Growth Regulators BAP Research Articles

Induksi Tunas Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) secara Invitro

Tissue culture techniques provide an alternative to vegetative plant propagation efforts in conservation efforts for Karamunting, the existence of which is becoming increasingly rare. The explant as the material used is the result of in vitro germination using several concentrations of GA3. This research was structured in the form of a factorial experiment with a completely randomized factorial design (RAL) with 2 factors. The first factor is the BAP concentration with three levels, namely B1 = BAP 0.5 B2 = BAP1 ppm and B3 = BAP 1.5 ppm. The second factor is the concentration of TDZ with three levels, namely T1 = TDZ 0 ppm, T2 = TDZ 0.25 ppm and T3 = TDZ 0.5 ppm. The results of the research showed that there was an interaction between the growth regulators BAP and TDZ on the percentage of live explants and the height of karamunting explants. In terms of the percentage of live explants, giving BAP 0.50 ppm without TDZ is the best concentration with a live percentage of 100%. Treatment of 1 ppm BAP and 0.25 ppm TDZ produced the highest shoots, namely 2.83 mm. The time of emergence of shoots and the number of shoots per explant had no interaction and the influence of a single factor, several concentrations of BAP and TDZ.

Micropropagation of autochthonous olive varieties from Türkiye

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the oldest cultivated fruit species in the world. Fruits and oils of autocthonous olive varieties (native Turkish olive varieties) with unique sensory properties (taste, smell and aroma) gain importance recently. Particularly olive oil companies looking for varieties that have distinct taste, smell and aroma in their oil. Propagation of olive varieties by cuttings and grafting is very difficult and expensive, therefore it is important to find solution for easy and mass propagation. Micropropagation is particularly beneficial to propagate plants that are difficult to reproduce conventionally or to ensure virus-free plants or plants with particular qualities. In this study, in vitro micropropagation success of two autocthonous olive varieties (‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’) grown in the origin center of olive, Southeast Anatolia, Türkiye was investigated. Both varieties, have distinct smell, taste and aroma and are difficult to root by cuttings. The effects of three different medium OM (Olive Medium), WPM (Woody Plant Medium) and DKW (Driver-Kuniyuki Walnut Medium) and two different growth regulators BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and Zeatin on shoot induction (proliferation) in the in vitro micropropagation of the olive varieties were examined. Obtained shoots were later subjected to in vitro rooting and acclimatization. The highest proliferation efficiency and shoot length for both varieties were obtained with the use of 1 mg Zeatin+0.1 mg GAɜ hormone combinations on OM medium. ‘Mavi’ variety formed more roots compared to ‘Guleki’ (3.33 vs. 2.75 per shoots), and gave the highest rooting rate of 74.33% with 2 mg IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) treatment on ½ OM medium. In terms of rooting rate, Guleki gave the highest rooting (100%) on medium containing ½ OM, 0.2 mg GA3 and 4 mg IBA. 60% and 75% of the micropropagated plants of ‘Mavi’ and ‘Guleki’ varieties adapted well to the external conditions.

Effect of growth regulators BAP and NAA for in vitro multiplication and elongation of Corymbia citriodora juvenile explants

Effect of growth regulators BAP and NAA for in vitro multiplication and elongation of Corymbia citriodora juvenile explants

EFFECT OF NAA AND BAP APPLICATION ON THE GROWTH RESPONSES OF Mentha × piperita L.

Mentha × piperita L., also known as peppermint, is a plant with various uses, including medicine, cosmetics, and food. Numerous industries have a high need for peppermint products, but Indonesia is currently unable to meet this demand and should continue to import peppermint. One effort can be made to improve cultivation procedures, and tissue culture becomes one alternative. This research uses shoots as explants with Murashige & Skoog's basic media and growth regulators BAP and NAA. The research was conducted in two phases: six-week initial planting and seven-week subculture. The treatment of BAP 4 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L provides better performance for the number of leaves, and BAP 3 mg/L produced the best response regarding the number of shoots. Furthermore, BAP 1 mg/L + NAA 1 mg/L produced the best response to shoot height and number of leaves, and BAP 3 mg/L + NAA 0.5 mg/L generated the best response to root length. Based on the research, BAP 3 mg/L is the optimal treatment.

Multiple Plant Regeneration from Embryogenic Calli of Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud.

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of plant growth regulators on callus induction and in vitro morphogenesis using various explants of Paulownia tomentosa to develop an efficient plant regeneration protocol. Different plant organ sections (leaves, apical shoot tips, petals, nodes, and internodes) were cultured as explants to identify the best in vitro explants responsive to callus induction and plant regeneration. Explants were cultivated on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators (TDZ (Thidiazuron), BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine), kinetin, and NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid). It was discovered that the addition of TDZ and NAA stimulated the induction of somatic embryogenesis. It was discovered that the MS medium with the combination of plant growth regulators BAP (35.5 µM) and NAA (5.4 µM) with the addition of 30.0 g/L maltose, 500.0 mg/L casein hydrolysate, and 250.0 mg/L L-proline was optimal for callus induction and multiple plant regeneration. The study of the regenerative capacity of various explants of Paulownia tomentosa in vitro showed that plant regeneration depends on the type of explant, and occurs in both ways, indirectly, through the formation of callus tissues and directly on the explant, without callus formation. As a result of this study, the efficient reproducible protocol of embryogenic callus formation and multiple shoot induction in vitro of Paulownia tomentosa was developed. This system provides a clear increase in the frequency of plant regeneration from 36.3 ± 3.4% to 38.6 ± 2.3% per embryogenic callus from leaves and apical shoot tips, respectively.

Features of somatic embryogenesis in the culture in vitro in hybrid grape form E-342

Correlation analysis of the influence of media variants with introducing various biologically active substances on the development of somatic embryoids and germinating seedlings in the hybrid form E-342 was carried out during two repeated subculturings on the same variant of media, and during the third subculturing - on different variants of media. The repeated subculturing in media with the same growth regulator BAP or IAA caused the development of abnormal large somatic embryoids without the expressed hypocotyls and cotyledons. Only the use of medium variant with DLPA in two subculturings (the third subculturing into the medium with BAP or IAA) and the third repeated subculturing with DLPA, but to a smaller extent, have led to the development of torpedo-shaped embryoids, to be growing into germinating seedlings. Strong positive correlation dependence of influence was established for: BAP on the development of heart-shaped embryoids; IAA on the increase in the size of globular embryoids and transformation of heart-shaped embryoids into torpedo-shaped ones; DLPA on the development of a great number of normal torpedo-shaped embryoids. After longstanding culturing of suspensions of cells and embryoids, it was not possible to get rid of chlorophyll deficiency in the resulting germinating seedlings due to somaclonal variability.

Pengaruh Pemberian Hormon NAA Dan BAP Pada Media MS (Murashige and Skoog) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Anggrek Vanda tricolor Secara In-Vitro

Vanda orchids in local and export markets have very high demand, this is not comparable to the limited vegetative propagation of Vanda orchids. Vanda orchid propagation by tissue culture method is a solution in the propagation of Vanda orchid seeds and with tissue culture, high quality orchid seeds are obtained. This study aims to determine the treatment of growth regulators NAA and BAP as well as to determine the optimum concentration of addition of NAA and BAP to the growing medium for Vanda orchids. This research is an experimental study in which researchers used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 4 different treatments, namely MS (0ppm NAA + 0ppm BAP), MS (2ppm NAA + 2ppm BAP), MS (4ppm NAA + 4ppm BAP), MS (6ppm NAA + 6ppm BAP) was repeated 3 times in each treatment and analyzed using (ANOVA) with a significant level (p<0.05) then continued using the Duncan Multiple Range Test. This study used test parameters, namely the number of roots, number of leaves, plantlet mass weight and plant height. The results of this study showed a significant difference with the administration of several treatments of growth regulators NAA and BAP on MS media. Treatment B (MS + 2ppm NAA + 2ppm BAP) was the best treatment in obtaining optimum results in order to increase the number of roots and mass weight of Vanda orchid plantlets. The results of this study can be used as a reference for cultivators of Vanda orchid tissue culture. Cultivators are advised to use growth regulators with a concentration of 2 ppm NAA and 2 ppm BAP to increase the number of roots and plantlet mass weight of Vanda orchids.
 
 Keywords: BAP, MS Media, NAA, Tissue Culture and Vanda Orchid.

REGENERATION CAPACITY OF NARROW-LOCALIZED ENDEMIC SPECIES Dianthus hypanicus Andrz. in vitro

Development of effective technology of rare and endangered plant species mass reproduction in vitro is one of the urgent nowadays tasks. Diantus hypanicus Andrz. of the Caryophyllaceae Juss. family belongs to this group of plants. It is an endemic, narrow-localized species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, the European Red List and the Annex to the Berne Convention. Prospects for the conservation of this species are associated with the study of its viability and require the development of effective reproduction methods. Aim. The purpose of the experiment was to determine the effect of different growth regulators concentrations on the D. hypanicus explants regenerative capacity during in vitro propagation. Methods. For the experiment the seed were used collected from plants of natural habitats and sown on a hormone-free nutrient medium according to the recipe of Murashige and Skoog. For 12–15 days, 4–6 cm long seedlings were obtained which were transferred to nutrient media modified with the content of growth-regulating substances: BAP 0.5–2.0 mg / l, IBA 0.01 mg / l and IAA 0.1 mg / l. Results. Initiation of adventitious buds with subsequent shoot formation was observed for 12–16 days. Each variant plants differed in number, growth activity and intensity, morphometric parameters. After 35–40 days from the explant introduction, conglomerates with well-developed leafy shoots were formed. It was found that, when modifying nutrient media with growth regulators BAP, IBA, IAA of different concentrations, D. hypanicus explants were actively undergoing regeneration processes of different intensity. Conclusions. It was proved that high ability to regenerate was the characteristic of explants cultured on a nutrient medium modified by the addition of BAP – 0.5 mg / l and IAA – 0.1 mg / l, where, on average, 18 ± 0.24 shoots of 2.42 ± 0.17 cm long were formed with a net reproduction of 19.06 ± 0.14. Shoots with 3.0–5.0 pairs of leaves that reached 3.5–6.0 cm were selected and transferred to nutrient media for rooting. Less developed shoots were planted on nutrient media for further reproduction. The next stage of the study is aimed at modifying nutrient media to achieve explants rhizogenesis and obtain a large number of plants necessary for the preservation of this endemic narrow-localized species in culture with subsequent repatriation to natural places of growth.

Plant tissue culture of Nicotiana tabacum cv. TAPM 26 and its minimum inhibition against herbicide-Dalapon

Current study is to establish a basic plant tissue culture of Nicotiana tabacum TAPM 26 and test the plant tissue on resistancies against 2,2 DCP an active ingredient in herbicide-Dalapon. During micropropagation, the surface sterilization method was ascertained on seeds of tobacco. HgCl2 was used to disinfect tobacco seeds at different concentrations (0.05 gL-1, 0.2 gL-1, 0.5 gL-1 and 1.0 gL-1) within three minutes. About 70% seeds were survived when exposed to 0.05 gL-1 of HgCl2, whereas, no seeds were germinated when sterilized at concentrations above 0.05 gL-1 of HgCl2. To optimize an efficient protocol of shoots and callus formation during in vitro regeneration, explant types and plant growth were studied. Growth regulators NAA (0.1 mgL-1, 0.2 mgL-1, 0.5 mgL-1, 1.0 mgL-1 and 2.0 mgL-1) and BAP (1.0 mgL-1, 2.0 mgL-1, 3.0 mgL-1 and 4.0 mgL-1) were used. The explants types were one month old leaves and two weeks old cotyledons. The maximum numbers of shoots per explants were obtained from cotyledon with combination 0.1 mgL-1 NAA and 1.0 mgL-1 BAP. The highest callus fresh weight was achieved when NAA 0.5 mgL-1 with BAP 1.0 mgL-1 after four weeks. Thus, the highest number of shoots produced per explants from leaves culture on the MS media containing 0.2 mgL-1 NAA and 4.0 mgL-1 BAP. The best callus fresh weight was obtained with combination of 1.0 mgL-1 NAA and 1.0 mgL-1 BAP by using leaves explant. Finally, Dalapon (5 gL-1, 10 gL-1, 15 gL-1 and 20 gL-1) were applied onto leaves and cotyledon cultures of N. tabacum to check on the minimum concentration of inhibition. The minimum concentration of inhibition of leaves and cotyledon cultures of N. tabacum was at 5 gL-1 of 2,2DCP but not at 10 gL-1, 15 gL-1 and 20 gL-1. This investigation will shed alight for future studies on transgenic tobacco resistant against Dalapon

In Vitro Propagation of Lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) with Growth Regulators BAP and NAA

Tanaman lili (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) merupakan tanaman hias dan bunga potong. Permintaan bunga potong lili sangat menjanjikan tetapi ketersediaan bibit masih terbatas. Penelitian ini terdiri dari perkecambahan biji lili secara in vitro pada media ½ Murashige & Skoog (MS), multiplikasi bagian eksplan pangkal dan ujung tunas pada berbagai perlakuan media MS kombinasi ZPT BAP dan NAA. Tujuannya untuk mendapatkan kombinasi media yang tepat dan mengetahui persentase tertinggi bagian eksplan yang mampu tumbuh tunas, akar dan kalus. Kombinasi media MS dengan BAP dan NAA yaitu (a) kontrol 0:0 mg L-1, (b) 0:0.1 mg L-1, (c) 0:1 mg L-1, (d) 0.1:0 mg L-1, (e) 0.1:0.1 mg L-1, (f) 0.1:1 mg L-1, (g) 1:0 mg L-1, (h) 0.1:1 mg L-1, (i) 1;1 mg L-1. Penelitian ini disusun dalam RAL faktorial dua faktor yaitu kombinasi pemberian BAP dan NAA, multiplikasi eksplan bagian pangkal dan ujung tunas. Biji lili mampu berkecambah sebanyak 58%. Media c dan i yang mampu menginduksi eksplan untuk tumbuh tunas, akar dan kalus. Media c mampu menginduksi tunas, akar dan kalus, media i mampu menginduksi akar dan kalus. Persentase respon pertumbuhan eksplan bagian pangkal tunas yaitu pertumbuhan tunas 11.1% dan akar 13.3%, sedangkan eksplan bagian ujung tunas menunjukkan pertumbuhan akar 6.7% tanpa pertumbuhan tunas. Pertumbuhan kalus menunjukkan hasil yang sama pada eksplan pangkal dan ujung tunas yaitu 4.4%.

In vitro propagation of white mahang (Macaranga hypoleuca (Reichb.f.et Zoll.) Mull Arg.)

White mahang (Macaranga hypoleuca Mull.Arg) is considered as an alternative species for light construction and traditional medicine. In vitro propagation, it has been attempted through series of in vitro propagation protocols, i.e., explant sterilization, shoots multiplication, root induction, and acclimatization using terminal and axillary buds explants. WPM basal medium supplemented by plant growth regulators BAP (cytokinin group), NAA and IBA (auxin group) were used for shoot regeneration studies. Various concentration of BAP (0, 0.5, 1 mg l−1), IBA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg l−1) and NAA (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 m l−1) were tested for shoot induction and elongation. Interaction between BAP concentration and explant types, both those taken from apex- and axillary- buds showed significant differences for shoot induction and elongation. The highest number of shoots were resulted from the WPM media containing BAP (0.5 mg l−1), while the addition of IBA (0.5-1.0 mg l−1) and NAA (0.01-0.1 mg l−1) combined with BAP (0-1.0 mg l−1) produced a high percentage of callus (> 60%). In vitro, rooting was induced on half-strength MS media supplemented with IBA (1 mg l−1). The regenerated shoots with developed root systems were successfully acclimatized and established in pots containing sand and compost (3:1).

Induksi Kalus Gaharu dengan NAA dan BAP Secara In Vitro

<p>Agarwood has a high economic value because they have many benefits that cause agarwood to be hunted to meet the increasing market demand and its presence in nature is decreasing due to unwise conventional retrieval systems.The research objectives were to study the effect and determine the best concentration of NAA and BAP in callus induction of agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.). This research was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from October 2018 until January 2019. The leaves of Agarwood were used as explants. The method used was completely randomized design (CRD) with different combinations of NAA and BAP (1.5 + 0.5 ppm, 3.0 + 0.5 ppm, 1.5 + 1.0 ppm, and 3.0 + 1.0 ppm). Data were analyzed using the F test and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at a level of 5%. The results showed that there was the effects of combination of growth regulator substances NAA and BAP on callus induction of agarwood. The concentration of NAA 3.0 ppm + BAP 0.5 ppm was the best in inducing callus with the percentage of explants life and explants form callus with 100%. The color of callus obtained varies, yellow, brownish yellow and brown. All structures callus gained in this research was compact. Yellow callus and compact structure could be utilized for organogenesis.</p>

ORGANOGENESIS TANAMAN KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH SITOKININ DAN GIBERELIN SECARA IN VITRO

This study aims to determine the organogenesis of mung bean plants (Vigna radiata L.) in several concentrations of cytokine and gibberellin growth regulators In Vitro. The method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments, 4 replications so that there were 24 experimental units. The concentration level used was P0 = no treatment, P1 = 2.5 ppm BAP + 2 ppm GA, P2 = 3.5 ppm BAP + 3 ppm GA, P3 = 4.5 ppm BAP + 4 ppm GA, P4 = 5.5 ppm BAP + 5 ppm GA, P5 = 6.5 ppm BAP + 6 ppm GA. The results showed that the growth regulator BAP and GA that given to each treatment had no significant effect on all parameters, this was due to the lack of elements of nitrogen to stimulate plant growth. The most effective treatment was found in P4 with a concentration 5.5 ppm BAP + 5 ppm GA which had the average value of germination age of 2 days after planting, then the average value of plantlets height was 10.07 cm, the average number of roots and number of leaves were as much as 2 strands, while the number of plantlet weight was 0.35.

MORFOGENESIS ANGGREK (Anoectochilus formosanus) SECARA IN VITRO

ABSTRACT Anoectochilus formosanus is one species of Orchids, known as a “Jewel Orchids” and have been used as a folk medicine in China and Taiwan.The aim of this study was to examine the response of using different types of explants and combination of growth regulators TDZ and BAP to morphogenesis of Anoectochilus formosanus Orchids by in vitro. The results showed that using different types of explants had very significant effect to the percentage of callus and shoot morphogenesis on 12 weeks after planting, the number of adventitious buds, adventitious shoot length, and callus diameter on three weeks until 12 weeks after planting. The best explant to callus morphogenesis was showing on shoot tip explant (50%) and to shoot morphogenesis was showing on auxillary buds and internode explant (100%). The best number of adventitious buds was observed in second internode explant with average number of shoots are 7.62 shoots. The best adventititous length was observed in axillary buds explant with average number of shoot length in 1.16 cm, and the best callus diameter was observed in shoot tip explant with average of diameter in 2.2 mm. The combination of plant growth regulator TDZ and BAP had a very significant effect to adventitious length on 10 weeks after planting, and a significant effect to adventitious length on 11 and 12 weeks after planting. The best adventitious length was observed on 0.25 mg L -1 TDZ + 0.75 mg L -1 BAP in 1.13 cm per explant on 12 weeks after planting. The best combination to callus and shoot morphogenesis was observed on 0.75 mg L -1 TDZ + 0.25 mg L -1 BAP. There was no interaction between used a different types of explant and combination plant growth regulator to morphogenesis Anoectochilus formosanus orchids by in vitro.

RESPONS PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN HIAS ANTHURIUM ‘GELOMBANG CINTA’ (Anthurium plowmanii) PADA BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI BAP DAN FREKUENSI PEMBERIAN PUPUK DAUN

Ornamental plants anthurium wave love great demand of society because the leaves are beautiful, unique and interesting. The edges of the leaves of anthurium generally with characteristic wavy. Anthurium plant growth stimulation can be enhanced by the application of growth regulators BAP and foliar fertilizers. The purpose of this study was to obtain a concentration of growth regulators BAP and best foliar fertilizer for growing ornamental plants anthurium. Experiments was carried out in the plant tissue culture laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University from November 2015 to February 2016. Materials used in the love wave anthurium seeds, plant media are a mixture of soil, sand, compost 1: 1: 1 (v / v). Two-factor factorial experiment arranged in completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was the concentration of BAP (0, 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 mg/L) and the second factor was the frequency of giving leaf fertilizer (0, 1, 2 times). The variables observed were plant height, leaf width, root length and fresh weight of plants. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance followed by Honestly Significant Difference test 5%. The results showed that there is an interaction between BAP and the frequency of leaf fertilizer application to plant height and root length. The best BAP 2.50 mg/L for leaf width growth and 5.0 mg/L best to increase the fresh weight of plants. The best BAP concentration of 2.50 mg/L for leaf width growth and 5.0 mg/L is best for increasing the fresh weight of plants. Application of leaf fertilizer with a frequency of 2 times shows the highest plant height Keywords: Anthurium, BAP, Concentration, Foliar fertilizer, Frequency

Micropropagation of ‘Chester thornless’ Blackberry Cultivar using Axillary Bud Explants

Sexual propagation is not suitable for production of true to type plants for commercial cultivation of selected cultivars due to the having heterozygous characteristics. Rubus species are highly heterozygous and therefore when they are propagated by seeds the high plant variability is obtained. Micropropagation methods became very important and have many advantages compared to the classical propagation methods. In Turkey, blackberries are commonly propagated by hard and soft wood cuttings, by layering and bush division. Propagation by layers requires rather large area for a layered, and weed control among the layers is a problem. However, propagation by cuttings is connected with important problem in inadequate rooting, especially in ‘Chester Thornless’ cultivar, which is one of the most commercially grown cultivar. In addition, limited number of plants can be propagated using classical propagation method and thus demand of growers for the plants can not be satisfied. Optimized and highly efficient regeneration protocols are also important for genetic transformation for improving of new cultivars. In this study we focused on optimization of protocol for in vitro propagation of ‘Chester Thornless’ blackberry cultivar using nodal segments. For this purpose, explants were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with combination of plant growth regulators BAP (1.5, 2, 3 mg/l) with NAA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 mg/l) to detect the best multiplication medium. According to the obtained results, the highest proliferation rate was obtained for cultivar ‘Chester Thornless’ that produced 9.66 shoots on a medium containing 2 mg/I BAP+0.2 mg/I IBA combination. GA3 effects on multiplication rates were also studied and generally the highest rates obtained by while GA3 were not used. For the rooting, different concentrations of IBA and NAA (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 mg/I) were compared. A concentration of 0.4 mg/l NAA gave the greatest number of roots and maximum root length.

Mikropropagasi Tangkai Daun Iles-Iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Secara In Vitro dengan Penambahan ZPT BAP dan NAA

Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) merupakan jenis tanaman umbi-umbian dari suku Araceaea yang bermanfaat untuk menjadi bahan diversifikasi pangan. Perbanyakan iles-iles membutuhkan waktu lama sehingga dibutuhkan alternatif perbanyakan dengan kultur jaringan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui konsentrasi ZPT BAP dan NAA yang tepat untuk perbanyakan tangkai daun iles-iles. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 7 bulan sejak bulan Agustus 2016 sampai bulan Februari 2017. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lab. Kuljar Politeknik Negeri Jember. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 2 faktor, 9 kombinasi perlakuan, dan 6 ulangan. Faktor pertama yakni ZPT BAP terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 1; 2; dan 3 mg/l. Faktor kedua yakni ZPT NAA terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,3 mg/l. Data dianalisa dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance lalu diuji lanjut menggunakan BNT taraf 5% dan 1%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 1 mg/l dan 2 mg/l BAP berpengaruh terhadap parameter kedinian terbentuknya kalus, kuantitas kalus dan kedinian terbentuknya akar. Perlakuan 0,1 mg/l NAA berpengaruh terhadap parameter tinggi tunas umur 63 HST. Interaksi 1 mg/l BAP dan 0,1 mg/l NAA berpengaruh terhadap parameter jumlah tunas umur 63 HST dan tinggi tunas umur 63 HST. Hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ZPT BAP dan NAA yang berbeda mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap mikropropagasi tangkai daun iles-iles terutama pada pembentukan tunas.

Ex-Vitro Propagation of Micropropagated Sugarcane (Sacharum Officinarum L.) Genotypes Using Plant Growth Regulators IBA and BAP

Ex-vitro propagation of micropropagated sugarcane plantlets of three selected sugarcane genotypes was carried out with the objective of evaluating their propagation responses to the interaction effects of BAP and IBA. Accordingly, six levels of IBA (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5mgL-1) and eight levels of BAP (0, 0.75, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2 & 2.25mgL-1) with three sugarcane genotypes, each replicated three times were tested. The treatments were arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. Data on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length (cm) and number of active leaves per shoot were collected twice every 30th day after 30days of treatment application. Analysis of variance revealed that the interaction effects of BAP, IBA and the sugarcane genotypes was very highly significant (P<0.0001) on the number of tillers per shoot, average shoot length and number of active leaves per shoot. The optimum number of tillers per shoot (5.67), average shoot length (40.77 cm) and number of active leaves per shoot (6.97) were obtained at 0.1mg/l IBA+0.75mg/l BAP in C132- 81. In C86-56, the optimum number of tillers per shoot (4.50) was obtained at 0.1mg/l IBA+1.5mg/l BAP while the maximum average shoot length (48.33cm) and maximum number of active leaves per shoot (7.67) were obtained at 0.2mg/l IBA+0.75mg/l BAP. In SP70-1284, the optimum number of tillers per shoot (6.43) was obtained at 0.3mg/ l+1mg/l BAP with 16.05cm average shoot length and 4.87 active leaves per shoot. Thus, it can be deduced that production of an average of 5.5 plantlets per shoot within a month can be possible.

Evaluación de un sistema de regeneración por embriogénesis somática de Neem (Azadirachta indica)

Azadirachta indica, también conocida como neem, es una especie arbórea leñosa perteneciente a la familia Meliaceae, de gran importancia en diversas disciplinas científicas, tales como la forestal y la médico-farmacéutica. Se estableció un método para la propagación in vitro de esta planta, evaluándose como explantes, secciones foliares de vitro-plantas, cotiledones y esquejes. Se emplearon medios semisólidos con combinaciones variables de la citocinina 6-benzylaminopurina (BAP) y las auxinas ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético (2,4-D) y ácido indolacético (AIA). Se observó la formación de callo regenerativo, a partir del cual se generó embriogénesis somática primaria y secundaria, mediante los reguladores de crecimiento BAP (1,0 mg.L-1) y 2,4-D (0,2 mg.L-1), mientras que la formación de callo no regenerativo fue promovida por concentraciones mayores a 0,3 mg.L-1 de 2,4-D. De los explantes evaluados, la mayor frecuencia de regeneración de plantas (~67%) se presentó con secciones cotiledonares.

THE EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE CLONAL MICROPROPAGATION OF ACTINIDIA GENUS

Actinidia Kolomicta is the most common and frost-resistant fruiting vine. Its fruit contains a record amount of ascorbic acid and by this feature it is superior to other Actinidia species and crops like raspberries, lemon, and blackcurrant. The influence of growth regulators on the clonal micropropagation in the Actinidia genus has been studied in vitro. Two female varieties of Actinidia Kolomikta (Excellent &amp; Moma) and one male form Actinidia Giraldi were the objects of investigation. Microcuttings with two buds were used as explants. We tested 15 variants of Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium with different ratio of growth regulators BAP, TDZ, 2-ip, IBA, NAA, L-glytamen. Activation of meristems development was the main method of clonal micropropagation. This method provides the minimum frequencies of changed forms. The best result was observed on medium supplemented with low concentrations of cytokinins: 2–3µM BAP and 4 µM 2-ip which promoted micropropagation. Combination of auxin with cytokinins has reduced the coefficient of micropropagation. The only for Moma variety on the medium containing 2,5 μM BAP +1,0 μM IBA was higher (2,5 ± 0,8). We registered no significant relationship between the used type of cytokinin (BAP, 2-ip, or TDZ) and its concentration. High concentrations of BAP (10 μM) decreased Actinidia multiplication factor from 2,5 to 1,2 and increased callus formation. Use of TDZ was not effective nevertheless. We did not identify the significant statistics coefficients of multiplication, shoot length, and number of leaves between species genotypes.