Guidance Method Research Articles

Experiences of implementation of the group-based adaptation training intervention for patients with chronic somatic illnesses or disabilities among multi-professional teams in specialized healthcare

Objective To describe the experiences of multi-professional teams of implementation of group-based adaptation training intervention for patients with chronic somatic illnesses or disabilities in specialized healthcare. Materials and methods Multi-professional teams (n = 7) implementing adaptation training courses for chronically ill patients in specialised healthcare were interviewed between 09/2020 and 12/2021. The themes for thematic group interviews were based on the standard protocol implementation of adaptation training in specialised healthcare, including planning, implementation and evaluation of the adaptation training courses. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. The data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results The experiences of multi-professional teams involved using pedagogical methods, providing guidance and counselling to support the rehabilitation process, ensuring opportunities for peer support, and supporting the course participants’ involvement and activities in everyday life. Conclusions Healthcare professionals should use pedagogical methods in reflective guidance and counselling to promote client-oriented approach in supporting adaptation. Their competence in pedagogy needs to be build and maintained by continuous education. Multi-professional teams need to ensure sufficient and versatile conditions for peer support and involvement of family members by creating open and trusting atmosphere, unhurried encounters, discussions, different and varying ways of working. Adaptation training can strengthen the self-efficacy of participants and help them shift their attention from illness and disability to thoughts of the future. Adaptation training can support active and meaningful daily life in a changed life situation.

Predictor–Corrector Guidance for a Hypersonic Morphing Vehicle

In an effort to address the problem of hypersonic morphing vehicles reaching the target while avoiding no-fly zones, an improved predictor–corrector guidance method is proposed. Firstly, the aircraft motion model and the constraint model are established. Then, the basic algorithm is given. The Q-learning method is used to design the attack angle and sweep angle scheme to ensure that the aircraft can fly over low-altitude zones. The B-spline curve is used to determine the locations of flight path points, and the bank angle scheme is designed using the predictor–corrector method, so that the aircraft can avoid high-altitude zones. Next, the Monte Carlo reinforcement learning (MCRL) method is used to improve the predictor–corrector method and a Deep Neural Network (DNN) is used to fit the reward function. The planning method in this paper realizes the use of a variable sweep angle, while the improved method further improves the performance of the trajectory, including the attainment of greater final speed and a smaller turning angle. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

A Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Path-Following Control Scheme for an Uncertain Under-Actuated Autonomous Marine Vehicle

In this article, a deep reinforcement learning-based path-following control scheme is established for an under-actuated autonomous marine vehicle (AMV) in the presence of model uncertainties and unknown marine environment disturbances is presented. By virtue of light-of-sight guidance, a surge-heading joint guidance method is developed within the kinematic level, thereby enabling the AMV to follow the desired path accurately. Within the dynamic level, model uncertainties and time-varying environment disturbances are taken into account, and the reinforcement learning control method using the twin-delay deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) is developed for the under-actuated vehicle, where path-following actions are generated via the state space and hybrid rewards. Additionally, actor-critic networks are developed using the long-short time memory (LSTM) network, and the vehicle can successfully make a decision by the aid of historical states, thus enhancing the convergence rate of dynamic controllers. Simulation results and comprehensive comparisons on a prototype AMV demonstrate the remarkable effectiveness and superiority of the proposed LSTM-TD3-based path-following control scheme.

A bytecode‐based integrated detection and repair method for reentrancy vulnerabilities in smart contracts

AbstractThe reentrancy vulnerability in smart contracts has caused significant losses in the digital currency economy. Existing solutions for detecting and repairing this vulnerability are limited in scope and lack a comprehensive framework. Additionally, there is currently a lack of guidance methods for effectively pinpointing the location of vulnerabilities. The proposed bytecode‐level method addresses these challenges by incorporating a detection module, an auxiliary localization module, and a repair module. An opcode classification method is introduced using vulnerability features and a BiLSTM‐Attention‐based sequence model to enhance detection accuracy. To overcome difficulties in vulnerability localization, an auxiliary localization method based on data flow and control flow analysis is proposed, enabling developers to better locate vulnerabilities. Current reentrancy vulnerability repair methods are analyzed and strategies for three reachable patterns are proposed. The bytecode rewriting strategy utilizes Trampoline technology for repair, while a fuel optimization method reduces bytecode generation length to optimize gas costs. Through extensive experimental validation, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed methods are confirmed, further validating the feasibility of the entire framework. Experimental results demonstrate that the framework offers enhanced protection against reentrancy vulnerability attacks in smart contracts.

Research on Guidance Methods of Digital Twin Robotic Arms Based on User Interaction Experience Quantification.

The evolution of the manufacturing sector coupled with advancements in digital twin technology has precipitated the extensive integration of digital twin robotic arms within the industrial domain. Notwithstanding this trend, there exists a paucity of studies examining the interaction of these robotic arms in virtual reality (VR) contexts from the user's standpoint. This paper delves into the virtual interaction of digital twin robotic arms by concentrating on effective guidance methodologies for the input of their target motion trajectories. Such a focus is pivotal to optimize input precision and efficiency, thus contributing to research on the virtual interaction interfaces of these robotic arms. During empirical evaluations, metrics related to human-machine interaction, such as objective operational efficiency, precision, and subjective workload, were meticulously quantified. Moreover, the influence of disparate guidance methods on the interaction experience of digital twin robotic arms and their corresponding scenarios was investigated. Consequent findings offer pivotal insights regarding the efficacy of these guidance methods across various scenarios, thereby serving as an invaluable guide for future endeavors aiming to bolster interactive experiences in devices akin to digital twin robotic arms.

Guidance methods during nasal endotracheal intubation

Guidance methods during nasal endotracheal intubation

Bentuk Kecerdasan Interpersonal Anak Ditinjau dari Bimbingan Orang Tua

This study has a background regarding interpersonal intelligence in fifth grade children at SDN 6 Jekulo, it was found that there were children who were less able to interact socially. Interpersonal intelligence is needed by children in the current era because it has something to do with their social environment, so parents who are the main education for children must be able to provide guidance to develop interpersonal intelligence in children. This study aims to narrate the form of interpersonal intelligence of children based on parental guidance methods. This study used a narrative qualitative research method which was conducted at SDN 6 Jekulo and parents' homes in March 2023 by collecting data from the results of two interviews with four children in grade V and their parents and observations for one week. Implementation of data collection is done by seeking information about the form of interpersonal intelligence of children and methods of parental guidance. The results of this study indicate that the form of interpersonal intelligence of children who receive more than one parental guidance method is said to be quite good, while the form of interpersonal intelligence of children who receive only one parental guidance method is said to be poor. Therefore, the level of interpersonal intelligence of children can be seen from the guidance methods provided by their parents.

Application Practice of Student-centered Participatory Hybrid Teaching Design in Basic Computer Courses

Various online platforms in various forms provide learners with rich and diverse knowledge resources. This article explores student-centered participatory teaching design and application practice. This article is based on the application of learning platform and Tencent Conference and other software in the teaching practice of basic computer courses, and constructs and implements the 4F dynamic guided reflection method based on the BOPPPS teaching model. Mixed teaching model, practical application of teaching activity design analyzes the student- centered participatory teaching model based on the BOPPPS teaching model combined with the 4F dynamic guidance and reflection method, which can not only achieve people-oriented and truly participatory teaching, but also touch students ' emotions. Subjective initiative, always use problem-oriented teaching methods to guide learners to explore, and cultivate students' active participatory learning teaching model design and application practice.

Hierarchical CNNPID Based Active Steering Control Method for Intelligent Vehicle Facing Emergency Lane-Changing

To resolve the response delay and overshoot problems of intelligent vehicles facing emergency lane-changing due to proportional-integral-differential (PID) parameter variation, an active steering control method based on Convolutional Neural Network and PID (CNNPID) algorithm is constructed. First, a steering control model based on normal distribution probability function, steady constant radius steering, and instantaneous lane-change-based active for straight and curved roads is established. Second, based on the active steering control model, a three-dimensional constraint-based fifth-order polynomial equation lane-change path is designed to address the stability problem with supersaturation and sideslip due to emergency lane changing. In addition, a hierarchical CNNPID Controller is constructed which includes two layers to avoid collisions facing emergency lane changing, namely, the lane change path tracking PID control layer and the CNN control performance optimization layer. The scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation-based forward propagation control law is designed to optimize the PID control performance based on input parameters, and the elastic backpropagation-based module is adopted for weight correction. Finally, comparison studies and simulation/real vehicle test results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness, significance, and advantages of the proposed controller.

Socialization of the Role of Face-Based Communication in the Improvement of Students at SDN Alalak Utara 3 in Banjarmasin

Socialization of the Role of Face-Based Communication in Improving Students at SDN Alalak Utara 3 in Banjarmasin. Effective communication is used by teachers and all existing teaching staff to provide direction to students to obey and implement the system of school regulations so that communication between students and teachers can be carried out through an effective face-based communication method in improving students at North Alalak Elementary School in Banjarmasin Therefore, as a community service team, lecturers from the economics faculty and the teaching and education faculty at Uniska Banjarmasin have carried out school outreach at SDN Alalak Utara 3 in Banjarmasin using several existing methods, namely a persuasive approach method, a comprehensive approach method for the school. and the method of providing motivation to students through behavior-oriented counseling guidance methods through competencies and indicators of competency achievement. The results of community service are: After carrying out community service it can be concluded as follows: The students in the AKM (Minimum Competition Assessment) class have experienced an increase of around 32%, where before socialization of class AKM was 35% and after socialization of class AKM was 37%, it can be concluded that the role of face-based communication is very effective in improving students at SDN Alalak Utara 3 Banjarmasin, especially providing positive things in improving the process of learning and teaching.

Art Innovation Learning Guidance For Kindergarten Teacher

The purpose and scope of this guidance activity are to provide kindergarten teachers in Sukun District, Malang City, the knowledge and skills about designing and implementing early childhood integrated art innovation learning to improve the effectiveness and quality of children’s art learning process in kindergarten as part of their job. Guidance and training methods that will be used in this activity are 1) delivery of material and discussion about the development of early childhood art skills and early childhood integrated art innovation; 2) guidance and practice in groups to discuss innovation and designing one learning material package of early childhood integrated art including art, dance, music, and drama literature; 3) Demonstration and simulation to demonstrate the early childhood integrated art innovation learning activity as a part of art class in kindergarten; 4) discussion and evaluation to get feedback both about the process and results of guidance and practice activities. The results obtained are 1) Non-Physical results; from the evaluation of the final results, it can be concluded that 90% (out of 40 participants) have understood the knowledge and skills about making early childhood integrated art innovation to improve the effectiveness and quality of children’s art learning process in kindergarten as part of their job; 2) Physical Result; obtained by the participants from the guidance and training activities are products in the form of early childhood integrated art innovation learning types about various themes and titles. In general, this guidance and training activity is considered successful because, at the end of the activity, all participants have the knowledge and skills about designing and implementing early childhood integrated art innovation learning to improve the effectiveness and quality of children’s art learning process in kindergarten as part of their job.

GNSS denied navigation system for the manoeuvring flying objects

PurposeBefore designing a navigation system, it is necessary to analyse possible approaches in terms of expected accuracy, existing limitations and economic justification to select the most advantageous solution. This paper aims to collect possible navigation methods that can provide correction for inertial navigation and to evaluate their suitability for use on a manoeuvring tactical missile.Design/methodology/approachThe review of existing munitions was based on data collected from the literature and online databases. The data collected included dimensions, performance, applied navigation and guidance methods and their achievable accuracy. The requirements and limitations identified were confronted with the range of sensor parameters available on the market. Based on recent literature, navigation methods were reviewed and evaluated for applicability to inertial navigation system (INS) correction in global navigation satellite system-denied space.FindingsThe performance analysis of existing munition shows that small and relatively inexpensive micro-electro-mechanical system-type inertial sensors are required. A review of the parameters of existing devices of this type has shown that they are subject to measurement errors that do not allow them to achieve the delivery accuracy expected of precision missiles. The most promising navigation correction methods for manoeuvring flying objects have been identified.Originality/valueThe information presented in this paper is the result of the first phase of a project and presents the results of the requirements selection, initial sizing and preliminary design of the navigation system. This paper combines a review of the current state of the art in missile systems and an analysis of INS accuracy including the selection of sensor parameters.

Underwater Acoustically Guided Docking Method Based on Multi-Stage Planning

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are important in areas such as underwater scientific research and underwater resource collection. However, AUVs suffer from data portability and energy portability problems due to their physical size limitation. In this work, an acoustic guidance method for underwater docking is proposed to solve the problem of persistent underwater operation. A funnel docking station and an autonomous remotely operated vehicle (ARV) are used as the platform for designing the guidance algorithms. First, the underwater docking guidance is divided into three stages: a long-range approach stage, a mid-range adjustment stage and a short-range docking stage. Second, the relevant guidance strategy is designed for each stage to improve the docking performance. Third, a correction method based on an ultra-short baseline (USBL) system is proposed for the ARV’s estimate of the depth, relative position and orientation angle of the docking station. To verify the feasibility of the docking guidance method, in this work, tests were performed on a lake and in a shallow sea. The success rate of autonomous navigation docking on the lake was 4 out of 7. The success rate of acoustic guidance docking on the lake and in the shallow sea were 11 out of 14 and 6 out of 8, respectively. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the docking guidance method in lakes and shallow seas.

Adaptive dynamic programming based composite control for profile tracking with multiple constraints

A composite control method based on adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) is developed to solve the profile tracking problem of the hypersonic gliding vehicle (HGV) with multiple constraints (flight and input constraints). First, based on the framework of the standard profile guidance method, a standard drag acceleration–velocity profile is planned as the tracking target, which satisfies the flight constraints. Second, a composite controller based on ADP and dynamic surface control (DSC) is proposed to track the planned profile and satisfy both the terminal conditions and the input constraint. An ADP method is developed to realize the optimal control through a critic neural network (NN) approximation for the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation. By using DSC method, the steady control is realized. Finally, the states of the closed-loop system and the weight estimation error are proved to be uniformly ultimately bounded, and the effectiveness of the proposed composite control method is verified via simulations.

Meta-analysis of bacterial growth characteristics in platelet components: Refining the inputs of a simulation analysis comparing the relative safety of testing strategies.

The relative safety of bacterial risk control strategies for platelets that include culture with or without rapid testing has been compared using simulation analysis. A wide range of bacterial lag and doubling times were included. However, published data on growth rates are available and these data have not been synthesized. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate growth rates and used these estimates to refine a comparative safety analysis of bacterial risk control strategies in the FDA guidance STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were extracted from published studies on bacterial growth rates in platelet components during storage. These data were used to estimate the practical range of growth rates. This refined the inputs for a simulation model comparing the safety of the testing strategies. In total, 108 growth curves for 11 different aerobic organisms were obtained. Doubling times ranged from 0.8 to 12 h, but the lower 90% range was approximately 1-5 h. The revised comparative safety simulation using the narrower 1-5-h range showed similar rankings to the prior simulation, with 48-h large-volume delayed sampling with 7-day expiration (48C-7) demonstrating the lowest-ranking relative performance at the 103 and 105 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL exposure thresholds. This was a two-step study. First, meta-analysis of published data on aerobic bacterial growth rates in stored platelets showed the vast majority of doubling times were 1-5 h. Next, an updated comparative safety simulation yielded similar results to a prior study, with 48C-7 showing the least favorable relative safety performance.

Semi-Analytical Midcourse Guidance for Coordinated Interception of Multiple Exo-Atmospheric Targets

The simultaneous interception of multiple exo-atmospheric threat targets can leave no buffer time for the targets and greatly reduces targets’ penetration probability. This paper proposes centralized and decentralized two midcourse guidance methods to solve the coordinated interception of multiple exo-atmospheric targets. First, the free-time cooperative interception problem minimizing the total impulses is established, where the nonlinear dynamics of the interceptors and targets, the initial impulse constraints, and the terminal interception constraints are considered. Second, the necessary conditions for the optimal cooperative interception problem are derived and then approximated using higher-order Taylor expansions, which result in a series of analytical nonlinear equations. Then, the semi-analytical centralized guidance mode is designed to achieve simultaneous interception of targets by directly solving the analytical nonlinear equations. To improve computational efficiency, the decentralized cooperative guidance mode is further proposed by using the developed iterative freezing trajectory method, where each interceptor uses information from other interceptors in the previous iteration for prediction and distributed computation. Numerical examples verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed two guidance methods. Results show that the computational efficiency of the decentralized guidance mode is more efficient compared with the centralized midcourse guidance mode.

Pollution prediction for heavy metals in soil-groundwater systems at smelting sites

The spread of heavy metal contaminations originating from polluted industrial sites pose major environmental risks to surrounding areas. However, the migration of heavy metals in the subsurface is a very complex process that requires the coupling of geological, hydrological, solute transport and geochemical data to better understand and predict contaminant flow paths, plume movement in space and time. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) variable saturated solute transport numerical model of soil-groundwater was developed to understand pollution risks in a large lead–zinc (Pb-Zn) smelting site. Using the calibrated numerical model, risk trends of heavy metal pollution were predicted, and the design and evaluation of a pollution control technology were proposed. The results showed that the risk of heavy metal spillover was extremely high. It could break through the geographical boundary of the site after 60 days and affect the downstream river on the 712th day. By using a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) based on zero-valent iron (ZVI) and bentonite, the time for the Cd pollution plume to reach the river could be effectively delayed by 225 days, and its diffusion range reduced to 10.2%. However, 31–42% of the contaminants continued to spread outwards through lateral flow pathways even with a PRB. Based on these results, a better remediation strategy for the smelting site is to first remove, passivate or solidify the existing pollution sources, and then use PRB technology to block the pollution transmission pathways. The research results have expanded the application of numerical simulation in the study of industrial pollution sites, providing guidance methods and technical support for pollution prevention and control and space utilization at polluted non-ferrous smelting sites.

Prescribed-time error-constrained moving path following control for a stratospheric airship with disturbances

This paper presents an innovative prescribed-time moving path following control strategy for a stratospheric airship subject to time-varying error constraints and external disturbances. With the help of a new time-varying constraining function, the strict constraint requirements on initial conditions of the system are relaxed. A novel error transformation mechanism is incorporated into the guidance method to tackle the error constraint. The constructed prescribed-time disturbance observer can provide estimates of unknown disturbances and model dynamic couplings within the predefined time. The proposed scheme guarantees that the predetermined precision requirement can be implemented within the prespecified settling time regardless of initial conditions. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.

Model-Free Guidance Method for Drones in Complex Environments Using Direct Policy Exploration and Optimization

In the past few decades, drones have become lighter, with longer hang times, and exhibit more agile performance. To maximize their capabilities during flights in complex environments, researchers have proposed various model-based perception, planning, and control methods aimed at decomposing the problem into modules and collaboratively accomplishing the task in a sequential manner. However, in practical environments, it is extremely difficult to model both the drones and their environments, with very few existing model-based methods. In this study, we propose a novel model-free reinforcement-learning-based method that can learn the optimal planning and control policy from experienced flight data. During the training phase, the policy considers the complete state of the drones and environmental information as inputs. It then self-optimizes based on a predefined reward function. In practical implementations, the policy takes inputs from onboard and external sensors and outputs optimal control commands to low-level velocity controllers in an end-to-end manner. By capitalizing on this property, the planning and control policy can be improved without the need for an accurate system model and can drive drones to traverse complex environments at high speeds. The policy was trained and tested in a simulator, as well as in real-world flight experiments, demonstrating its practical applicability. The results show that this model-free method can learn to fly effectively and that it holds great potential to handle different tasks and environments.

Impact Time Consensus Cooperative Guidance Against the Maneuvering Target: Theory and Experiment

Cooperative guidance issues with impact time consensus against a maneuvering target are considered in this paper. Different from the existing achievements, the expected impact time does not need to be predesigned, which is coordinated by multiple missiles using the neighboring information. First, the impact time consensus command is generated by using the maximum consensus algorithm of time-to-go for each missile. Second, an analytical cooperative guidance law with bias proportional guidance form is proposed for achieving impact time consensus. In addition, the convergence and the stability of the proposed algorithm and guidance law are analyzed. Third, an equivalent guidance experimental platform is constructed for testing the performance of the proposed cooperative guidance strategy. Finally, the numerical simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical cooperative guidance methods.