The scientific article is devoted to the study of the historical and legal aspects of the formation of the prosecution bodies as participants in civil proceedings. Taking into account the complex analysis, it was determined that Peter I in the Russian Empire was the first state-created supervisory body that represented the prosecution bodies. It was the duty of the Fiscals to secretly report all crimes of non-compliance with bills, bribery, theft from treasury and, in general, all circumstances in national cases in which there is no petitioner. All fiscal reports could be made directly and directly even to the sovereign himself. Carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter of the study, the author proposed as the first stage of the development of the procedural status of the prosecutor in civil proceedings to allocate the time period from the formation of the prosecutor’s office in 1722 to the provincial reform of 1775. Because, that is when the Institute of Public Prosecutor Supervision emerges and becomes, both in its entirety and in some of its directions, including ensuring the participation of the prosecutor in the civil process. There were objective prerequisites for the appearance of the prosecutor’s office, since the activities of the fiscal service and other officials in the field of state oversight ceased to meet the requirements set by Peter I and ensure the fulfillment of the tasks set. At the same time, the basic principles of building the supervisory bodies that preceded the establishment of the prosecutor’s office, including state guarantees of independence, a wide range of powers, material incentives, were important and were used in the formation of the new supervisory body. As it is established, the duties of the prosecutor in the settlement of civil disputes by the time of the reign of Peter I were limited only to the observation of the activity of court places. The Prosecutor’s Office acted solely as a supervisory authority, mainly in the case management, which was not endowed with any independent procedural powers. However, in the future, the scope of civil prosecutorial powers of the prosecutor was expanded: he was able to attend court sessions, study civil cases, receive necessary documents for supervisory activity, respond to identified violations, including in the interests of rights and interest’s persons. The main areas of activity of the prosecutor in civil proceedings at the first stage of development of his legal status were identified and systematized. They received their legal support and expressed themselves in ensuring the legality and validity of court orders, as well as overseeing the proper and timely consideration of cases in the courts.