Gutta-percha Research Articles

The ability of different compositions of calcium silicate and epoxy sealers to withstand gutta percha removal via in vitro pull-out testing

Objectiveexamination of the influence of chemical composition changes on the ability of sealers to withstand a pull-out test.Materials and methodsFifty distal or palatal canals of extracted teeth were prepared by Dc Taper files. The teeth were divided into five groups: AH Plus, BJM RCS, Total Fill BC,AH Plus Bioceramic and a group with Gutta Percha with no sealer added. Ten days after obturation, each cone was subjected to the “pull-out test” with the Shimadzo Universal Testing Machine until it was torn or removed from the canal. A force to Stroke graph was generated and the maximum vertex of this graph was recorded. The number of times the cone was torn or removed was recorded.ResultsThe amount of force needed to remove or rupture the cone was significantly higher in all sealer groups compared to the AH Plus Bioceramic group. The force needed for the AH Plus group was double that needed for the AH Plus Bioceramic group 4 (1.87 ± 0.53 N vs 0.93 ± 0.48 N, respectively, P < 0.001). All of the cones (n = 10) in the AH Plus Bio Ceramic Sealer group were removed in their entirety (P = 0.01 compared to each of the other groups).ConclusionsThe addition of macromolecules to epoxy sealer does not change the material’s ability to withstand the pull-out test. Decreasing the amount of tri- and di-calcium silicate compounds combined with increasing amounts of zirconium oxide in a Bioceramic sealer significantly decreased the material’s ability to withstand the pull-out test.

Comparative Evaluation of Solite RS3 and HyFlex Remover Retreatment Files in Conserving Remaining Dentin Thickness During Endodontic Retreatment Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: An In Vitro Analysis.

Introduction Non-surgical retreatment is seen as a conservative choice for dealing with recurrent infections, instead of opting for periapical surgery. The retreatment processes should be promptly and efficiently carried out, utilizing a suitable armamentarium. The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the quantity of root dentin that remains following the removal of gutta-percha (GP) from the root canal employing two distinct retreatment files. Materials and methods Sixty single-rooted teeth were selected for the examination. The process of shaping and cleaning was performed using the step-back approach, with a master apical file size of 40. The smear layer was effectively eliminated by rinsing with a solution of 3% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Paper points were employed to desiccate the canals. The obturation process involved the utilization of the lateral compaction technique with the AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Sirona, NC, USA). The teeth were classified into two groups: Group I (n=30) underwent retreatment using HyFlex Remover (Coletene India, Pvt., Ltd.), whereas Group II (n=30) received therapy with Solite RS3 retreatment files (Solite Dental in Chennai, India). The remaining dentin thickness (RDT) was assessed by cone beam computed tomography at levels 3, 6, and 9 mm from the cemento enamel junction after the removal of GP. The acquired data underwent examination using an independent t-test to determine statistical significance. Results The findings demonstrate that the utilization of Solite RS3 files led to a higher level of dentin thickness remaining at 3 mm, 6 mm, and 9 mm on the mesial side in comparison to HyFlex Remover retreatment files. The observed difference was found to be statistically significant at a significance level of p<0.05 on the mesial side. Nevertheless, there was no notable disparity seen between the two file types at these three levels on the distal side (p>0.05). Conclusion Based on the obtained results of the study, it can be concluded that Solite RS3 files show promise in preserving the RDT. However, further studies encompassing diverse parameters are needed to establish a conclusive and definitive conclusion.

Assessment of dental students’ knowledge and performance of master gutta-percha cone selection and fitting during root canal treatment: a pilot study

BackgroundMisconceptions should be detected early in dental students’ training to improve their clinical performance. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess undergraduate dental students’ knowledge and performance of master gutta-percha (GP) cone selection and fitting during clinical endodontic courses at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University.MethodsNinety-nine undergraduate dental students completed an online survey about their knowledge of master GP cone selection. Forty-five of these students were observed by faculty members in clinical endodontic courses while they fitted master GP cones during root canal treatments. The observers recorded the details of each student’s cone-fitting techniques. The data were analysed using t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and chi-square tests (p < 0.05). Inter- and intra-observer reliability were tested using Fliess’ Kappa.Results SurveyAll participants had good knowledge of over-extended cone management, while 80.8% knew how to properly manage a short cone. The proper flaring assessment method was selected by 86.9% of the female and 34.2% of the male students, and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0001).ObservationThe students labelled the working length on the master GP cone with an indentation in 64.4% of the cases and by bending the cone 35.6% of the time. Of all students, 84.4% encountered an apical stop, and this rate correlated significantly with the length of the cone on the master apical cone radiograph (p = 0.001). Improper shaping of the canal was the most common cause of ill-fitting cones (83.3%), while 16.7% of the students chose the wrong cone size. The final obturation length was adequate in 80% of the cases; 57.8% of the students were helped by instructors.ConclusionsMost students had the basic knowledge required to solve problems related to the selection of master GP cones. However, in the clinical setting, more than half of the students required the assistance of an instructor to adjust their cone’s fit. The presence of an apical stop had the most significant effect on the length of the fitted master GP cone on radiography. The most common cause of ill-fitting master cones was improper shaping of the canal.

Radiographic assessment of dental post and core placement at different educational levels in an undergraduate student clinic: a 4-year retrospective study.

Dental post and core is one of the common procedures performed after endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to radiographically assess the quality of post and core procedures performed by dental students at different education levels in addition to determining the most critical errors encountered during their clinical practice. A retrospective cross-sectional study design was conducted in the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. A total of 550 periapical radiographs (PAs) of cemented posts were retrieved from the records of patients treated by dental students. Parameters and guidelines for assessing the quality of post treatment have been determined and statistically analyzed. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study included 502 students and most of them were females (66.5%). Data were obtained from 502 patients (62% females) with fiber posts used in 98.2% of the cases. About 50% of the posts were inserted in premolars, 62.9% in the upper arch, and 66.7% were restored with crowns as a final restoration. Regarding the quality of posts, 98.4% showed good preparation quality and 98% showed good radiographic quality. The post diameter was equal to 1/3 of the root diameter in 31.9% of the cases; post length was equal to 2/3 of root length in 5% of the cases and equal to or more than crown height in all cases (100%). Length of the remaining gutta percha (GP) was between 3-5 mm in 38.8%, and there was no gap between the post and remaining GP in 95.6% of the cases. There were no statistically significant differences between dental students at different clinical educational levels regarding the quality of post placement. The quality of post and core procedures performed by students showed acceptable radiographic quality and were within the recommended standards.

Management of Separated Endodontic Instrument in Mandibular Second Molar with Bypass Technique

One of the most common mishaps in root canal treatment is a separated endodontic instrument. Bypass technique is an effective alternative besides file retrieval while clinical conditions have lack of access and visibility. Other than, this technique gives a more conservative outcome because it prevents more dentin removal. The aim of this case report was to describe management of separated endodontic instruments in the mandibular second molar with bypass technique during endodontic treatment. A 3,5 mm F1 ProTaper Hand Use file was separated in the mesiobuccal canal of the mandibular second molar. Radiograph examination was taken to make sure the level of fragment. Bypass was performed with #10 until #25 K-File to pass the separated instrument through the gap between it and the root canal wall. Obturation has been done with gutta percha and resin-based sealer using cold lateral condensation technique. Direct restoration was chosen as final restoration after 6 days follow up. Bypass technique can be performed as management of separated instrument considering the risks involved fragment extrusion to apical region, secondary separated instrument, and conservative aspect.

Root canal treatment of a rhizomegaly tooth 36 mm long right permanent maxillary canine – A case report

Permanent maxillary canines can have variable length even exceeding 31 mm. The present case report is about the root canal treatment of a permanent maxillary canine with an unusual length of 36 mm A 37-year old male patient has come to Dental centre, Cannanore suffering from decay on tooth #13 with extra-oral swelling corresponding to right cheek. Root canal treatment was completed, and the tooth was noticed to have an atypical length of 36 mm. A 31 mm long Hand protaper file was used to do cleaning and shaping and Gates glidden drills of sizes 2 &amp; 3 were used to enlarge the canal orifice to receive gutta percha during obturation.

Evaluation of stress distributions of calcium silicate-based root canal sealer in bulk or with main core material: A finite element analysis study.

This research aimed to assess the stress distribution in lower premolars that were obturated with BioRoot RCS or AH Plus, with or without gutta percha (GP), and subjected to vertical and oblique forces. One 3D geometric model of a mandibular second premolar was created using SolidWorks software. Eight different scenarios representing different root canal filling techniques, single cone technique with GP and bulk technique with sealer only with occlusal load directions were simulated as follows: Model 1 (BioRoot RCS sealer and GP under vertical load [VL]), Model 2 (BioRoot RCS sealer and GP under oblique load [OL]), Model 3 (AH Plus sealer with GP under VL), Model 4 (AH Plus sealer with GP under OL), Model 5 (BioRoot RCS sealer in bulk under VL), Model 6 (BioRoot RCS in bulk under OL), Model 7 (AH Plus sealer in bulk under VL), and Model 8 (AH Plus sealer in bulk under OL). A static load of 200 N was applied at three occlusal contact points, with a 45° angle from lingual to buccal. The von Mises stresses in root dentin were higher in cases where AH Plus was used compared to BioRoot RCS. Furthermore, shifting the load to an oblique direction resulted in increased stress levels. Replacing GP with sealer material had no effect on the dentin maximum von Mises stress in BioRoot RCS cases. Presence of a core material resulted in lower stress in dentin for AH Plus cases, however, it did not affect the stress levels in dentin for cases filled with BioRoot RCS. Stress distribution in the dentin under oblique direction was higher regardless of sealer or technique used.

Quality Assessment of Matching Single-Cone Obturation in Canals Shaped with Different NiTi Systems: A Micro-CT Study

This study is aimed to evaluate the compatibility of single-cone filling technique in reciprocal and rotationally formed canals in using Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography). The samples were split into two groups according to the kinematics system used. In both groups, one canal of the shaped roots was filled with the lateral compaction and the other one with a matched single-cone technique with a bioceramic root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS. The percentage of voids in the canal were evaluated by micro-CT radiograph before and after obturation. Regardless of the kinematics used, the single-cone technique left significantly fewer voids than the lateral compaction. In the kinematics comparison, the group shaped with the reciprocal system and filled with the single-cone system had the best results. The reciprocal nickel-titanium (NiTi) system with a matching single-cone gutta percha filling technique was found to be more effective in terms of reducing voids in root canal filling.

Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study.

The aim of this present study was to compare the dislodgement resistance of calcium silicate-based sealer, zinc oxide sealer, and a new sealer combining both zinc oxide and calcium silicate-based sealer in vitro. 60 single-rooted human teeth were instrumented with F3 Protaper Gold. All endodontic canals were filled using gutta percha cones using the cold lateral condensation technique in combination using one of the mentioned sealers (n = 20 per group). The teeth were divided into three groups: group A consisted of Sealite® Ultra, group B consisted of K-Sealer®, and group C consisted of BioRoot® RC. After 2 months of incubation (37°C, 100% humidity) and after cutting out 2 mm from the most apical portion of the root apex, six slices of 1 mm thickness were generated. Mechanical dislodgement resistance was examined using a universal pressure-testing machine and the push-out bond strength (POBS) was calculated. Specimens were examined under 20× magnification to define the bond failure mode. Statistical analysis was executed using ANOVA, post hoc Turkey test for pairwise comparisons and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The POBS of BioRoot® was significantly higher than the POBS of the two other sealers with a mean of 10.54 MPa ± 2.10 and 5.73 MPa ± 2.34, respectively (p < 0.001). Sealite® and K-Sealer® showed similar results in the median and coronal part. K-Sealer® revealed highest POBS compared with Sealite® in the apical part (p < 0.05). The POBS of the zinc oxide and calcium silicate-based sealer was significantly lower compared with calcium silicate. Sealite® and K-Sealer® exhibited almost same results. BioRoot showed the highest POBS of all sealers. The current study was needed to evaluate the bond strength of three different cements to dentinal walls, by evaluating their respective POBS in vitro. The findings of this study may provide guidance for the clinician in the selection of an adequate endodontic sealer that guarantees an enhanced adhesive seal between the Gutta-percha and the dentinal canal walls. How to cite this article: Makhlouf MP, El Helou JD, Zogheib CE, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of Three Different Root Canal Sealers: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):15-19.

Platelet rich fibrin and MTA in the treatment of teeth with open apices

BackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as the apical matrix for the placement of MTA in nonsurgical endodontic therapy for teeth with periapical lesions and open apices.MethodsTwelve teeth from eleven patients with periapical periodontitis and open apices were enrolled in the study. Nonsurgical endodontic therapy was performed with the PRF used as an apical barrier and the MTA manipulated as an apical plug for further thermoplasticized gutta percha in the remaining part of the root canal. Clinical signs and periapical digital radiographs were recorded and analyzed to evaluate the curing progress after periodical follow-ups of 1, 3, and 6 months. The horizontal dimension of the periapical lesion was determined, and the changes in the dimensions were recorded each time. The Friedman test was used for statistical analysis, with P < .05 serving as the threshold for determining statistical significance.ResultsAll patients had no clinical symptoms after the first month of treatment, with a significant reduction in the periapical lesion after periodical appointments.ConclusionsPRF is an effective barrier when combined with MTA for the treatment of teeth with periapical periodontitis and open apices.

Effect of various disinfectant solutions on the tensile strength of gutta-percha using the rapid sterilization technique.

Gutta-percha (GP) gets contaminated during handling. It becomes imperative to ensure GP is sterile before placement in root canal space. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the tensile strength of GP treated with four different disinfectant solutions: 3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), amla juice (AJ), Aloe vera (AV) juice, and pancha tulsi (PT). The study design was an in vitro study. Fifty GP cones with a size of 30 were procured from sealed packages in five different groups. Experimental groups were disinfected for 1 min with 3% NaOCl, AJ, AV, and PT except the control group. Tensile and Brinell Testing Machine is used to measure the tensile strengths of GP. Results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test. The mean tensile strength values for Groups A, B, C, D, and E are 9.49 Mpa, 13.33 Mpa, 12.58 Mpa, 12.69 MPa, and 13.56 MPa, respectively. In the herbal disinfectant group, such as AJ, AV, and PT, the tensile strength was not significantly altered, whereas in the 3% NaOCl group, it was reduced considerably. AJ, AV juice, and PT as a GP disinfectant do not alter the tensile strength of GP cones.

Radiographic Assessment of 121 Glass Fiber Post Procedures in 32 Patients Aged 21-60 Years Performed by 6th-Year Dental Students During the 2022-2023 Academic Year at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND The restoration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) and severely damaged teeth has been a concern of clinicians. Glass Fiber Post (GFPs) combine the strength of carbon fiber posts with the esthetic appearance of glass to resemble natural dentin during dental restoration procedures. This radiographical study assessed the GFP carried out by students enrolled in the Clinical Comprehensive Course at the College of Dentistry, Jazan University. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 32 patients treated by 18 6th-year dental students with 121 GFPs were assessed in this cross-sectional radiographic study. The assessment covered tooth type, arch, post-to-root width, length of post in relation to the crown and root lengths, amount of remaining gutta percha (GP), and gap between GP and post. Data were analyzed using SPSS, and associations between variables were determined using the chi-square test. RESULTS Maxillary teeth were the most frequently restored with posts (88.4%) with most being (58.7%) anterior teeth, and 50.4% of posts had widths that were one-third that of the root. The percentage of posts was twice (71.1%) or equal to (26.4%) the crown length, whereas two-thirds of the tested GFPs were >5 mm of the remaining GP. Significant differences were observed in location and position of teeth with post width, post length in relation to crown or root length, and amount of remaining GP, with P values of 0.018, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The assessed radiographs revealed that the performance of sixth year students in accomplishment GFP radiographically was satisfactory and within the values recommended in the literature.

Evaluating the Sealing Ability of MTA as a Root Canal Sealing Material

This study was to evaluate the potential of using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as a root canal sealing material via comparing its apical sealing ability with that of the most commonly used root canal sealer (Dorifill) zinc oxide based sealer , twenty-eight extracted human single rooted teeth were selected for use in this study . All teeth were prepared in standard manner using hand instruments, randomly divided into two groups of twelve teeth each and a control group of four teeth. Root canals in the two experimental groups were filled laterally condensed gutta percha and either MTA or zinc oxide based (Dorifill) sealer. After sealers had set, the root surfaces were coated with nail varnish except 1 mm at the apex of the root . Positive controls had no root filling and were coated with nail varnish in the same manner, while the negative controls were sealed only entirely with nail varnish. The teeth were immersed into 1% methylene blue dye for 72 hours. The teeth were cleared and the linear extent of dye penetration was measured with a stereomicroscope. Group (MTA) showed significantly less apical dye penetration than group 2 . Positive controls had total leak age and negative controls had no leakage. The study demonstrate that MTA provide an apical seal that is superior to that of zinc o xide based root canal sealer (Dorifill).

Effect of Different Disinfectant Solutions on the Properties of Gutta Percha Cones

The purposes of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium hypochlorite (SH) and chlorhexidine (CH) disinfectant solusions on surface texture and mechanical properties of gutta percha (GP) cones at different concentrations and time intervals. In this study, 190 GP cones size 100 were used. SH solutions at (1%, 2.5%, 5.25%) and CH solutions at (1%, 1.5%, 2%) were used for GP cones disinfection by submerging cones for (10 min, 15 min, 20 min) in each of the solutions to be tested, in which 10 cones were used for each disinfectant solution at every time interval, and 10 cones remain fresh as a control. Surface texture determined by stereomicroscope. Mechanical properties measured by digital universal testing machine. SH solutions at (2.5% and 5.25%) decrease tensile strength, increase modulus of elasticity, decrease percentage of elongation , and left a numerous pitting on GP cones after (10, 15, 20) minutes of disinfection which were significantly different from fresh control cones, 1% SH , and CH at (1%, 1.5%, 2%).Within the limitation s of this study, SH at 1% and CH at (1%, 1.5%, 2%) concentrati ons can be considered the most safe solutions for disinfection of GP cones.

In vitro comparative evaluation of apical leakage using a bioceramic sealer with three different obturating techniques: A glucose leakage model.

Bioceramic sealers have improved sealing ability by forming an interfacial apatite layer that chemically bonds the sealer and radicular dentin thus decrease apical leakage. This study aims to evaluate and compare the apical leakage of Cerafill RCS bioceramic sealer and gutta percha when used with three different obturating techniques. Thirty-four extracted single-rooted premolars were decoronated and prepared up to size F3. Then, the specimens were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups (n = 10) cold lateral obturation technique, warm vertical obturation technique, single-cone obturation technique, positive and negative control groups (n = 2), according to the obturation technique used along with a bioceramic sealer. To evaluate apical leakage, all specimens were mounted in a glucose leakage model and assessed at 7 and 14 days using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The results were subjected to ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA; followed by post hoc analysis using Bonferroni correction. Significant differences were found in the cumulative leakage of all the three experimental groups. Significantly higher leakage was found in groups obturated using single-cone obturation technique as compared to warm vertical compaction technique at both 7 and 14 days. Warm vertical compaction showed a better sealing result than single-cone obturation techniques at all observation periods.

Micro-CT determination of the porosity of two tricalcium silicate sealers applied using three obturation techniques.

Using X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), the aim of this study was to measure the porosity of two tricalcium silicate sealers (EndoSequence BC and NeoSealer Flo) applied using three obturation techniques (single-cone, warm-vertical, and cold-lateral) to six single-rooted human teeth. Six extracted, single-rooted human teeth were shaped with ProTaper Next rotary files and obturated with EndoSequence BC or NeoSealer Flo sealers and gutta-percha (GP) using one of the three techniques above. Micro-CT was used to map the full length of the canals. Deep learning cross-sectional segmentation was used to analyze image slices of the apical (0-2 mm) and coronal (14-16 mm from the apex) regions (n = 230-261 per tooth) for the areas of GP and sealer, as well as porosity. Median (%) with interquartile range of porosity were calculated , and the results were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. In the apical region, EndoSequence BC had significantly fewer pores than NeoSealer Flo with the single-cone obturation (% median-interquartile range, IQR: 0.00-1.62) and warm-vertical condensation (5.57-10.32) techniques, whereas in the coronal region, NeoSealer Flo had significantly fewer pores than EndoSequence BC with these two techniques (0.39-5.02) and (0.10-0.19), respectively. There was no significant difference in porosity between the two sealers for the cold-lateral condensation technique in both the apical and coronal regions. For optimal obturation, the choice of technique and sealer is critical.

Extrusion bond strength and disinfection of E. faecalis from canal dentin using synchronized microbubble photodynamic activation and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming.

This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial effectiveness of a new disinfection regimen Curcumin photosensitizer (CP), Synchronized Microbubble Photodynamic Activation (SYMPA), Photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), and its impact on the extrusion bond strength (EBS) of root filling material to canal dentin. Root canal treatments of sixty mandibular incisors were performed, and an overnight culture of E. faecalis was cultivated in the BHI medium. A volume of 1 mL was introduced into twenty root canals. All the samples were randomly allocated into 4 groups based on the irrigation used: -Group 1: 2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA (Control), Group 2: CP+17% EDTA, Group 3: SYMPA+17% EDTA, and Group 4: PIPS+17% EDTA. The viable bacterial count was estimated, and 15 specimens from each group were obturated, followed by sectioning in 1-mm thick slices. The EBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope at 40x magnification. Means and standard deviations (SD) of the survival rate of E. faecalis and EBS of root filling to the dentin were analyzed using ANOVA Tukey multiple comparison t-tests (p=0.05). Group 1 (2.5% NaOCl+17% EDTA) demonstrated the highest survival rate of E. faecalis. Group 3, in which SYMPA+17% EDTA was used to sterilize the canal, unveiled the lowest survival rate (1.55±0.11 CFU/mL). Similarly, the coronal section of Group 3 specimens (8.67±0.43MPa) demonstrated the highest EBS. However, an apical section of Group 1 samples (2.81±0.11MPa) displayed the lowest outcome of bond integrity. Intergroup comparison analysis revealed that Group 4 (PIPS+17% EDTA) and Group 2 (CP+17% EDTA) samples demonstrated comparable values of bond integrity and bacterial survival. Canal disinfection using the synchronized microbubble photodynamic activation (SYMPA) technique proved to be a promising alternative technique in decreasing the count of E. faecalis and improving extrusion bond strength of gutta percha to canal dentin.

“Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Custom Cast Post and Core, Pre-Fabricated Post and Core and CAD/CAM Fabricated Post and Core: An In-Vitro Study”

The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate fracture resistance of Custom Cast post and core, Pre-fabricated post and core and CAD/CAM fabricated post and core. Material and Methods: 60 transparent endoblocks with single root canal that simulated natural teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 endoblocks each. The working length of the root canal in the transparent endobloc was determined. The canals were prepared with K-file sizes 10,15 and 20 followed by Protaper Ni-Ti files (sizes S1, S2, F1 and F2); Dentsply by using the crown down technique to the full working length. Gutta percha was removed from the root canals with Peeso drills to a depth of 12 and post spaces were prepared in all groups with the special preparation drills of each system leaving 5mm of gutta percha in all specimens. For group 1, after root canal treatment of 20 samples, Prefabricated plastic burnout posts were coated with pattern resin and then inserted into the canal with slight pressure to take the canal impression which was further send for casting followed by using GC gold label glass ionomer resin for luting. For group 2, the Prefabricated EDELWEISS post and core were placed into the canal and the cement was allowed to set. For group 3 impression of the canal was made using pattern resin. The burnout post was scanned with a lab scanner and designing was done using the designing software. CAD-CAM fabricated post and core was placed into the canal and luted with the help of glass ionomer cement. Composite core fabrication was done and the specimens were secured in a universal load-testing machine at an angle of 1300 to the long axis of the tooth. Until fracture occurred, a compressive force was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The fracture loads were determined. Mean failure load for each group was recorded in N. Results: The mean fracture load of Group 1, was found to the maximum followed by Group 3 &amp; Group 2 samples, in decreasing order. Conclusion: The mean ......

Postoperative pain of single-visit endodontic treatment with gutta-percha versus MTA filling: a randomized superiority trial

BackgroundPostoperative pain has remained a challenge for clinicians. This randomized superiority trial compared the levels of postoperative pain following the use of gutta-percha (GP) and sealer or mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) as root canal filling materials in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.MethodsA total of 119 patients were initially evaluated in this two-arm, parallel-group, single-blind, superiority randomized trial. The inclusion criteria were participants aged 18–65 years with single-canal premolars diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The participants were finally divided into two groups using the permuted block randomization method. In the GP group (N = 46), the cleaned and shaped root canals were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, while in the MTA group (N = 48), the cleaned and shaped root canals were filled with an MTA apical filling and a coronal gutta-percha and sealer. Patient pain level was measured 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h postoperatively using a 10-point visual analog scale (VAS). The data were analyzed by the chi-square, independent t, Friedman, and Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsThe mean of VAS scores decreased significantly over time in both groups (P < 0.001). The mean VAS scores were significantly lower in the MTA filling group than in the other group (P < 0.05). Female patients reported higher VAS scores at 6- and 12-hour periods in both groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionMTA as a root canal filling material might be a valuable option for clinicians due to its low postoperative pain.Trial registrationThe trial protocol was registered at the Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20191104045331N1).

Ultrasound examination of various dental materials and foreign bodies

Purpose To provide information on the sonographic properties of different foreign bodies and dental materials to help with diagnosis. Materials &amp;amp; Methods The investigation contained 10 various dental materials and foreign bodies that were consisting of composite, glass ionomer cement, gutta percha, suture, wooden, stone, canal file, acrylic, alginate, and silicone impression material. The objects were embedded to chicken meat and imaged using ultrasonography (USG). Their visibility and posterior acoustic behaviors were evaluated by both hockey and linear transducers. The actual sizes of this objects and measured dimensions by transducers were compared. Results Only gutta percha could not be distinguished in chicken meat. No difference was observed between the measurements made with the hockey and linear transducers and the actual size. Conclusion USG is a useful method for detecting and measuring foreign bodies and dental materials in soft tissues.