Guava Plants Research Articles

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on chemical characters of winter season guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv.L-49

A field experiment was conducted during 2018 at Horticulture Research Farm-I, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow on 6 year old guava plants, ‘Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on chemical characters of winter season guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv.L-49’, revealed that TSS (12.60 0Brix), Acidity (0.21%), Ascorbic acid content (209.69 mg/100 pulp), Total sugar (8.52%), Reducing sugar (5.01%) and Non-reducing sugar (3.51%) were maximized when foliar spray was done with Borax (0.1%) and Zinc Sulphate (0.2%) respectively.

Antimicrobial Activity of Psidium Guajava (Guava) Leaves Extract on Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae that Cause Multi-Drug Resistant Urinary Tract Infections

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are plasmid-mediated enzymes commonly found in the Enterobacteriaceae that are capable of hydrolysing s-lactams except carbapenems and cephamycins. ESBLs also confer resistance to several non-s-lactam antibiotics. ESBL producing isolates are predominantly Klebsiella pneumoniae and Eschericia coli . Klebsiella pneumoniae are one of the most common causes of urinary tract infections such as cystitis and pyelonephritis developed by about 150 million people in every given year. ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae appear susceptible to cephalosporins in vitro using conventional breakpoints but ineffective in vivo . This has limited treatment options for urinary tract infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamases -producing K. pneumoniae . This study determined the in vitro efficacy of Psidium guajava on extended-spectrum beta-lactamases -producing K. pneumoniae using agar well diffusion and well microplate dilution method. Serial dilutions of the ethanolic extract of the leaves were prepared and tested against the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases-producing K. pneumoniae. The phytochemical screening was performed to determine the antibacterial compounds. The guava leaves extracts concentrations ranging from 50 mg/ml – 200 mg/ml showed active diameter zone of inhibition. The ethanolic extract of guava leaves had minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 6.25mg/ml indicating significant antibiotic activity against the ESBL isolates. The phytochemical screening of the guava leaves showed the presence of antimicrobial phytochemicals such as flavonoids. Ethanolic extracts of guava leaves is proving to be efficacious against multi-drug resistant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae , which a major cause urinary tract infections. This offers hope for the development of effective antibiotics against multi-drug resistant urinary tract infections due to the presence of flavonoids in the guava leaf extracts. Therefore, there is the need to determine the toxicological effect of the active antimicrobial compounds isolated in the leaf extracts of guava plant. Keywords : Psidium guajava , Flavonoids, Multi-drug resistant, Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/11-22-02 Publication date: November 30 th 2020

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Psidium Guajava (Guava) Plant

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Psidium Guajava (Guava) Plant

Sequential spectral changes of Meloidogyne enterolobii-infected plants using two dimensional correlation IR spectroscopy

Summary In this work, we found that tomato and guava plants infected with Meloidogyne enterolobii showed different Fourier-transformed infrared spectral patterns compared to non-infected plants. Additionally, by using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) we were able to track and explain those spectral differences according to the progression of the nematode infection in the plants. In general, 2D-COS reveals the same chain of changes in both tomatoes and guavas when under nematode infection. There is a decrease in bands representing amino acids and proteins, fatty acids and lipids are down-regulated, and sugars and total phenols increase in leaves of infected plants. The application of this technique provides useful information on the metabolic and biochemical changes in plant tissues when diseased in a rapid manner. This technique could be used in the future, combined with other methods, to improve field diagnosis, quality control, or to reduce analytical time for biochemical purposes.

Mirid bug, Helopeltis cinchonae Mann: a new pest of economically important horticultural crops in Northeast India

The mirid bug, Helopeltis cinchonae Mann (Order: Hemiptera) has been recorded for the first time on six economically important horticultural crops in India. The infestation of H. cinchonae was considerably higher during June–July on guava, geranium and chrysanthemum plants; whereas during August–September on brinjal and chili plants. Mirid bug, H. cinchonae was found causing significant yield losses to guava fruits and chili plants in Meghalaya. This study provides basic knowledge on biology, feeding damage and morphological characters of H. cinchonae supported with its DNA barcode and phylogeny.

Glyphosate Potassium Salt Dosage Efficacy to Weed Control in Guava Plants

Glyphosate Potassium Salt Dosage Efficacy to Weed Control in Guava Plants

Record of pestiferous land snail, <i>Macrochlamys indica</i> Godwin-Austen 1883 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae), on citrus and guava plants in Punjab, India

Occurrence of land snail, Macrochlamys indica Godwin-Austen, 1883 (Gastropoda: Ariophantidae) in citrus (Kinnow mandarin and its rootstock Jatti khatti) and guava nursery of Punjab, India is reported. This species has been observed as an important mollusc pest of citrus and guava nursery plants in Punjab. Snails avoid hot, dry weather and are active during night when temperature is less. They feed on succulent, tender leaves and create irregular holes with smooth edges on leaves by scraping with their rasp-like tongues. Their peak activity period in Punjab is rainy season. This is the first report of occurrence of this snail in nursery of fruit crops from Punjab, particularly citrus and guava plants. Further studies are required to know its behaviour and economic loss on agricultural crops so as to develop a suitable management strategy.

The use of infrared spectroscopy and machine learning tools for detection ofMeloidogyneinfestations

AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes are generally soilborne pathogens that attack plants and cause economic losses in many crops. The infested plants show nonspecific symptoms or, often, are symptomless; therefore, diagnosis is performed by taking soil and root tissue samples. Here, we show that a combination of different infrared spectra analysis and machine learning algorithms can be used to detect plant parasitic nematode infestations before symptoms become visible, using leaves instead of roots and soil as samples. We found that tomato and guava plants infested withMeloidogyne enterorlobiiproduced different spectral patterns compared to uninfested plants. Using partial spectra from 1,450 to 900/cm as the "fingerprint region", principal component analyses indicated that after 5 (tomatoes) or 8 weeks (guava), plants with no visible symptoms of infestations were positively diagnosed. To improve the early detection response, we used machine learning modelling. A support vector machine (SVM) was used to obtain more robust, accurate models. The SVM model contained 34 support vectors, 17 for each level. The overall performance of the model was >97% and the total accuracy was significantly higher, demonstrating the absence of chance prediction. The best prediction of infestation was obtained at the second and fourth weeks for tomatoes and guavas, respectively, reducing the diagnostic time by half. The combined application of these techniques reduces the processing time from field to laboratory and shows enormous advantages by avoiding root and soil sampling.

Hongos micorrízicos nativos como promotores de crecimiento en plantas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.)

En esta investigación se evaluaron diferentes consorcios micorrízicos arbusculares nativos, en el crecimiento de plantas de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.). Se estableció un experimento totalmente al azar con siete inóculos de hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA) denominados: Las Campesinas (LC), Carlos Rojas (CR), Paso Ancho (PA), El limón (EL), Cerro del Metate (CM) (consorcios nativos), una cepa comercial (INIFAP®), y un control sin HMA, en una mezcla de arena-suelo esterilizada y bajo condiciones de invernadero. Semillas de guayaba fueron germinadas en arena esterilizada y posteriormente, las plántulas fueron trasplantadas a bolsa de vivero con una mezcla de arena-suelo esterilizada, donde fueron inoculadas con los diferentes tratamientos de HMA. Después de 125 días, se realizó un muestreo destructivo donde se registró, la altura de planta, el diámetro del tallo, el área foliar, la materia fresca y seca de cada órgano. Así como, la relación materia seca de la parte aérea/materia seca de la raíz, el índice de robustez y el índice de Dickson, como variables de calidad de planta. Cómo variables microbiológicas se determinó, la micorrización radicular y la cantidad de esporas en el sustrato. Los resultados mostraron un efecto diferencial en el crecimiento en las plantas de guayaba, cuando se inocularon con algún consorcio nativo de HMA. Entre los diferentes consorcios evaluados, EL promovió el mejor desarrollo y calidad de planta, y fue donde se alcanzó la mayor colonización y producción de esporas en el sustrato. La mayor tasa de mortalidad se registró en las plantas sin HMA, o inoculadas con el inóculo INIFAP. Los porcentajes de colonización fueron superiores al 60%, excepto en el consorcio CM. Por lo anterior se puede mencionar que, el uso de HMA podría ser una práctica recomendable para el cultivo sustentable de guayabas en invernadero.

CRECIMIENTO DE CULTIVARES DE GUAYABO EN CONDICIONES DE ESTRÉS POR SALINIDAD

El guayabo (Psidum guajava L.) es un cultivo rústico que puede ser utilizado en zonas con suelos marginales. Esta investigación se planteó con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta del guayabo a estrés salino durante la etapa de crecimiento. Las plantas se obtuvieron de estacas enraizadas de los cultivares Calvillo Siglo XXI y Merita. El experimento se realizó bajo un sistema hidropónico a raíz flotante, en solución Steiner 50 %. Se evaluaron cinco condiciones de salinidad y se ajustó la conductividad eléctrica (CE) con NaCl a 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 y 3.5 dS m-1, y el testigo a 1.2 dS m-1 sin NaCl. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones. Las variables evaluadas fueron número y longitud de brotes, número de hojas por brote, vida media de hoja, volumen de agua transpirada, contenido de clorofila, área foliar, longitud de raíces, materia fresca y seca en hojas, tallo y raíz, concentración foliar y radical de P, Ca, K y Na, y densidad y diámetro longitudinal de estomas. El cultivar Calvillo Siglo XXI superó a Merita en contenido de clorofila (36.35 vs 32.74 unidades SPAD); Merita, en cambio, presentó mayor concentración de P (0.1306 vs 0.1106 %) y Ca (1.0514 vs 0.7463 %) en hoja. La salinidad disminuyó la vida media de la hoja de 74 a 42 d; las hojas presentaron en promedio mayor concentración de K que la raíz (2.372 vs 0.966 %). A 3.5 dS m-1 de CE la concentración de K disminuyó en 31.8 % en hojas y 55.5 % en raíz, y la concentración de Na en hojas incrementó en 68.6 % en comparación con el testigo. La capacidad de los dos cultivares de mantener alta concentración de K en hojas, así como el transporte del Na hacia las hojas, incrementó la resistencia a la salinidad de los cultivares en los niveles evaluados. La salinidad no tuvo efecto significativo en el crecimiento de las plantas de guayabo.

In vitro growth performance of Psidium guajava and P. guineense plantlets as affected by culture medium formulations

The adjustment of protocols for the in vitro culture is fundamental for the conservation and application of biotechnological techniques of Psidium spp. This study has been aimed to determine the most appropriate culture medium formulation for the in vitro culture of Psidium guajava ‘Paluma’ (cv. GP) and a wild relative species, P. guineense. Seedlings of three accessions (Y93, Y95, and Y97) of P. guineense and cv. GP, previously germinated in vitro, were inoculated in the JADS, MS, and WPM culture media. After 110 days of culture, the growth morpho-physiological and nutritional parameters were assayed in the guava shoots. The use of JADS culture medium led to the highest growth in both guava species. The largest stomatal index was observed in the abaxial leaf surface of the plants grown in JADS, except for the accession Y97, which showed higher values in MS. The nutritional analysis revealed that the accumulation of nutrients in P. guineense shoots did not coincide with the composition of the culture media. Present studies conclude that the in vitro growth of the plants was influenced by the composition of the culture medium, being JADS the most indicated for the micropropagation of these guava plant species.

Android-based Disease Identification on Crystal Guava's Leaf using Enterprise Unified Process Method

Subang Crystal Guava farmer groups have problems in the management and maintenance of plants that are still carried out by way of going down outside the Operating System Procedure (SOP) provided by the Subang Agriculture Service, especially in the management of disease prevention or plant pests and harvesting of Crystal Guava fruit . This makes the process of checking yields take a long time if it has to be adjusted to the SOP provisions. One alternative solution that aims to provide direction and treatment to farmers in managing guava crystals is to apply informatics technology in the form of an application model built for disease identification on Android-based guava leaves. This application uses the camera facilities on mobile phones to take photos of guava leaf samples. The research method used is a software development method (Enterprise Unified Process) whose stages include Construction, Transition, and Production. Java as a programming language, and Android Studio Tools as the editor. Application Identification of diseases on the guava leaves that were built after the trial can be used by the Crystal Guava Farmers in the Subang farmer group as a tool to determine the disease in the guava plants so that a method is obtained to treat the guava plants with a yield that is harvested expected to be optimal.

Çeşitli Biyoaktivatör Uygulamalarının Çarkıfelek ve Guava Bitkilerinin Fidan Gelişimi Üzerine Etkileri

Passifloraceae familyasında yer alan çarkıfelek bitkisi dünyada meyve olarak tüketiminin yanında tıbbi amaçlı ve süs bitkisi olarak da kullanılabilmektedir. Besin deposu olarak adlandırılan guava (Psidium guajava L.) meyveleri ise hem taze hem de işlenmiş olarak tüketilmektedir. Tıbbi önemi ve besleyicilik değerleri yüksek olan, ülkemizde yetiştiriciliği sadece ılıman güney sahillerinde yapılabilen çarkıfelek ve guava bitkilerinin meyvelerinin ihracat potansiyelinin bulunması, bu bitkilere ticari önem kazandırmaktadır. Bu çalışma bazı biyoaktivatör uygulamalarının çarkıfelek ve guava bitkilerinin fidan büyüme ve gelişime kriterleri üzerine olan etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme 2018-2019 yılları arasında sera koşullarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak Akdeniz Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Araştırma ve Deneme Alanında, tohumdan çimlendirilerek elde edilen çöğürler kullanılmıştır. Biyoaktivatör olarak Messenger, Crop-set ve ISR-2000 isimli 3 farklı ticari preparat kullanılmıştır. Uygulamaların bitkilerin büyüme ve gelişmesine olan etkisini belirleyebilmek amacıyla haftalık olarak gövde boyu (cm), gövde çapı (mm) ve yaprak sayısı (adet/bitki) ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, çarkıfelek bitkisinde en yüksek ortalama gövde boyu (10,17 cm), gövde çapı (13,56 mm) ISR-2000 uygulamasında ulaşıldığı tayin edilmiştir. Guava bitkisinde ise Messenger uygulamasından en yüksek ortalama gövde boyu (11,93 cm), gövde çapı (16,44 mm) ve yaprak sayısı (9,07 adet/bitki) değerlerine ulaşılmıştır. Elde dilen sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde, çarkıfelek fidanı yetiştiriciliğinde ISR-2000 biyoaktivatörünün, guava fidanı yetiştiriciliği için ise Messenger biyoaktivatörünün uygulanabileceğini tavsiye edilmektedir.

Estimation and correlation of chlorophyll and nitrogen contents in Psidium guajava L. with destructive and non-destructive methods

Estimating photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophylls, as well as the foliar nitrogen content is very important for the evaluation of the nutritional and physiological status of a plant. However, producers cannot easily carry out these estimations because they involve analyses in laboratories that are costly and time-consuming. The SPAD-502 total chlorophyll index meter is efficient at rapidly estimating total chlorophyll contents in situ, along with its relationship with the total nitrogen concentration in tissues. The objective of this research was to validate a non-destructive in situ method (SPAD) for use in place of destructive estimation methods for chlorophylls a, b and total, as well as the foliar nitrogen concentration in guava plants (Pisium guajaba L.), cv. Regional Roja, in three phenological stages under the conditions of the municipality of Vélez-Santander (Colombia). The data obtained with the SPAD-502 and the content of chlorophylls a, b and total were adjusted to a second-degree polynomial with correlation coefficients (r) greater than 0.91 for the three phenological stages, while the concentration of foliar nitrogen was adjusted to a linear type model with determination coefficients (R2) higher than 0.90, indicating a highly linear correlation between the non-destructive method and the destructive methods used in the present study.

Determination of physical properties of guava (Psidium guajava)

The physical properties of Lucknow-49 (Sardar Guava) variety of guava fruits and its peduncle, stemand plant parameters were studied for the development of harvesting device for guava fruit. The different properties of guava fruit, viz., its average equivalent diameter, sphericity, and average weight of single fruit, volume of ripe fruit, true density, specific gravity, average angle of external friction, coefficient of friction, angle of repose were found to be63.77mm, 0.9616, 143.01g, 144cm3, 0.976g/cm3, 0.976, 16.37o, 0.29 and 34.81o respectively. The fruit’s colour and shape were observed as dark green to yellowish green and round to ovate respectively. Apart from guava fruit, the physical properties of guava peduncle and stem were studied. An average diameter, length, angle with branch, cutting strength, stress and torque of guava peduncle were found to be 2.36mm, 27.1mm, 37o, 137.401 N, 33.570 N/mm2and 0.325 N m respectively. An average diameter, length, cutting strength, stress and torque of guava stem were found to be 3.2mm, 48.4mm, 276.556 N, 41.322N/mm2and 0.886 Nm respectively. Guava plant parameters, viz., height of plant, plant canopy diameter and plant canopy volume were estimated as 3.825m, 5m and 24.76m3 respectively. An automated approach was designed leveraging C# programming language for self-serving calculations of different metrics during the course of this research study.

Expert System Diagnosing Disease of Honey Guava Using Bayes Method

Honey Guava Fruit (Green Guava Deli) is one of the fruit that are very popular, liked, and consumed by the people. The pProblems that cause a decline in the quality of guava due to honey guava plants can also be attacked by disease. The limited access information about honey guava disease is one of the obstacles, while the number of agricultural experts is still insufficient. In this study a media system will built with an expert system approach. The application development phase begins with the system analysis stage, namely data analysis and system requirements description, building a knowledge base, Data Flow Diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram, and creating a table structure, table design, and interface menu design. After the design phase is complete, it is continued to the implementation and testing phase of the application. This application uses Visual basic. Net as a programming language and Sql Server as a database. The research was conducted to make Honey Guava Disease Diagnosis System Expert System software that can work like an agricultural expert. The system is able to diagnose as many as 3 diseases using the Bayes Theorem method.

Preliminary Phitochemical Analysis Of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) Extract As Antidiarrheal In Calves

Guava plants (Psidium guajava L) are fruit plants originating from South America and can thrive in the territory of Indonesia. Now the biggest center for guava cultivation is spread in DKI Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, East Java, Yogyakarta, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, Sumatra and Kalimantan. In addition to taking the fruit, guava leaves are also used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea in human and animals. This study aims to identify active compounds in guava leaves. That is a secondary metabolites with pharmacological effects as anti diarrhea such as flavonoid, alkaloid, tannins and essential oils. The leaves sample used in this study were taken from farmers in the West Denpasar area, Bali. Extraction of guava leaf leaves using 96% ethanol, and phytochemical analysis was carried out to detect the presence of active compounds. The data obtained is presented and analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results showed that the ethanol extract of guava leaves contained active compound inclaude steroid/triterpenoid, phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. It can be concluded that guava leaf extract contains are potential antidiarrheal

Perbaikan Kualitas Buah Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava L.) Kultivar Getas Merah melalui Aplikasi GA3, sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Daya Saing Buah Lokal

Quality Improvement of Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.) “Getas Merah” Cultivar Through GA3 Application, as an Effort to Increase Local Fruit Competitiveness. This study aimed to improve the quality of fruit of Getas Merah guava, which reduces the content of fruit seeds by giving gibberellic acids (GA3). This research was conducted in Banjar Lawak, Bilok Sidan Village, Petang District, Badung Regency from July to November 2017. The area of guava plant used by farmers with rental system. Samples taken in the field and then analyzed at the Laboratory of Agronomy and Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University. Analysis of chemical content of fruits carried out in Food Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Agricultural Technology Udayana University. This experiment was a one-factor experiment with GA3 concentration of six levels i.e. G0 = 0 ppm, G1 = 50 ppm, G2 = 100 ppm, G3 = 150 ppm, G4 = 200 ppm and G5 = 250 ppm. Each level of treatments was repeated 5 times. The results showed that there was a decrease of seed content in fruit of 9.24% (GA3 of 50 ppm), 13.99% (GA3 of 100 ppm), 46.33% (GA3 of 150 ppm), 48.92% (GA3 of 200 ppm), and 65.01% (GA3 of 250 ppm) when compared to controls. In this study the treatment of several levels of concentration can reduce the number of seeds, but can not make fruit without seeds.

Keberadaan Mikovirus Berdasarkan Deteksi Berbasis RNA pada Colletotrichum Hipovirulen

Fertilization is any effort that aims to increase the availability of nutrients needed by plants, and increase crop production. The study aimed to obtain fertilizer types, fertilizer dosages and combinations of types and dosages of fertilizers suitable for growth and yield of Crystal Guava plants. The study was conducted on October 2018 to Mei 2019 on farmer’s land, Banjarsari Kulon Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency and Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Sudirman University. The experimental design used was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the type of fertilizer, namely NPK, SP-36 and MKP fertilizers. The second factor was fertilizer dosage, namely 20 g / plant, 30 g / plant, 40 g / plant and 50 g / plant. Observed data were done by Analysis of Variance and if it significantly affected then DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) was carried out at the level of 5%. The results showed that the most effective type of NPK fertilizer and dosage of 20 g / plant. The combination of NPK fertilizer with a dose of 20 g / plant was the most effective treatment for increasing the growth and yields of the Crystal Guava plant.

Pemanfaatan Macam dan Dosis Pupuk untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jambu Biji Kristal (<em>Psidium Guajava</em>)

<p>Fertilization is any effort that aims to increase the availability of nutrients needed by plants, and increase crop production. The study aimed to obtain fertilizer types, fertilizer dosages and combinations of types and dosages of fertilizers suitable for growth and yield of Crystal Guava plants. The study was conducted on October 2018 to Mei 2019 on farmer’s land, Banjarsari Kulon Village, Sumbang District, Banyumas Regency and Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jenderal Sudirman University. The experimental design used was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the type of fertilizer, namely NPK, SP-36 and MKP fertilizers. The second factor was fertilizer dosage, namely 20 g / plant, 30 g / plant, 40 g / plant and 50 g / plant. Observed data were done by Analysis of Variance and if it significantly affected then DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) was carried out at the level of 5%. The results showed that the most effective type of NPK fertilizer and dosage of 20 g / plant. The combination of NPK fertilizer with a dose of 20 g / plant was the most effective treatment for increasing the growth and yields of the Crystal Guava plant.</p>