds the SD (8,208). This means that the phenomenon seen by the researchers in accordance with the data obtained during conducting research, which from this research is known that coping stress in women with cancer expressed high. This means the proposed hypothesis reads that there is a difference in coping stress in male and female cancer patients with the assumption that women are more able to clutch than men are accepted.</h1>

Pengenalan Permainan Tradisional GOTENG (Gobak Sodor dan Bentengan) untuk Membangun Karakter Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas Atas

This study aims to produce a traditional game model as character building a physical education learning of elementary school students which is decent, effective and appropriate. The simple game model is expected to be able to develop affective, cognitive and psychomotor domains, and can be used by teachers in implementing the learning activitiesespecially physical education. This research was carried out by adapting the steps of research development Borgand Gall (2007: 580-581), which is modified into 8 step implementation of research
 which includes: (1) the collection of information (2) analysis of the information gathered (3) developing the initial product, (4) validation by experts and revision (5) small-scale field trials and revision (6) large-scale field trials and revisions (7) the manufacture of final products, and (8) test the effectiveness of the product. Small-scale trials were conducted to 20 students in SD Nsiramanan 3. A large trial was conducted to 22 students in SDN Kesamben 5 and 22 students in SDN Babadan 1. The instrument used to collect data were observation guide (observation), interviews, field notes, scale values, assessment sheets of effectiveness test and assessment of learning outcomes. Guttman Scale Data Analysis technique was used to analyze the data. The result of the research is a simple game model consisting models of the game, namely: Goteng (Gobak sodor dan bentengan). Model games are arranged in the form of manuals and DVDs with the title “knowledge as traditional game”. Based on the results of expert assessment of materials and trainers it can be concluded that the traditional game model as character building in physical educational learning for the elementary school students is able to develop affective, cognitive and psychomotor domains.

Profil Komunikasi Antarbudaya Mahasiswa Bimbingan dan Konseling

Communication is an essential tool for humans in fulfil the necessities of life and to attain the purpose of it. Communication and culture are two things that can not be separated like two sides of a coin. Studying communication means learn the culture, and viceversa. The purpose if this research to describe the profile of intercultural communication to students. The instrument that used was the inventory Guttman scale. Respondents of this research are students of IKIP PGRI Pontianak from every level of I, III, and V semester, with the total number of respondents are 66 people. The results showed in generally that the profile of intercultural communication among students has been good, where the cognitive, affective and psychomotor of student in every level of semester and ethnic are not much different. Hopefully this research can bethe foundation ofthe development of communication skills counseling on student guidance and counseling. Proper communication will bring success in relationship counseling for counselors and clients who come from different cultures.

ANALISIS DAN FORMULASI STRATEGI KETERSEDIAAN AIR BERSIH DI LOKASI TRANSMIGRASI (STUDI KASUS: KACAMATAN LASALIMU SELATAN KABUPATEN BUTON)

The clean water is not always a big city’s issue. A sub-district of South Lasalimu is an example of how a clean water problem exists due to natural factor. This research work aims to assess the availability of water clean sources in a transmigration area. The based on this assessment a strategy for clean water management in the area is formulated. This research used methods of water quality analysis, Guttman scale, requirement analysis, water quantity analysis, and SWOT analysis. The research identified that water resources available in the area consist of well water, water river, and rainwater. The daily need of clean water per person was is identified as 59 Liter, so all local residents in the area require approx. 15,656 m 3 /year. It is necessarily important to manage water resources in order to fulfill the need of clean water. An alternative for clean water management is by utilizing rain water to secure the clean water supply. With the rainfall of about 3,681 mm/year, there would be 18,405 m 3 /year of clean water can be collected from the rain. There are several steps to utilize the rain water through retention basin, filtration, and gravity distribution. This research also delivers an alternative strategy for an effective water resources management which used an opportunity to minimize weakness (W-O strategy), with primary priority to ask for government support in their capacity and capability (authority) to manage water resources.

3D Dentobox (Dental Explosion Box 3D) as education media for children caries prevention

Introduction: The most common dental and oral health problem in the world is dental caries. In Indonesia, as many as 89% of children under 12 years old suffered from dental and oral disease. Lack of dental knowledge and awareness can be overcome by conducting intensive dental and health education to the community. 3D Dentobox is a simple three-dimensional game designed to deliver dental and oral health messages, including dental hygiene, ways to overcome dental health problems and some dental games. 3D Dentobox is an educational media prevention of caries in children. Methods: The method used was Quasi experiment with the type of pretest and posttest control group design. The sample of this study was 30 children aged 9-12 years old. The research subjects filled out a questionnaire containing information on the level of knowledge, attitudes, and actions in caries prevention efforts followed by outreaching to the media and 3D props Dentobox and was given back the same questionnaire to be filled. Data were collected and evaluated using Guttman scale and was analyzed by paired T test. Results: The results showed that the average level of knowledge, changing attitudes, and actions before and after use 3D Dentobox increased significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: 3D Dentobox can be used as a media of education to prevent dental caries in children.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR PENYEBAB TERJADINYA HIPERTENSI DI RUMAH SAKIT PTPN BANGKATAN BINJAI TAHUN 2017

Hypertension is a condition in which a person who experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal is indicated by a systolic number (upper part) and a lower diastolic number on a blood pressure examination using a measuring device (sphygmomanometer). The relative factors of hypertension depend on the number and severity of the risk factors that can be controlled and the factors that cannot be controlled, which is the reason the researchers made a study with the names of the causes of hypertension in PT Departure II Bangkat Binjai Hospital. This study aims to determine the causes of hypertension in PTPN Bangkatan Binjai Hospital. Data analysis uses variate analysis (descriptive) using the Guttman scale measurement scale. For the problem of the characteristics of respondents based on occupation, the majority of respondents have jobs of PTPN employees totaling 9 people (30%), based on offspring who are not dominant so influenced by the number of 18 people (60%), based on age which shows the most age who suffer from hypertension aged 51-55 years, amounting to 11 people (37%), and based on sex, the men suffered the most hypertension, amounting to 16 people (53%), based on the highest level of education, namely high school education as many as 13 people (43% ), and based on salt intake there are 17 people (57%), based on smoking habits the same results as those who do not smoke. So, it can be concluded that there are factors that cause hypertension. So it is expected for respondents to improve their lifestyle and avoid the trigger factors of hypotension, and it is expected that nurses in PT Bangkat Binjai Hospital also provide health promotion to patients on ways to avoid hypertension, and it is hoped that later writers can use this scientific paper as a guide and reference in making scientific papers.Keywords: Hypertension, Dystolic, Systolic

Bullying Behaviour of Adolescents Based on Gender, Gang and Family

Introduction: Bullying is a social problem which is part of aggressive violent behaviour done continuously and have negative impact to victims and its subject and happened at school. This study aimed to know the description of knowledge and adolescents behavior about bullying based on their age, gang, and family.Methods: This study used analytic descriptive design with number of sample was 246 adolescents from grade 1, 2, 3 of senior high school which used stratified random sampling. Instruments of this study were knowledge questioner, and modified of The Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire in guttman and likert scale. Data analysis used cross tabulation.Results: Data show that adolescents have a good knowledge (93.9%) and less (6.1%). Bullying subjects were 93.9% and victims 94.7%. Forms of verbal bullying indicated the subjects (93.1%) and victims (92.3%). Bullying subjects majority occurred in males (94.1%) and women become victims (96.3%). Numbers of bullying subjects do not have a gang (94.5%), while those with gang as victims (95.2%). There were five adolescents who live in stepfamilies become subjects and victims of bullying.Conclusion: The majority of adolescents have good knowledge about bullying, bullying form the vast majority were verbal bullying with subjects and victims of bullying who occurs in all classes. The majority of bullying subjects do not have a gang, and as the majority of victims have a gang. Almost all adolescents with different family types become subjects and victims of bullying. Therefore, an intensive educational effort and spiritual needs to be done to change the behavior of adolescents to be adolescents with well character.

KAJIAN RUANG TERBUKA UNTUK PELESTARIAN KHAZANAH PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DI KOTA BOGOR, JAWA BARAT

The decreasing of open space inflicts some negative impacts in urban areas. One of them is the loss of children playground. Open space with its various elements is needed to stimulate positive responses in children growth and development, also it is important as a space for playing traditional games which has a lot of values of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. This study was conducted in Bogor City which included six districts. There were four objectives of this study, namely to review the existence of open space in Bogor, to identify the various traditional games in Bogor, to measure children’s knowledge and perception against traditional games, and to construct recommendation for traditional game preservation. The method of this study consisted of data collection, processing, analysis, and recommendation construction. Questionnaire method in Guttman scale and paired comparison model were used in primary data collection. Data processing used MS.excel and SPSS 16.0 software to define the connection between open space and children play perception. The result shows that the existence of open space presently has neither attracted children interest in playing outside nor playing traditional games yet. Landscape design for children playground that comprise of a field and some elements which can take children’s interest to play outside and enjoy with traditional games, will be required, in addition to preserve cultural treasures with other socialization and educational programs.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI TERJADINYA INSOMNIA PADA LANSIA DI SAMANHUDI KELURAHAN ESTATE KECAMATAN BINJAI SELATAN TAHUN 2016

Aging is normal, with physical changes and predictable behavior that occurs in all people when they reach the age of a certain stage of chronological development. Sampling in this study using total sampling was done by taking samples or respondents who happened to be in Di Samanhudi Estate Village, South Binjai District. as many as 30 people. In this paper the author uses questionnaire / questionnaire data collection with Guttman scale. The results of the study from 30 respondents aged 60-65 years as many as 12 people (40%), 66-70 years as many as 10 people (33%), 71-75 years as many as 8 people (27%), from 30 respondents with elementary education as 16 people (53%), SMP as many as 7 people (23%), SMA as many as 5 people (17%), colleges as many as 2 people (7%), from 30 respondents the factors that cause insomnia based on psychological factors as many as 12 people (40% ) based on psychiatric problems as many as 2 people (7%) based on physical illness as many as 3 people (10%) based on environmental factors as many as 2 people (7%) based on lifestyle of 2 people (7%) based on excessive napping of 9 people (30 %). It is hoped that the elderly will develop the habit of sleeping at night and try to reduce stress and depression, exercise or exercise every day to create a healthy body and soul, not smoke and drink alcohol, or coffee at night, regular health checks especially near the nearest health, hopefully it can reduce and lower the rate of increase in insomnia in the elderly.Keywords: Factors that affect insomnia in the elderly

Guttman Scale Analysis and Its Use to Explain Cultural Evolution and Social Change

Guttman scale analysis is a very useful tool to understand the evolution of societies. It shows the accumulation of cultural traits throughout history in various societies and that those cultural traits were usually accumulated in the same order. The results of studies, by Robert Carneiro and others, shows the accumulation of cultural traits is not random and indicates a universal pattern in cultural evolution. The universal pattern is caused by increasing human knowledge of the environment we live in. Human societies usually acquire this knowledge in the same order, with easier discoveries concerning the natural world being made earlier than more complex discoveries. This means human social and cultural history, usually follows a particular course, a course that is determined by the structure of the human environment.

Realizing a Rasch measurement through instructionally- sequenced domains of test items.

This paper presents results from a project in which instructionally-sequenced domains were defined for purposes of constructing measures that that conform to an ideal in Guttman scaling and Rasch measurement. A fundamental idea in these measurement systems is that every person higher on the measurement scale can do everything that lower-level persons can do, plus at least one more thing. This idea has had limited application in educational measurement due to the stochastic nature of item response data and the sheer number of items needed to obtain reliable measures. However, it has been shown by Schulz, Lee, and Mullen [1] that this ideal can be can be realized at a higher level of abstraction – when items within a content strand are aggregated into a small number of domains that are ordered in instructional timing and difficulty. The present paper shows how this was done, and the results, in an achievement level setting project for the 2007 Grade 12 NAEP Economics Assessment.

A Guttman Scale to Assess Knowledge About Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adults with Cerebral Palsy

Sexuality issues are a core aspect of human development and still remain a challenging theme for professionals working with people with disabilities. Health literacy, which includes the individual knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), is a factor with influence in safe behaviors regarding own sexual living and It assessment is often neglected in services for adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The purpose of this study was to develop a simple, easily administered scale to assess the knowledge about STDs for adults with CP, in Portugal. Forty-two participants (28 men, 14 women), aged 18–53 years, with CP were interviewed with a structured questionnaire about sexuality knowledge, where questions about STDs were used as basis for Guttman scale development. From the eighteen items of the questionnaire, 10 were considered as related to STD and a valid Guttman scale containing 8 items was derived (CR = 0.92, MMR = 0.80, CS = 0.61). The median score of the summed items from the developed scale was 6 (IQ1–IQ3 = 5.0–8.0) and the range of correct answers was between 3 and 8. The proportion of correct answers to each question ranged between 97.6 and 47.6 %. The results of this study suggest that it is possible to combine questions that represent diverse aspects of STDs knowledge in an ordered scale and be used in an assessment, including self-administered tools, of adults of CP. This measure is time effective and can be used in with advantages both for health professionals and persons with CP.

Risk assessment of digital library information security: a case study

Purpose This paper uses the GB/T20984-2007 multiplicative method to assess the information security risk of a typical digital library in compliance with the principle and thought of ISO 27000. The purpose of this paper is to testify the feasibility of this method and provide suggestions for improving information security of the digital library. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts convenience sampling to select respondents. The assessment of assets is through analyzing digital library-related business and function through a questionnaire which collects data to determine asset types and the importance of asset attributes. The five-point Likert scale questionnaire method is used to identify the threat possibility and its influence on the assets. The 12 respondents include directors and senior network technicians from the editorial department, comic library, children’s library, counseling department and the learning promotion centre. Three different Guttman scale questionnaires, tool testing and on-site inspection are combined to identify and assess vulnerabilities. There were different Guttman scale questionnaires for management personnel, technical personnel and general librarian. In all, 15 management librarians, 7 technical librarians and 72 ordinary librarians answered the vulnerability questionnaire. On-site inspection was conducted on the basis of 11 control domains of ISO 27002. Vulnerabilities were scanned using remote security evaluation system NSFOCUS. The scanning covered ten IP sections and a total of 81 hosts. Findings Overall, 2,792 risk scores were obtained. Among them, 282 items (accounting for 10.1 per cent of the total) reached the high risk level; 2 (0.1 per cent) reached the very high risk level. High-risk items involved 26 threat types (accounting for 44.1 per cent of all threat types) and 13 vulnerability types (accounting for 22.1 per cent of all vulnerability types). The evaluation revealed that this digital library faces seven major hidden dangers in information security. The assessment results were well accepted by staff members of this digital library, which testified to the applicability of this method to a Chinese digital library. Research limitations/implications This paper is only a case study of a typical Chinese digital library using a digital library information security assessment method. More case-based explorations are necessary to prove the feasibility of the assessing strategy proposed in this study. Originality/value Based on the findings of recent literature, the authors found that very few researchers have made efforts to develop methods for calculating the indicators for digital library information security risk assessment. On the basis of ISO 27000 and other related information security standards, this case study proposed an operable method of digital library information security risk assessment and used it to assess a the information security of a typical Chinese digital library. This study can offer insights for formulating a digital library information security risk assessment scale.

PEMBANGKITAN WARNA ANGKA TOKEK DENGAN METODE LINIER CONGRUEN METHOD (LCM)

Color blindness is an abnormality in terms of seeing certain colors that occur as a result of demage to come cells (cone cells) in the retina of the eye, so that people with color blindness can be hard to catch a certaincolor spectrum. People suffering from color blindness would have difficulty distinguishing certain shades can not even see certain colors. Developed by Dr. Ishihara test Shinobu Ishihara in 1917, until now the Ishihara test methods still be one of the main option in almost all countries to identify someone who had color blindess. In the figure gecko color generation system with linear method congruen method (lcm) described the components of software and hardwer that is required in the manufacture of color generator application numbers congruen gecko with a linear congruen method (lcm). The determination of the initial value of the constant linear congruen method (lcm) into the determination of the color composition result generated randomly. System testing and completion of a questionnaire completed by Guttman and Likert scale. Diman on functional testing system results obtained with Guttman scale 100% yes that users can guess the number that appears on the color generation process. And the interface testing diselesaika with Likert scale with 85% strongly agree result the system has a 94% look attractive and easy to use system.

PERBEDAAN KESADARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN NIAT BELI KOSMETIK RAMAH LINGKUNGAN ANTARA ANGGOTA DAN BUKAN ANGGOTA KOMUNITAS SOBAT BUMI INDONESIA

ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze and discuss differences and relations between environmental awareness and purchase intention on environmentally green cosmetic for members and non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community. The design used in this study was Pre Experimental Design. In this design, there are two groups of respondents. The First is member of sobat bumi indonesia community who received tratment of environmental awareness. The second is non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community who didn’t received said treatments. The samples taken were 100 people using the Quota sampling. This study used two kinds of questionnaires. The first is online questionnaire which were conducted by distributing questionaries to the LINE group of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community members. The second is direct questionnaire for non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia. The scale used for environmental awareness variable was Guttman scale, while the rating scale was used to get a clear answer to purchase intentions variable. The instrument used was a questionnaire and were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Research shows that there are differences in environmental awareness and purchase intention among members and non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community. The rank used in correlation analysis was Spearman rank. The correlation results show a low correlation to the members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community and no correlation at all to non members of Sobat Bumi Indonesia community.

Manipulation complexity in primates coevolved with brain size and terrestriality.

Humans occupy by far the most complex foraging niche of all mammals, built around sophisticated technology, and at the same time exhibit unusually large brains. To examine the evolutionary processes underlying these features, we investigated how manipulation complexity is related to brain size, cognitive test performance, terrestriality, and diet quality in a sample of 36 non-human primate species. We categorized manipulation bouts in food-related contexts into unimanual and bimanual actions, and asynchronous or synchronous hand and finger use, and established levels of manipulative complexity using Guttman scaling. Manipulation categories followed a cumulative ranking. They were particularly high in species that use cognitively challenging food acquisition techniques, such as extractive foraging and tool use. Manipulation complexity was also consistently positively correlated with brain size and cognitive test performance. Terrestriality had a positive effect on this relationship, but diet quality did not affect it. Unlike a previous study on carnivores, we found that, among primates, brain size and complex manipulations to acquire food underwent correlated evolution, which may have been influenced by terrestriality. Accordingly, our results support the idea of an evolutionary feedback loop between manipulation complexity and cognition in the human lineage, which may have been enhanced by increasingly terrestrial habits.