Guidance For Application Research Articles

Improving hospital care for people who use drugs: deliberative process development of a clinical guideline for opioid withdrawal management

BackgroundManagement of opioid withdrawal in hospital settings is crucial to improve treatment completion and health outcomes among patients who use opioids, such as heroin. Evidence-based clinical guidelines can support responsive provision of opioid substitution therapy (OST). In England there is no standardised application of guidance for substance dependence management across National Health Service (NHS) Hospitals. A recent review of NHS hospital policies identified varying approaches to managing opioid withdrawal and procedural barriers to timely medication.ObjectiveTo develop a clinical guideline for opioid withdrawal management in acute NHS hospital trusts to be tested and evaluated as part of the iHOST (Improving Hospital Opioid Substitution Therapy) research intervention.MethodsWe undertook a deliberative guideline development process. The University London College Hospital (UCLH) substance dependence guideline was used as a template, with key points of revision informed by evidence review, consultations with hospital staff and people with opioid dependence. A multidisciplinary working group deliberated evidence statements to develop recommendations. These were reviewed by an oversight committee comprising representatives from key stakeholder organisations. The team authored the guideline with iterative review by the oversight committee, key stakeholders and UCLH clinical governance committees.ResultsDeliberation focused on three key domains: (1) identifying opioid dependence and promptly continuing existing OST prescriptions; (2) initiating or re-titrating OST; (3) ensuring safety and continuity of care at discharge. Changes to the UCLH guideline included removal of mandatory urine drug testing prior to OST; increasing initial methadone titration dose; and provision for a higher day-one titration dose when specific safety criteria are met. A new titration schedule for sublingual buprenorphine was incorporated. Discharge planning to ensure continuity of community care and reduce risk of opioid overdose was emphasised, with allowance for bridging prescriptions of OST and naloxone provision on hospital discharge.ConclusionThe iHOST clinical guideline aims to remove procedural barriers to opioid withdrawal management for hospital inpatients. It is intended to be implemented by other NHS hospitals, which could improve access to OST and reduce discrepancies in treatment access and completion.Study registrationISRCTN47320412 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN47320412.

Delphi Consensus Recommendations for the Development of the Emergency Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS) Curriculum in Nepal.

Introduction: Emergency Medicine Point of Care Ultrasound (EM-POCUS) is a diagnostic bedside tool for quick and accurate clinical decision-making. Comprehensive training in POCUS is a mandatory part of EM training in developed countries. In Nepal, we need to build an educational curriculum based on the local medical system, available resources, and educational environment. We used the modified Delphi method to develop a EM-POCUS curriculum. Methods: We formed an EM-POCUS core working group based on expertise in key identified areas. The core working group developed criteria for expert panelist selection and synthesized the data for panelists after each Delphi round. We recruited 46 expert panelists to participate in a series of electronic surveys. The literature review and the results of the first Delphi round identified a set of competencies. Quantitative methodology was performed for subsequent surveys. Data analysis of the frequency, percentage, median, and interquartile range of the 9-point Likert scale was performed. We deemed a minimum threshold of 80% agreement to retain items across Delphi rounds. The result of every round was disseminated before subsequent rounds for the expert panelists to review responses in light of the group's response. Results: We identified 10 specific global competency categories and 132 objectives (Round 1, response rate 85%). Rounds 2 and 3 (response rates 78% and 81% respectively) developed consensus on 45 core objectives (34%). The list of EM-POCUS competencies with the median (IQR) was finalized. Conclusion: This expert, consensus-generated EM-POCUS curriculum provides detailed guidance for EM-POCUS education and applications in clinical practice in Nepal.

Study on bearing characteristic of multi-pile composite foundation with biocemented coral sand pile

The treatment of coral sand foundation is a key challenge faced by marine or island engineering owing to its unique properties. In order to meet the construction requirements of “green engineering, ecological islands”, an innovative foundation treatment technology, termed as biocemented coral sand pile (BCS pile) composite foundation, was proposed in this study by using MICP technology instead of industrial cement. A series of model tests were conducted to examine the influence of area replacement rate (ARR) on the bearing characteristics of long-short BCS pile composite foundations, and the load-settlement relationship, axial force, side friction, load-sharing ratio, and pile-soil stress ratio were analysed. Results shown that the new foundation treatment technology improved the bearing capacity of coral sand foundation by 12.7 %–67.73 %. Additionally, the axial force, pile-soil stress ratio, and load-sharing ratio for long BCS piles were approximately double those of short BCS piles. The bearing capacity of BCS pile was underutilized in the multipile composite foundation, and the group-pile effect led to an increase in the pile-soil stress ratio. The study demonstrates the potential usage of BCS pile composite foundation in coral sand sites, which was expected to provide valuable guidance for further research and practical applications.

Three dimensional thermally frictional adhesive contact problem of quasicrystals materials

It is difficult to analytically solve the contact problem of one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystal (1DHQ) coating considering the coupling effects of adhesion, friction force and frictional heat in the contact region, especially considering both the frictional heat and adhesion simultaneously. The thermally frictional adhesive contact problem of 1DHQ coating is investigated using a discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform-based (DC-FFT-based) semi-analytical method. The adhesive behavior is described based on the Maugis-Dugdale model, which was used to investigate the influence of adhesive force on the thermoelastic field. It is a continuum-mechanics model with all microscopic features subsumed in the elastic constants, covers only elastic behavior, omitting all other physical characteristics of quasicrystals. By developing an adhesion-driven conjugate gradient method (AD-CGM), the contact process is numerically implemented, and the DC-FFT method is applied to solve the contact displacement. The numerical results indicate that the contact area under the consideration of adhesive force is much larger than that without. For a given external force, the contact radius and adhesive radius increase with increasing parameters. And each physical quantity exhibits different changing trends with the variation of adhesive parameters, with 0.5 as the dividing line. The research results may provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of quasicrystals as thermal barrier coating materials, nanodevice materials, and intelligent robot coating materials.

Abstract 4137467: Intravascular ultrasound-guided versus angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials

Background: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) allows better visualization of atherosclerotic plaques than angiography alone. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to comprehensively synthesize the available evidence regarding the efficacy of IVUS-guidance compared to angiography-guided PCI. Moreover, we conducted a sensitivity analysis to determine the applicability of IVUS guidance in complex PCI. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search of major bibliographic databases from inception until May 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IVUS-guided versus angiography-guided PCI. Risk ratios (RR) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled using the random-effects model, with a p-value <0.05 considered statistically significant. We conducted meta-regression to determine the moderating of baseline covariates on pooled outcomes. Results: Sixteen RCTs were included with 10,993 patients undergoing PCI (IVUS-guided PCI: 5684 patients; angiography-guided PCI: 5157 patients). IVUS-guided PCI demonstrated a significantly lower risk of cardiac death [RR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.35, 0.68], major adverse cardiovascular events [RR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.80], myocardial infarction [RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.89], stent thrombosis [RR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.75], target lesion revascularization [RR: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.49, 0.74], and target vessel revascularization [RR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.70] than angiography-guided PCI. IVUS-guided PCI demonstrated a nonsignificant trend toward a reduced risk of all-cause mortality [RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.04]. Meta-regression showed a nonsignificant moderating effect of the duration of follow-up, age of patients, baseline dyslipidemia, and hypertension status on pooled outcomes. A sensitivity analysis was conducted for patients undergoing complex PCI. The sensitivity analysis showed the superiority of IVUS-guided PCI compared to angiography-guided PCI by resulting in a significant improvement in the clinical outcomes. Conclusion: This meta-analysis concluded that IVUS-guided PCI resulted in a reduction in cardiac death, major adverse cardiovascular events, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, target lesion revascularization, and target vessel revascularization, compared to angiography-guided PCI. Moreover, we observed the superiority of IVUS guidance in complex PCI as well.

Roadmap for Power Generation of Industrial Hot Extruded Bi2Te3-Based Thermoelectric Device in Real-World Heat Sources.

Recovering waste heat through thermoelectric (TE) technology is critical for enhancing energy efficiency. However, commercial devices often require n- and p-type thermoelectric units to have similar cross-sectional areas and conductivities, complicating optimization of their figure of merit (ZT). Moreover, real-world heat sources are not constant temperature sources, and only heat flux can be measured. Given these constraints, selecting appropriate parameters for TE devices to maximize their output power for specific heat sources is of significant scientific and practical importance. In this work, we studied a series of n- and p-type Bi2Te3-based TE materials, prepared using commercial hot extrusion techniques, with average conductivities of approximately 650 S cm-1, 820 S cm-1, 1050 S cm-1, and 1300 S cm-1 over the temperature range of 50-250 °C. These materials were assembled into four different thermoelectric devices (HE1, HE2, HE3, and HE4). Finite element simulations for devices HE1, HE2, HE3, and HE4 (TE leg: 1.4 mm × 1.4 mm × 1.6 mm, device area: 40 mm × 40 mm) showed maximum power densities of 3953.5 W m-2 and 1300.8 W m-2 at 67,000 W m-2 and 33,500 W m-2 heat fluxes, respectively. The fabricated devices achieved maximum power densities of 2907.1, 3014.0, 2910.9, and 2525.4 W m-2 at 67,000 W m-2 heat flux, with discrepancies attributed to interface thermal resistance. Based on these findings, we have plotted output performance roadmaps for TE devices with different average electrical conductivities under various heat flux densities (67,000 W m-2 and 33,500 W m-2) as functions of external load and TE leg height. These roadmaps enable rapid design of TE devices tailored to specific external heat source conditions and cost requirements, thereby maximizing waste heat recovery. This study's use of electrical conductivity as a performance indicator for final device output power density offers direct guidance for practical waste heat recovery applications.

Numerical study on a new adjustable multi-hole throttling device for natural gas flooding

Natural gas flooding represents a significant technique for the enhancement of oil recovery, thereby facilitating the efficient utilization of oil and gas resources. In the injection and production system, the throttling gas nozzle is a key component that adjust the injection pressure according to the reservoir’s pressure. However, current throttling gas nozzles utilize a fixed structure, which presents a challenge in achieving online control of flow rate and pressure drop. Therefore, a new adjustable multi-hole throttling device was proposed in this paper, allowing for the regulation of pressure loss by changing the number of flowing holes. In order to gain insight into the operational principles and pressure drop characteristics of this new throttling device, the SST k-ω turbulence model and the NIST physical property model were employed to simulate the supercritical natural gas flow in the nozzle. The results demonstrate that there is an uneven distribution of velocity between the channels of the downhole multi-hole throttling device. The velocity in a single nozzle channel exhibits a trend of initially increasing rapidly and then decreasing, while the pressure exhibits an initial decrease, which is then followed by a slight increase. The pressure drops of the nozzle under different flow rates and flowing hole numbers were acquired, revealing that the pressure drop of the multi-hole throttling device is inversely proportional to the number of holes. The adjustment accuracy of pressure drop and flow rate is higher when the number of holes is between 4 and 6. However, a significant increase in pressure drop occurs when the number of holes is less than 3, resulting in poorer regulation accuracy. Furthermore, a pressure drop prediction model was developed based on the numerical results, which provides guidance for the application and design of the throttling device. In this study, a new natural gas flooding throttling device is proposed, offering a new approach for downhole equipment development. Additionally, this research provides guidance for the practical application and iterative improvement of this throttling device in future use.

Application of machine learning algorithms in resource allocation for wireless communications

Abstract. The accelerated advances of wireless communication technologies in recent years has highlighted the necessity of efficient resource allocation in 5G and upcoming 6G networks, particularly in large-scale, high-density network implementations such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and ultra-dense cellular networks. The application of machine learning offers a number of significant advantages over traditional resource allocation algorithms, including enhanced adaptability, robustness, scalability, and predictive power. Therefore, the paper aims to examine the process of selecting the optimal machine learning algorithm for a specific resource management task. To this end, it provides an overview of the fundamental concepts of machine learning, including deep reinforcement learning (DRL), graph neural networks (GNN), and joint learning. Furthermore, this paper examines the potential applications of machine learning in the field of wireless resource management. The research presented in this paper provides a crucial theoretical foundation and guidance for further exploration and application of machine learning capabilities in the domain of wireless communication resource management. Overall, the research elucidates the potential of machine learning in wireless communication resource management and its applications, thereby advancing knowledge in this field and providing valuable references for the development of efficient and intelligent wireless communication networks.

Numerical and experimental study of dynamic gas–liquid separator with various viscosities

The gas–liquid separation process is important in various industries, such as electric power, aerospace, and petroleum. This study introduces an innovative, dynamic gas–liquid separator (DGLS) in which a cyclonic flow pattern is induced by blade rotation. This cyclonic flow enhances the efficiency of gas and liquid phase separation while also imparting energy to facilitate the transport of the separated fluid. Numerical simulations are used to analyze the internal flow dynamics, power requirements, and separation efficiency of this DGLS. A comparison with experimental results is conducted to validate the reliability of the numerical model. The effects of liquid-phase viscosity on the internal energy consumption and separation performance of the DGLS are explored at various flow rates. The simulation results indicate that for a given viscosity, the degassing rate of the separator decreases while the liquid removal rate increases as the inlet flow rate rises. Furthermore, it is observed that higher viscosity leads to poorer separation performance, with a decrease in turbulent kinetic energy near the rotating axis and an increase in turbulence intensity near the wall. At lower flow rates, the effectiveness of liquid-phase outlet pressurization improves with increasing viscosity. However, at higher flow rates, increasing viscosity leads to a substantial decline in energy performance and a reduction in liquid-phase outlet pressurization. The increment in turbulent kinetic energy is greater than the square of the mean velocity, indicating a positive correlation between turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for the prediction of flow losses within a DGLS and the efficient design of these separators, but also provide guidance for industrial applications involving high-viscosity fluids.

Nurse Perceptions of Barriers to Infection Prevention and Control in Labor and Delivery

ObjectiveTo identify nurse perceptions of barriers to performing recommended infection prevention and control practices in labor and delivery to inform future resources tailored to this setting. DesignQualitative focus groups. SettingThe 2023 annual convention of the Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses, New Orleans, LA. ParticipantsA convenience sample of 16 labor and delivery nurses. MethodsStaff of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted two focus groups using a standardized script. Coding was performed by three reviewers using Krueger’s systematic analysis process. ResultsAmong the 16 participants, 94% were registered nurses, and 6% were advanced practice registered nurses. From our analysis of the data, five major themes emerged, including the following: Lack of Individual and Organizational Accountability in Implementing Recommended Infection Prevention and Control Practices; Inconsistent Application of Guidance Across State, Hospital, and Specialty; The Unpredictable Nature of the Labor and Delivery Setting; Labor and Delivery Is Not Prioritized in the Hospital for Infection Prevention and Control Resources; and Lack of Coordination Across Stages of Care From Prenatal to Postpartum. Conclusion(s)We identified barriers experienced by nurses to consistently implementing infection prevention and control practices in the labor and delivery setting. These barriers can be addressed through targeted interventions and the development of obstetric-specific infection prevention and control resources.

Exact Solution of Nonlinear TVMD Based on Maximizing Damping Enhancement Effect for Acceleration Response Control

The tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) exhibits superior control effect and energy dissipation capability compared to the viscous damper (VD). Existing literature has primarily focused on the control of absolute acceleration response in structures by linear TVMD, with limited research on nonlinear damper for controlling structural performance and efficiency. This study proposes a methodology for determining the optimal parameters of linear TVMD. The closed-form solution of the nonlinear TVMD is derived through stochastic linearization based on the linear TVMD, aiming to minimize the damping ratio of TVMD by utilizing the damping enhancement effect of the system. For lightly damped structures, the closed-form solution remains a reliable method for accurately approximating TVMD design parameters. Compared to traditional fixed-point theory, the TVMD developed through the proposed methodology demonstrates superior control performance, especially in terms of absolute acceleration, with a smaller damping ratio and minimal deviation from the optimal state of the TVMD. Additionally, the study investigated the influence of the damping index on the optimal parameters and the efficacy of the TVMD in vibration control. It is observed that reducing the damping index can improve structural performance, particularly in long-period structures with small mass ratios, although it may reduce the efficiency of the TVMD. Notably, TVMDs with lower mass ratios maintain higher efficiency regardless of the structural natural period. The damping index does not affect the optimal frequency ratio or the mean square response. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the optimization method is displayed through the examination of response spectra following 22 real seismic events, showcasing its adaptability across various structural types. The comparison of the root-mean-square response between the VD and TVMD across different periods shows consistent results, with a maximum deviation of only 10%. The TVMD is highly effective at regulating the structural response, excelling particularly in controlling the absolute acceleration of long-period structures, where it reduces maximum absolute acceleration by 20% more than displacement. The proposed exact solution rapidly and precisely identifies the design parameters of nonlinear TVMD by the desired specifications, thereby offering theoretical guidance for practical engineering applications.

Safety of non-invasive brain stimulation in patients with implants: a computational risk assessment.

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) methodologies, such as transcranial electric (tES) are increasingly employed for therapeutic, diagnostic, or research purposes. The concurrent presence of active/passive implants can pose safety risks, affect the NIBS delivery, or generate confounding signals. A systematic investigation is required to understand the interaction mechanisms, quantify exposure, assess risks, and establish guidance for NIBS applications. We used measurements, simplified generic, and detailed anatomical modeling to: (i) systematically analyze exposure conditions with passive and active implants, considering local field enhancement, exposure dosimetry, tissue heating and neuromodulation, capacitive lead current injection, low-impedance pathways between electrode contacts, and insulation damage; (ii) identify risk metrics and efficient prediction strategies; (iii) quantify these metrics in relevant exposure cases and (iv) identify worst case conditions. Various aspects including implant design, positioning, scar tissue formation, anisotropy, and frequency were investigated. At typical tES frequencies, local enhancement of dosimetric exposure quantities can reach up to one order of magnitude for deep brain stimulation (DBS) and stereoelectroencephalography implants (more for elongated passive implants), potentially resulting in unwanted neuromodulation that can confound results but is still 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than active DBS. Under worst-case conditions, capacitive current injection in the active implants' lead can produce local exposures of similar magnitude as the passive field enhancement, while capacitive pathways between contacts are negligible. Above 10 kHz, applied current magnitudes increase, necessitating consideration of tissue heating. Furthermore, capacitive effects become more prominent, leading to current injection that can reach DBS-like levels. Adverse effects from abandoned/damaged leads in direct electrode vicinity cannot be excluded. Safety related concerns of tES application in the presence of implants are systematically identified and explored, resulting in specific and quantitative guidance and establishing basis for safety standards. Furthermore,several methods for reducing risks are suggested while acknowledging the limitations(see Sec. 4.5).

Experimental study and numerical simulation of the effect of different fiber types on the basic mechanical properties of shotcrete

This study analyzed the enhancement effects and mechanisms of steel, glass, and polypropylene fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete, aiming to guide the selection of suitable fiber types and dosages for shotcrete projects. Through laboratory tests, numerical simulations, and field experiments, it investigated the enhancement laws of flexural and compressive strengths of concrete with different dosages of these three fibers. Results showed: (1) After 28 days of curing, flexural strength peaked with 2.0% steel, 1.5% glass, and 2.0% polypropylene fibers, increasing by 118.6%, 42.86%, and 138.6%, respectively, over plain concrete. Compressive strength increased by 2.13%, 10%, and 18.3% at optimal dosages of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% for steel, glass, and polypropylene fibers. Fiber effects on compressive strength were less significant than on flexural strength, with polypropylene fibers outperforming the others. (2) Based on ABAQUS numerical simulations, microscopic analysis indicates that fibers, due to their high yield capacity, enhance the connections between concrete elements, reduce stress concentration, and improve the mechanical properties of concrete. (3) For shotcrete, 2.0% polypropylene fibers were preferred due to high flexural strength and reduced agglomeration. (4) The optimal dosage was applied to a mine’s wet shotcrete support, effectively controlling tunnel deformation. These findings provide practical guidance for shotcrete applications.

Thermal hazard comparison and assessment of Li-ion battery and Na-ion battery

Na-ion batteries are considered a promising next-generation battery alternative to Li-ion batteries, due to the abundant Na resources and low cost. Most efforts focus on developing new materials to enhance energy density and electrochemical performance to enable it comparable to Li-ion batteries, without considering thermal hazard of Na-ion batteries and comparison with Li-ion batteries. To address this issue, our work comprehensively compares commercial prismatic lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM523) battery and Na-ion battery of the same size from thermal hazard perspective using Accelerating Rate Calorimeter. The thermal hazard of the three cells is then qualitatively assessed from thermal stability, early warning and thermal runaway severity perspectives by integrating eight characteristic parameters. The Na-ion cell displays comparable thermal stability with LFP while LFP exhibits the lowest thermal runaway hazard and severity. However, the Na-ion cell displays the lowest safety venting temperature and the longest time interval between safety venting and thermal runaway, allowing the generated gas to be released as early as possible and detected in a timely manner, providing sufficient time for early warning. Finally, a database of thermal runaway characteristic temperature for Li-ion and Na-ion cells is collected and processed to delineate four thermal hazard levels for quantitative assessment. Overall, LFP cells exhibit the lowest thermal hazard, followed by the Na-ion cells and NCM523 cells. This work clarifies the thermal hazard discrepancy between the Na-ion cell and prevalent Li-ion cells, providing crucial guidance for development and application of Na-ion cell.

The advancement of EVA polymerization kinetics and development of high-performance EVOH polymerization process

Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) is a material with excellent barrier properties, produced via the radical copolymerization of ethylene and vinyl acetate in solution, followed by alcoholysis in methanol with NaOH as a catalyst. It is widely used in packaging and medical materials. However, balancing the barrier properties and processability remains challenging. Currently, multi-scale research methods using density functional theory (DFT) to explore polymerization mechanisms and obtain kinetic data, combined with process simulation methods to develop high-performance EVOH polymerization process, are gaining attention. Therefore, this study employs DFT and transition state theory (TST) methods to study the kinetics of chain growth and chain transfer reactions of radicals at first, yielding the average chain growth and chain transfer rate constants for copolymerization reactions. Then, based on these rate constants, process simulations were used to model the ethylene–vinyl acetate solution copolymerization reactor, developing polymerization process for EVOH with high barrier properties as well as EVOH with both high barrier properties and good processability. These findings provide suggestions and guidance for EVOH production and application.

Network pharmacology and experimental verification unraveled the mechanism of Bailing Capsule against asthma.

Asthma is a serious public health challenge around the world. Recent studies into traditional Chinese medicine preparations for asthma have yielded promising findings regarding Bailing Capsule's potential in bronchial asthma prevention and treatment. This study aims to initially clarify the potential mechanism of Bailing Capsule in the treatment of asthma using network pharmacology and in vitro experimental approaches. Network pharmacology was adopted to detect the active ingredients of Bailing Capsule via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database, and the key targets and signaling pathways in the treatment of asthma were predicted. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to verify the most important interactions formed by these probes within different regions of the binding site. The predicted targets were validated in lipopolysaccharide-induced 16HBE cell experiment. Seven active ingredients were screened from Bailing Capsule, 294 overlapping targets matched with asthma were considered potential therapeutic targets, such as SRC, TP53, STAT3, and E1A binding protein P300. The main functional pathways involving these key targets include phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, renin-angiotensin system and other signaling pathways, which were mainly involved in the inflammatory response, apoptosis, and xenobiotic stimulus. Moreover, molecular docking showed that Cerevisterol have higher affinity for SRC, TP53, STAT3, and E1A binding protein P300 than other main active components, which is close to the docking results of the co-crystallized ligands to proteins. Consequently, Cerevisterol was selected for molecular dynamics simulation and the results show that Cerevisterol can bind most tightly to SRC, TP53, and STAT3. Bailing Capsule can promote the growth of 16HBE cell, reduce the production of IL-4, TNF-α and IL-6, and down-regulate the levels of SRC and STAT3 mRNA. This study preliminarily reveals the potential mechanism of Bailing Capsule against asthma with the aid of network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment, which provided reference and guidance for in-depth research and clinical application.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DENGAN LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK BERBANTUAN EXPRESSIVE WRITING PADA SISWA KELAS VII A SMP 1 BAE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2022/2023

The purpose of this research is improve student learning motivation in grade VII A students of SMP 1 Bae Kudus in academic years 2022/2023 before and after using guidance and group consulting services and to understanding the steps of student motivation learning using expressive writing technique able to improve students learning motivation in grade VII A students of SMP 1 Bae Kudus in academic years 2022/2023. This research is group consulting research consist of two cycles. Each cycle consist of 4 steps; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The Subject of this research is the students of grade VII A numbering 10 students. This research is group consulting research consist of two cycles. The Result of the research showed score obtained in students learning motivation increased by 12 from the initial score obtained during the pre-cycle, the average score was 9 with the Very Poor (VP), Cycle I average score was 14 with the enough (E) Category, and in cycle II the average score was 21 with the Excellent (EX) Category. Conclusion of this research is the students learning motivation can be improved after application guidance and group consulting services with expressive writing technique to class grade VII A Students of SMP 1 Bae Kudus as evidenced by the result of collaborator observations of the researcher in the implementation of cycle I obtained an average score 55 in the Poor (P) category. Cycle II obtained an average of 88 with the Excellent (EX) Category). So Guidance and group consulting services using expressive writing technique carried out by researcher from cycle I to cycle II increased by an average of 33.

Phosphocreatine ameliorates hepatocellular apoptosis mediated by protecting mitochondrial damage in liver ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibiting TLR4 and Agonizing Akt Pathway

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (HI/R) presents significant challenges in surgical liver transplantation and hepatic ischemic shock, with few effective clinical preventive measures available. This study explores the potential protective effects and underlying mechanisms of phosphocreatine (PCr) in the context of HI/R. We established an in vitro ischemia/reperfusion model using hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells and normal liver L02 cells. For in vivo assessments, C57BL/6 mice were subjected to the HI/R model to evaluate the impact of PCr on liver protection. PCr pretreatment significantly improved liver cell survival rates, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduced apoptosis, and alleviated oxidative damage and inflammatory responses. Importantly, PCr exerted its protective effects by downregulating TLR4 and activating the Akt signaling pathway, which suppressed inflammation, mitigated oxidative stress, inhibited apoptosis, and modulated key biomarkers, including ALT, AST, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, SOD, MDA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Western blot analyses demonstrated PCr's anti-inflammatory effects through the regulation of UCP2, Cyp-D, Cyt-C, and PGC-1α, thereby preserving mitochondrial structure and function, maintaining MMP, and regulating membrane pores. Transmission electron microscopy further highlighted PCr's role in sustaining mitochondrial integrity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that PCr helps maintain mitochondrial homeostasis by intervening in the TLR4 inflammatory pathway and activating the Akt signaling pathway, ultimately reducing liver injury. This study offers new insights and potential treatment strategies for HI/R, providing valuable guidance for future clinical applications.

Combinatorial approach to predict synergistic ablation behavior of carbon fiber phenolic composites under aerodynamic loading

The study conducts a comprehensive analysis across 1-D, 2-D, and 2-D axisymmetric geometries, investigating temperature profiles, surface recession patterns, pyrolysis gas flow dynamics, and density fluctuations within the composite material. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the FEA technique in modeling complex multi-physical interactions associated with ablation phenomena. The carbon-phenolic composites, characterized by low thermal conductivity, high specific heat capacity, and substantial char yield, are shown to be particularly well-suited as ablative materials. The char layer formed during ablation acts as an additional insulating barrier, enhancing thermal protection. In a specific case study, a 2 cm thick composite laminate was subjected to an intense heat flux of 200 W/cm2 for 180 s. The results demonstrate that the Thermal Protection System (TPS) effectively maintains the back face temperature below 350 K for the initial 60 s under uniform heat flux conditions. However, beyond this period, the back face temperature gradually increases, reaching 1698 K at the end of the 180-s simulation. These insights into the material’s thermal performance under severe heat exposure conditions provide valuable guidance for applications requiring effective heat management and thermal protection.

Pengaruh Bimbingan Konseling Rational Emotive Behavior Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Di SMP Negeri 35 Sinjai

This study aims to determine: the effect of the application of REBT counseling guidance on the learning motivation of students of SMP Negeri 35 Sinjai. This study is a quantitative study using the ex post facto method. The population of this study was all students in class VII.2 of SMP Negeri 35 Sinjai as many as 23 people consisting of 10 males and 13 females. The data collection techniques were questionnaires and documentation. The data analysis technique was quantitative research using statistical methods. The results of the study on the questionnaire sheet showed that the application of REBT counseling guidance had an effect of 32.7% on students' learning motivation. The results showed that Thitung counseling REBT 3.193> Ttable student learning motivation 2.085 and the significance value or probability was 0.004 <0.05, this means that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. Based on the description above, it shows that the implementation of REBT counseling guidance has an effect on the learning motivation of students at SMP Negeri 35 Sinjai.