Guidance Principle Research Articles

Research and Verification of Setting Value Coordination Method Considering the Responding Deviation of under Excitation Limit and Loss of Excitation Protection for Generator

The general principle of the matching between the under excitation limit and the loss of excitation protection has been extensively described, which mostly concentrated on the theory and method of converting them to the same power plane or impedance plane for verifying, but there is little literature of considering the influence of the action characteristics of the field device to the matching results for the setting value. In theory, the influence of parameter variation to the matching result is analyzed in detail. This paper proposed the matching testify principle based on the application operation deviation and expounds the adjustment method of setting value mismatch, which provides an effective guidance principle for power plants with verification and cooperation of under excitation limit and loss of excitation protection.

Are we creating ethical dilemmas where there are none?

This case study focuses on decision-making for minors who are permanently unconscious and dependent on life-sustaining therapies. Cases of this type often cause anguish and angst for health care providers and caregivers and can lead to mistrust, moral distress, and communication problems. After presenting a particular case, an ethical analysis is applied to determine whether there is an apparent course of action or an ethical dilemma. The ethical analysis focuses on the currently accepted guidance principle for surrogate decision-making for minors and applies them to the case. The conclusion drawn shows that the case was not, in fact, an ethical dilemma by definition and that there is a reasonable course of action to be taken.

Thermodynamic performance of cycle combined large temperature drop heat exchange process:Theoretical models and advanced process

High-temperature-drop heat exchange technology, which can be realized by the proper configuration of heat-driven heat pump cycles, is an important solution for the Large-scale District Heating project. Cycle combined heat exchange process model is a theoretical standard for the analysis of High-temperature-drop heat exchange process, the thermodynamic performance and the heat-work conversion relationship of the this kind of process need to be researched to approach the theoretical optimal heat exchange effect. In this paper, with the analytical method, the thermodynamic performance including the medium temperature variation, useful work transmission, operation efficiency and heat exchange effect. Various values of heat engine high-grade temperature, heat exchange efficiency and endo-irreversibility factor are considered to analyze their effects on the outlet temperature lift/drop. The quantity and location of the exergy destruction distribution is also researched. Moreover, the relation between the heat exchange effect and the distribution of the exergy loss is researched, by which the advanced process model is proposed. With re-distribution of the exergy destruction, the advanced process has a promoted heat exchange effect compared with the original one. The result and conclusion of the this paper will offer a guidance principle for the component configuration of the practical application.

Robust Neural Control for Dynamic Positioning Ships With the Optimum-Seeking Guidance

This paper deals with the optimum dynamic positioning control problem for marine ships in the presence of actuator gain uncertainties and unknown environmental disturbances. The proposed approach is formulated as two modules, i.e., the guidance part and the control part. By utilizing the improved extremum seeking algorithm, the optimum-seeking guidance is developed in this note to generate the reasonable heading guidance for dynamic positioning ships. The main purpose of this design is to ensure the closed-loop system running efficiently and environment-friendly in practice. Combined with the proposed guidance principle, a robust neural control algorithm is developed based on the dynamic surface control, neural networks, and the robust neural damping technique. In this algorithm, the strong couplings of state variables and the gain uncertainty of actuators are tackled, and the system uncertainties are compensated requiring less (or no) information of the hydrodynamic structure, the actuator model and the external disturbances. Considerable effort is made to guarantee the semiglobal uniform ultimate bounded stability by employing the Lyapunov theory. The advantages of the proposed control scheme could be summarized as two points. First, the control approach is with the properties of optimization and energy-saving, which is meaningful for applying the theoretical algorithm. Second, the pitch ratio of thrusters is selected as the control inputs of interest, which is measurable in the practical plant. These characteristics would facilitate the implementation of the algorithm in engineering. Two examples are provided to verify the performance of the proposed scheme.

Guidance principle of deep-hole cutting tools based on fluid wedge effect

The existing guidance principle of deep-hole cutting tools has been used for more than 200 years. A novel guidance principle of deep-hole cutting tools is proposed based on the fluid wedge effect. The novel guidance principle stems from hydrodynamic lubrication in journal bearings and can prevent deep-hole cutting tool deviation during machining. A novel wedge-shaped body is fixed to the drill tip and the shank. The wedge-shaped body and the wall of the deep hole form four wedge-shaped spaces, and the cutting oil is drawn into the four wedge-shaped spaces to form four wedge-shaped oil films. Pressure develops in the oil film, and the forces of the oil films force the wedge-shaped body together with the drill tip and the shank to be centered in the deep hole and to move along the axis of the deep hole. The resultant force of the oil films tends to rectify the deviation of the cutting tool, and the resultant force equals 228 N in one example. Analysis and calculation of the forces of the wedge-shaped oil films were conducted, and the force of each oil film was 128 N in another example. Experiments showed that the average straightness of the deep holes machined by the novel deep-hole cutting tools was less than that achieved using the existing cutting tool. The parameters of the wedge-shaped body influenced the force of the oil film and the straightness of the deep holes.

Indian Tribes and Agency Policy: When the Trust Doctrine Trumps the APA

In some instances, the Indian trust doctrine attaches to federal agency policy documents and renders them judicially enforceable, a situation this paper terms the guidance principle. This Principle is unique because it creates a narrow exception to the general exemption of nonlegislative rules from judicial enforcement under the Administrative Procedure Act. Therefore, under the Principle, federal common law — the Indian trust doctrine — sometimes trumps the APA. This paper examines the binding guidance principle's jurisprudence, and explores its origins, which courts have applied primarily to tribal consultation policies thus far. It then explains how and why the Principle may be ripe for expansion, as well as how it may prove a useful tool for Indian tribes to further their litigation goals outside of the consultation context. Accordingly, this paper explains how tribes might use the Principle to protect themselves from adverse agency action by holding agencies responsible for their guidance documents in court.

The Best Interest Standard: Same Name but Different Roles in Pediatric Bioethics and Child Rights Frameworks.

This article explores the intersection of pediatric bioethics and child rights by examining the best interest standard as it operates within the pediatric bioethics framework in the United States and the child rights framework based on the UN 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). While the "best interest of the child" standard is central to both pediatric bioethics and the child rights community, it operates only as a guidance principle, and not as an intervention principle, in decision-making within U.S. pediatric bioethics, whereas it operates as both a guidance and intervention principle in the child rights community. The differences in how the best interest standard is operationalized lead to different roles for the family, the state, and the minor in decision-making processes and outcomes. We examine the recent case of Charlie Gard to illustrate some of these differences.

Straight-line path following for asymmetric unmanned platform with disturbance estimation

The problem of straight-line path following for asymmetric unmanned platform exposed to unknown disturbances was addressed in this paper. The mathematical model of asymmetric unmanned platform was established and the inputs in sway and yaw directions were decoupled, which facilitated the establishment of control strategy of path following. The guidance law and the cross-track error were derived from the classical line-of-sight (LOS) guidance principle. And the equilibrium point of the cross-track error was proven to be uniformly semiglobally exponentially stable (USGES), which guaranteed the exponential convergence to zero. A new disturbance estimation law was developed by adding a linear item of the estimation error into the classical one, which improved the principle’s precision and sensitivity dramatically. The control strategy was developed based on the integrator backstepping technique and the new disturbance estimation law, which made the equilibrium system to be uniformly globally asymptotically stable (UGAS). Computer simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the estimation and control laws during straight-line path following for asymmetric unmanned platform in the presence of unknown disturbances.

Practical Robust Neural Path Following Control for Underactuated Marine Vessels with Actuators Uncertainties

AbstractThis note tackles the problem of path‐following control for underactuated ships with actuators uncertainties and unknown environmental disturbances. A novel dynamical virtual ship (DVS) guidance principle is initially developed to deal with the assumption that “the reference path could be generated by a virtual ship”, which is normal but not workable in the current literature. In addition, a practical robust control scheme is proposed using feedforward approximation, dynamic surface control, and robust neural damping techniques. In the algorithm, the strong couplings among state variables, underactuated characteristic and the actuators uncertainties are considered to guarantee semiglobal uniform ultimate boundedness of the closed‐loop system. The outstanding advantages are that the control law has a concise form and is easy to implement in practice.The control inputs of interest are two actuator‐steerable variables: the main engine speed and the rudder angle. Although the uncertainties are compensated by NNs, no adaptive parameters are derived for merits of the robust neural damping technique. Finally, the experiment has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, comparing with the LOS self‐tuning fuzzy control.

Study of Proportional Guidance Trajectory based on Guiding Principle

In missile guidance systems, classical proportional navigation law has been used most widely. But with the increasing of the maneuverability of the targets, the classical proportional navigation guidance law has been unable to meet the requirements of people on the ballistic parameters. So this paper will further study the algorithm error of guidance law. Based on the previous theoretical results and the working principle of aircraft in the homing guidance system, this paper studies a guidance trajectory guidance principle which based on the ratio, and has carried on the analysis and the simulation theory. And simulation accuracy analysis has been carried on with practical examples. The results show that the method is put forward to effectively reduce the guided ballistic calculation method of error.

Direct and indirect adaptive integral line‐of‐sight path‐following controllers for marine craft exposed to ocean currents

SummaryWe present a direct and an indirect nonlinear adaptive path‐following controller for marine craft based on a line‐of‐sight guidance principle used by ancient navigators. The control laws are implemented using hydro‐acoustic relative velocity measurements as opposed to absolute velocity measurements. For this purpose, a kinematic model for relative velocity in amplitude‐phase form is derived. The first contribution is an adaptive indirect controller based on a disturbance observer designed for estimation and compensation of ocean currents. The equilibrium points of the cross‐track and parameter estimation errors are proven to be globally κ exponentially stable. This guarantees that the estimated drift term converges to its true value exponentially. The observer is used in conjuncture with a control law to obtain asymptotic tracking and path following in the presence of ocean currents. The second contribution is a direct adaptive integral line‐of‐sight controller for path following. Global convergence of the cross‐track error is proven by using Barbălat's lemma, which ensures that the parameter estimation error is bounded. Both methods can be applied to the horizontal‐plane motion of surface vessels and autonomous underwater vehicles. An autonomous underwater vehicle case study is included to verify the results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Line-of-Sight Path Following for Dubins Paths With Adaptive Sideslip Compensation of Drift Forces

We present a nonlinear adaptive path following controller that compensates for drift forces through vehicle sideslip. Vehicle sideslip arises during path following when the vehicle is subject to drift forces caused by ocean currents, wind, and waves. The proposed algorithm is motivated by a line-of-sight (LOS) guidance principle used by ancient navigators, which is here extended to path following of Dubins paths. The unknown sideslip angle is treated as a constant parameter, which is estimated using an adaptation law. The equilibrium points of the cross-track and parameter estimation errors are proven to be uniformly semiglobally exponentially stable. This guarantees that the estimated sideslip angle converges to its true value exponentially. The adaptive control law is in fact an integral LOS controller for path following since the parameter adaptation law provides integral action. The proposed guidance law is intended for maneuvering in the horizontal-plane at given speeds and typical applications are marine craft, autonomous underwater vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles as well as other vehicles and crafts, where the goal is to follow a predefined parametrized curve without time constraints. Two vehicle cases studies are included to verify the theoretical results.

Studies on the reform of payment system of grass-roots health care institutions in China

The paper presented the payment system theory of the primary health care service in China, the current status of the health service system, and analyzed main challenges for the time being. Based on such studies, the authors made the following policy proposals. The first is adjustment of the fiscal payment method of the government to such institutions in line with the classification guidance principle; the second is to shift the payment method of primary public health services to the post payment of fee-for-service; the third is reform of the performance-based salary system to link payment to medical workers directly with the amount and quality of their services; the fourth is a set of result-oriented performance appraisal indicators, with rising proportion of performance pay; the fifth is to integrate the outpatient clinic fund covered by medical insurance and the primary public health service fund, into a capitation payment. Key words: Primary health care institutions; Payment system; Policy recommendations

A novel DVS guidance principle and robust adaptive path-following control for underactuated ships using low frequency gain-learning

Around the waypoint-based path-following control for marine ships, a novel dynamic virtual ship (DVS) guidance principle is developed to implement the assumption “the reference path is generated using a virtual ship”, which is critical for applying the current theoretical studies in practice. Taking two steerable variables as control inputs, the robust adaptive scheme is proposed by virtue of the robust neural damping and dynamic surface control (DSC) techniques. The derived controller is with the advantages of concise structure and being easy-to-implement for its burdensome superiority. Furthermore, the low frequency learning method improves the applicability of the algorithm. Finally, the comparison experiments with the line-of-sight (LOS) based fuzzy scheme are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our results.

Design of Fuzzy Neural Network Guidance Law Based on TakagiSugeno for UAV

Guidance of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in three-dimensional space was studied in this paper. We designed a three-dimensional fuzzy neural network guidance law with the fuzzy rules of Takagi-Sugeno that based on proportional guidance principle and put the characteristics of the fuzzy neural network control into use. We decomposed the 3-D tracking trajectory into two two-dimensional planes and guided respectively, and took the influence of target mobility for guidance trajectory into consider. The design of guidance law was using the principle of proportional guidance, based on the Takagi-Sugeno type fuzzy inference, we took horizontal line of approaching velocity of missile-to-target, vertical line of sight angle velocity and sight angle velocity as inputs of fuzzy neural network, and yaw and pitch acceleration commands of UAV are the outputs, then we simulated the seeker tracking process against the target doing uniform motion in a straight line, curve movement and uniform circular motion respectively for UAV. Verified by simulation in this paper, the effect of the design of guidance law is ideal, and the proposed law is superior to the others and has good effect in response to the maneuvering target, and guidance trajectory is smoother.

Responsibility and the Negligence Standard

I identify a sense of 'responsibility' by which X is responsible foring iff X'sing was related to his capacities of rational agency in an appropriate way. I argue that the Guidance Principle (roughly: we are responsible for actions guided by our powers of rational agency when they are performed for, what we believe to be, an adequate reason, and their performance is controlled and guided by our beliefs about what reasons we have) provides a sufficient condition for responsibility, but that responsibility for negligence shows that the Guidance Principle is not necessary for responsibility. Much of the article is devoted to an analysis of negligence, and the associated duties, distinguishing between them and strict liability on the one hand and from liability arising under the Guidance Principle on the other hand. The discussion of negligence leads to a new conception of responsibility, embodied in the Rational Functioning Principle, of which the Guidance Principle is an important, but not the only component. Roughly speaking it holds us (non-derivatively) responsible for conduct which is the result of the functioning, successful or failed, of our powers of rational agency.

Guidance-Based On-Line Motion Planning For Autonomous Highway Overtaking

Abstract In the context of intelligent transportation, this paper presents a novel on-line trajectorygeneration method for autonomous lane changing. The proposed scheme is guidance based, realtime applicable, and ensures safety and passenger ride comfort. Based on the principles of Rendezvous Guidance, the passing vehicle is guided in real-time to match the position and velocity of a shadow target (i.e., rendezvous with) during the overtaking manoeuvre. The shadow target’s position and velocity are generated based on real-time sensory information gathered about the slower vehicle ahead of the passing vehicle as well as other vehicles which may be travelling in the passing lane. Namely, the guidance principle is also used to prevent any potential collision with these obstacle vehicles. The proposed method can be used as a fully autonomous system or simply as a driver-assistance tool. Extensive simulations and experiments, some of which are presented herein, clearly demonstrate the tangible efficiency of the proposed method.

Straight-Line Target Tracking for Unmanned Surface Vehicles

This paper considers the subject of straight-line target tracking for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Target-tracking represents motion control scenarios where no information about the target behavior is known in advance, i.e., the path that the target traverses is not defined apriori. Specifically, this work presents the design of a motion control system which enables an underactuated USV to track a target that moves in a straight line at high speed. The motion control system employs a guidance principle originally developed for interceptor missiles, as well as a novel velocity controller inspired by maneuverability and agility concepts found in fighter aircraft literature. The performance of the suggested design is illustrated through full-scale USV experiments in the Trondheimsfjord.

Minimal grand unification model in an anthropic landscape

It has been recently pointed out by Arkani-Hamed and Dimopoulos that if the universe is a landscape of vacua, and if therefore fine-tuning is not a valid guidance principle for searching for physics beyond the standard model, supersymmetric unification only requires the fermionic superpartners. We argue that in that landscape scenario, the fermionic superpartners are not needed for unification, which can be achieved in SO(10) either via a direct breaking to the standard model at the grand unification scale or through an intermediate gauge symmetry. In most minimal SO(10) models, the proton lifetime is long enough to avoid the experimental bounds. These models are the truly minimal fine-tuned extensions of the standard model in the sense proposed by Davoudiasl et al..

Experiments with a new customisable interactive evolution framework

This article collates results from a number of applications of interactive evolution as a sound designer's tool for exploring the parameter spaces of synthesis algorithms. Experiments consider reverberation algorithms, wavetable synthesis, synthesis of percussive sounds and an analytical solution of the stiff string. These projects share the property of being difficult to probe by trial and error sampling of the parameter space. Interactive evolution formed the guidance principle for what quickly proved a more effective search through the multitude of parameter settings.The research was supported by building an interactive genetic algorithm library in the audio programming language SuperCollider. This library provided reusable code for the user interfaces and the underlying genetic algorithm itself, whilst preserving enough generality to support the framework of each individual investigation.Whilst there is nothing new in the use of genetic algorithms in sound synthesis tasks, the experiments conducted here investigate new applications such as reverb design and an analytical stiff string model not previously encountered in the literature. Further, the focus of this work is now shifting more into algorithmic composition research, where the generative algorithms are less clear-cut than those of these experiments. Lessons learned from the deployment of interactive evolution in sound design problems are very useful as a reference for the extension of the problem set.