Regenerating injured bone tissue remains a critical challenge, necessitating the development of functional scaffolds to support the intricate process of neo-bone growth. Various natural and synthetic materials combined with bioactive factors have been explored, but decellularized extracellular matrices (dECM) continue to stand out as excellent scaffolding materials due to their intrinsic bioactivity. In this study, we fabricated cryogel-type scaffolds with interconnected pores from decellularized bone ECM (DBM) after mineral removal. To enhance their angiogenic and osteogenic properties, we incorporated laponite (LAP), which is a kind of lithium magnesium silicate. For improved mechanical strength, the DBM was modified with methacrylic anhydride to enable chemical crosslinking among collagen macromolecules. The addition of LAP further contributed to mechanical reinforcement. The resulting composite cryogel demonstrated exceptional cyclic compressive stability, maintaining structural integrity and mechanical strength under repetitive loading.In vitroassays revealed its significant promotion of vascularization and osteogenic differentiation.In vivostudies using a rat cranial defect model confirmed substantial new bone formation and enhanced regeneration of vascularized bone tissue. These findings highlight the potential of bone-derived dECM materials for effectivein situbone regeneration.

Abstract Microbial communities in the plant rhizosphere – the soil region closely associated with plant roots – play critical roles in shaping plant growth, defence, fitness, and ecosystem processes. Inoculation of plants with specific rhizobacteria strains has shown promising potential for increasing crop yields. Rhizobacteria can also induce plant defences, resulting in reduced insect growth and reproduction, and can manipulate plant biochemistry to alter insect host-choice and recruit natural enemies of the insects. We present a meta-analysis examining the impact of rhizobacteria inoculation of plants on insect fitness and behaviour. Our findings indicate that rhizobacteria inoculation generally reduces herbivore fitness and affects host choice behaviours. However, effect sizes varied significantly depending on type of herbivore (chewing versus sucking), plant host, and rhizobacterial species. Bacillus spp. showed stronger effects than the commonly studied Pseudomonas spp. Rhizobacteria notably reduced traits such as host choice, leaf consumption, survival, and reproduction of chewing herbivores, while primarily impacting sucking herbivores by reducing reproduction. Single-strain inoculants tended to perform better, especially for sucking herbivores, suggesting potential strain incompatibility issues with multi-strain inoculants. Furthermore, field trials showed less impact on insect fitness reduction compared to experiments under controlled conditions, possibly due to soil diversity and environmental factors affecting inoculant persistence. Despite very limited experimental data, studies observed that inoculation with rhizobacteria can attract parasitoid wasps and predators to the plants, as an additional indirect benefit, but with variable results across the few studies. These results underscore the need for considering broader environmental interactions when developing effective rhizobacteria-based pest management strategies. Understanding specific and generalist rhizosphere interactions can aid in developing synthetic microbial communities with broad protective functions across various plants and environments.

ABSTRACT Intimate relationships require work, but not all efforts promote closeness. This study examines how emotional labor (EL) and emotional work (EW) influence relationships, distinguishing between efforts that drain partners and those that promote intimacy. EL is defined as managing emotions to fulfill professional role demands, while EW describes the unpaid, often invisible emotional regulation in personal relationships motivated by caregiving roles. However, the authenticity of the relationship may suffer when caregiving norms force EW to mirror EL’s performative demands. Through thematic analysis of interviews with 19 Russian respondents in heterosexual and same-sex relationships, we uncovered the cycle of EW: monitoring, empathy/self-empathy and emotional expression modulation. Gender norms strongly influenced EW with individuals both conforming to and challenging traditional role expectations. Notably, EW was experienced as a growth opportunity when it aligned with a person’s self-concept and was practiced consciously. In contrast, when it was imposed or used to hide genuine feelings, it became particularly emotionally draining. For counselors, effective intervention requires focusing not only on the quantity of EW, but also on its meaning and acknowledgment. By viewing it as a learnable skill couples can reduce defensiveness and approach EW as a shared growth process.

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has developed remarkably in recent years, and its measurement environment has been extended not only to ultrahigh vacuum and air, but also to liquids. Since the solid-liquid interface is the site of various reactions, such as crystal growth and catalytic reactions, its atomic-scale analysis is crucially important. Although AFM analyses in various liquids, such as aqueous solutions, organic solvents, and ionic liquids, have been reported, there have been no studies of AFM analysis in molten metals. One of the reasons for this is the opacity of molten metals. Achieving AFM analysis in molten metal is expected to provide new insights into metallurgy. In this review, AFM that can analyze in molten metal is presented. The key innovation is the utilization of an AFM sensor employing a quartz tuning fork, the so-called qPlus sensor, instead of a silicon cantilever. In addition to the technical fundamentals of AFM in molten metal, we present two applications: in-situ and atomic-resolution analysis of alloy crystal growth processes and measurements of two-body interaction forces.

1,3-1,4-β-D-glucanase (DLH) is a fibrolytic enzyme playing important roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. In this study, we identified 11 DLH genes in japonica rice (Nipponbare), and analyzed their chromosomal localization, physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, evolutionary relationships, and collinearity. We also performed cis-acting element identification, gene expression profiling, and qPCR verification under abiotic stress, as well as conducted diversity analysis of gene-CDS-haplotypes (gcHaps) in 3,010 rice germplasms to dissect the potential functions of these OsDLH genes. The results showed that OsDLH1, OsDLH5, and OsDLH10 can be utilized to improve the tolerance of rice to abiotic stress. OsDLH1, OsDLH2 and OsDLH8 are highly expressed in roots. Under high-salt stress, the expression of OsDLH6 and OsDLH10 in stems and leaves increased. These results indicated that OsDLH1 and OsDLH5 have specific expression patterns in response to different environmental signals, implying that they may play different roles in the growth and development process of rice and the stress response mechanism. Haplotype analysis indicated population differentiation of the OsDLH gene family in rice. The major gcHaps at most OsDLH loci are significantly associated with yield traits. Some genes of this family have potential application value in improving stress resistance and yield traits of rice.

The single-crystal diamond (SCD) possessing both favorable dielectric properties and low stress is esteemed as the ideal material for terahertz windows. The intrinsic step-like growth pattern of SCD can easily lead to stress concentration and a decrease in dielectric performance. In this study, a “two-step method” was designed to optimize the growth mode of SCD. A novel large platform growth pattern has been achieved by controlling diamond seed crystal etching and the epitaxial layer growth process. The experimental results indicate that, compared with the traditional step-like growth model, the root mean square (RMS) roughness of as-prepared SCD reduced from 5 nanometers (step growth) to 0.4~1.0 nanometers (platform growth) within a 5 μm × 5 μm area. Furthermore, the growth step height difference diminished from 30 nm to 3~4 nm, thereby mitigating stress induced by steps to a mere 0.1976 GPa. Additionally, at frequencies ranging from 0.1 to 3 THz, the diamond windows exhibit lower refractive index, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss. Finally, large platform growth effectively reduces phenomena such as dislocation pile-up brought about by step growth, achieving low-damage ultra-precision machining of diamond windows measuring 1 mm in diameter.

Auxin is considered the first phytohormone identified for its ability to induce apical growth in plants. Auxin is essential for initiating complex growth and developmental processes in nearly every plant species. Auxin is formed through metabolic processes and then transported to elongation zones, where it induces cell expansion. Auxin biosynthesis occurs primarily in the apical meristems of shoots, young leaves, and developing seeds, and is derived from the amino acid tryptophan. Auxin regulates numerous growth responses in plants, such as phototropism, geotropism, cell maintenance, and organ formation. To mediate these responses and their diverse functions, the nuclear auxin signalling pathway involves several key components. This modular structure allows this pathway to elicit diverse transcriptional responses depending on cellular and environmental conditions. This molecular process facilitates rapid transitions between gene repression and activation. This study outlines the contemporary paradigm of TIR1/AFB-dependent auxin signalling and highlights recent research breakthroughs.

BackgroundsPancreatic cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the gastrointestinal system, notorious for its high malignancy and low survival rate. Amentoflavone (AMF), an ingredient in various Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM), possesses anticancer properties. However, the underlying mechanisms of its action remain unclear. MethodsInitially, through the application of network pharmacology and molecular docking methodologies, we elucidated the putative core targets and signaling pathways underlying the antineoplastic potential of amentoflavone. Subsequently, we corroborated the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of amentoflavone within both in vitro pancreatic cancer cell models and in vivo animal models.ResultsThe key targets of amentoflavone were identified as SRC, AKT1, PI3KR1, VEGFA, ESR1, EGFR, and AR, among others. The mechanisms of action may involve protein phosphorylation, autophosphorylation, and positive regulation of apoptosis. KEGG analysis enrichment indicated that pathways such as Cancer, Estrogen Signaling, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR played a significant role. Molecular docking experiments demonstrated that amentoflavone showed good docking activity with the main target proteins. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that amentoflavone effectively induced apoptosis in BxPC3 cells, inhibited cell migration, caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and regulated glycolysis in BxPC3 cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Additionally, amentoflavone effectively inhibited the growth and glycolytic process of pancreatic cancer xenografts in mice.ConclusionsOur study elucidates that amentoflavone inhibits pancreatic cancer development by regulating the glycolysis process through the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby providing novel targets and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12672-025-03697-4.

Puberty is a physiological process in animals that results in reproductive maturity and is a crucial factor influencing fertility levels throughout their lifespan. First ovulation is an indicator that cattle have achieved puberty, which is directly controlled by endocrine processes. Reduced negative feedback from ovarian steroids stimulates the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovary (HPO) gland to secrete reproductive hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and progesterone, which spur follicular growth and cause the first ovulation in cattle. The development of the reproductive tract accompanies follicular development in the ovary. Each organ, specifically uterine, cervical, and ovarian, shows a rapid growth process characterized by two phases: the early postnatal period and several months leading up to puberty. The reproductive tract experiences significant growth during the early gestational period, specifically between 2-20 weeks of age. Rapid growth will subsequently occur as individuals approach puberty, typically between 40-60 weeks of age. The growth occurring between these two phases tends to be constant. Various factors influence the initiation of puberty. One of the factors that has the most significant influence is nutrition. Adequate nutrition in animal feed promotes optimal body growth, leading to the secretion of growth and metabolic hormones that influence neuronal activities in the hypothalamus. This includes the release of GnRH during puberty initiation, as well as insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and leptin, which are involved in ovarian function. Keywords: Animal husbandry, cattle, fertility, luteal cycle, reproductive organs, ovulation, estrus cycle, heifer body weight

Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (L. chuanxiong) is a traditional medicinal food in East Asia. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects of various carbohydrates on L. chuanxiong. It covers rhizome induction, acclimatization, and field growth. In the context of this study, the most effective carbohydrates for promoting rhizome induction in vitro to field growth ex vitro of L. chuanxiong were identified as maltose treatments with a concentration of 4% and 6%. It has been demonstrated that, particularly at a concentration of 4%, this treatment is particularly beneficial for in vitro rhizome development of L. chuanxiong. Following acclimatization, the 6% maltose treatments exhibited the highest fresh weight (3.3 ± 0.2 g). Following the process of field growth, there was a significant increase in the fresh weight of the rhizome under the 6% maltose treatment (160.8 ± 22.2 g) in comparison with the other treatments. This investigation is the first study on rhizome production of L. chuanxiong. It is clear that the appropriate carbohydrate treatment protocol is key to optimizing rhizome production and providing fundamental data for the best propagation of L. chuanxiong.

The growth and development process of cymbidium orchids requires a soil pH of around 5.5–6.5. Otherwise, it will cause low nutrient absorption, resulting in yellow leaves and slow growth, while too high a pH can cause the plant's roots to die. Therefore, this study developed an IoT-based ESP32 soil pH automation design to maintain soil pH stability and reduce orchid growth and development failures due to unstable soil pH. The IoT-based ESP32 soil pH automation design allows remote monitoring of soil pH conditions via a smartphone that has downloaded the Blynk application. The soil pH automation design consists of an SKJ-001 soil pH sensor to measure soil pH, an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor to measure solution height, and a 5 VDC pump to circulate NaOH and HCl solutions to stabilize pH. This soil pH automation system has been tested on ten soil samples with an average accuracy of 98.606%, an average precision of 99.192%, and an average error of 0.581%. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the IoT-based ESP32 soil pH automation system is effective and reliable in maintaining soil pH stability, thereby supporting optimal growth and development of cymbidium orchids.

Natural carbon sinks and the factors influencing them are critical to the global carbon budget. Here, we identify the freezing process as an important factor. It greatly contributes to natural carbon sinks by enhancing atmospheric CO2 sequestration/mineralization in mineral ion-rich aqueous systems, which is demonstrated by freezing the solutions of Ca(OH)2, binary NaCl-CaCl2 solutions, and artificial seawater. The acceleration is caused by the impacts of freezing on nucleation and growth processes of CaCO3 crystals. Freezing accelerates nucleation by concentrating reactants within ice crystal boundaries, increasing supersaturation, and thus lowering the nucleation energy barrier. At the post-thaw stage where nuclei already form and reactant concentration is decreased, the crystals undergo the barrier-free growth process. Our findings reveal the freezing-enhanced CO2 sequestration that is omitted in the current global carbon budget models and signal an urgent need to integrate cryogenic mineralization into climate predictions.

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key serine hydrolase involved in lipid metabolism, catalyzing the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols into free fatty acids and glycerol. MAGL plays a central role in regulating endocannabinoid signaling and lipid homeostasis, processes often dysregulated in cancer and other pathological conditions. In recent years, MAGL has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, particularly in oncology, where its inhibition has shown potential to impair tumor growth, metastasis, and inflammation-driven processes. Alongside the development of selective MAGL inhibitors, several biochemical methods have been established to measure MAGL enzymatic activity, providing essential tools for target validation and inhibitor characterization. In this review, we provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the main approaches developed for MAGL activity evaluation, including radiometric, chromatographic, colorimetric, fluorescence-based, bioluminescence-based, and activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) assays. For each method, we discuss principles, advantages, and limitations. This review aims to support researchers in the selection of the most appropriate assay strategy for their experimental needs, ultimately fostering the rapid and accurate development of novel MAGL inhibitors with potential applications in cancer therapy and metabolic disease management.

The digitisation of economic activity is a pivotal factor in enhancing the productivity, transparency and innovation of business processes, ensuring rapid data exchange and access to global markets. It has been demonstrated that the aforementioned factors contribute to the creation of new business models, reduce transaction costs and form competitive advantages in the global digital economy. The article examines the peculiarities of the implementation of digitalisation policies in developed countries, identifies the peculiarities of the innovation development strategy, and conducts a comparative analysis of existing approaches in developed countries. The identification of salient features thus enabled an analysis of Ukraine's digitalisation policy in the context of prevailing global trends and the ongoing state of war. The research was conducted through the administration of surveys to business representatives regarding their collaboration with other stakeholders and the extent of their utilisation of digitalisation and digital recovery policies in the process of rebuilding and relocating businesses. Digitalisation is emerging as a pivotal catalyst for regional advancement in Ukraine, fostering the establishment of a smart economy, even within regions that have traditionally experienced limited development. In the contemporary geopolitical landscape, characterised by profound challenges related to military situations and the pressing need for strategies focused on post-war recovery, this process assumes a particularly salient role. A multi-level approach to digital transformation is dictated by the specific characteristics of Ukraine's regions, which demonstrate varying degrees of readiness to implement modern digital solutions. Western regions, including Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, and Ternopil, are distinguished by their accelerated development in digital services, advanced logistics, educational technologies, and the establishment of IT clusters. This progress establishes the basis for the subsequent scaling of their achievements and the integration of regional successes into the national context. The central part of the country is characterised by significant opportunities for the digitalisation of the agro-industrial complex and industrial sectors, where the latest technologies can become a key factor in productivity growth and production process optimisation. Conversely, the Eastern and Southern regions encounter a multitude of obstacles that impede their digital advancement. In this context, it is imperative to implement measures that will result in a substantial enhancement of the infrastructure base, with particular emphasis on the domains of energy, public safety, and the acquisition of technical equipment to augment production capacities. The establishment of a smart economy necessitates a bespoke approach to each region, with consideration for numerous factors, including natural resources, the digital competence of the population, human resources, and the investment attractiveness of the territories. The successful implementation and development of these approaches is significantly influenced by public-private partnerships. The present interaction facilitates the implementation of projects that are intended to develop infrastructure, establish modern industrial parks, launch innovative startups and prepare educational programmes with the aim of deepening digital literacy. The advent of global digitalisation trends has engendered a plethora of novel prospects for Ukraine to integrate into the European Union's digital sphere, to attract foreign technological investment, and to establish competitive smart regions on the international stage. In the context of martial law, the introduction of smart solutions is becoming a critically important means of managing urban infrastructure, ensuring uninterrupted business operations, and guaranteeing the availability of digital services to the population. The efficacy of such models is contingent upon the implementation of multi-level development strategies that are designed to address prevailing impediments and establish sustainable foundations for prosperity within each region.

The purpose of this study is to isolate and identify endophytes from the seeds of Panax japonicus, find growth-promoting endophyte that favors seed germination in P. japonicus, and provide theoretical reference for further research on the effect of endophytes on seed germination.MethodsThe streak plate method isolated the endophytic bacteria from the seeds. The isolated endophytes were identified by morphology, ITS and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antibacterial activity of the isolated endophytes and their metabolites was studied by disk method.ResultsThe seed was disinfected with 75% alcohol for 30s and 1% HgCl2 for 9 min, and the contamination rate was the lowest (3.33%). Seven endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the seeds of P. japonicus, named PjZ1, PjZ2, PjZ3, PjZ4, PjZ5, PjZ6, and PjZ7, respectively, four strains belonged to the genus Fusarium tricinctum, one to Fusarium reticulatum, one to Fusarium sarcochroum, and one to Alternaria alternata; Three strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated and named PjX1, PjX2 and PjX3, respectively. After morphological observation and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, two strains belong to the genus Enterobacteriaceae bacterium and one belongs to the genus Pseudomonas sp. Among the endophytic fungi strains isolated, only PjZ4 showed significant bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, PjZ3, PjZ4, PjZ5 and PjZ7 had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and none of the 7 strains had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that the metabolites of 7 endophytic fungi and 3 endophytic bacteria had no antibacterial activity.ConclusionIn this study, we investigated the method of P. japonicus seed disinfection, and the results showed that 75% alcohol disinfection for 30s and 1% HgCl2 disinfection for 9 min resulted in the lowest contamination rate of 3.33%, in which the greatest influence on the seed disinfection effect was the concentration of HgCl2. Meanwhile, 10 endophyte species of P. japonicus seeds were isolated and identified, Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata. were not the dominant species in the growth and development process of P. japonicus while Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. were the growth-promoting endophyte in the promotion of plant growth and development, and provide a theoretical reference for further research on the biological functions and active substances of endophyte in the seeds of P. japonicus.

The streak plate method isolated the endophytic bacteria from the seeds. The isolated endophytes were identified by morphology, ITS and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The antibacterial activity of the isolated endophytes and their metabolites was studied by disk method. The seed was disinfected with 75% alcohol for 30s and 1% HgCl2 for 9 min, and the contamination rate was the lowest (3.33%). Seven endophytic fungi strains were isolated from the seeds of P. japonicus, named PjZ1, PjZ2, PjZ3, PjZ4, PjZ5, PjZ6, and PjZ7, respectively, four strains belonged to the genus Fusarium tricinctum, one to Fusarium reticulatum, one to Fusarium sarcochroum, and one to Alternaria alternata; Three strains of endophytic bacteria were isolated and named PjX1, PjX2 and PjX3, respectively. After morphological observation and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, two strains belong to the genus Enterobacteriaceae bacterium and one belongs to the genus Pseudomonas sp. Among the endophytic fungi strains isolated, only PjZ4 showed significant bacteriostatic activity against Escherichia coli, PjZ3, PjZ4, PjZ5 and PjZ7 had antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, and none of the 7 strains had antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. It was found that the metabolites of 7 endophytic fungi and 3 endophytic bacteria had no antibacterial activity. In this study, we investigated the method of P. japonicus seed disinfection, and the results showed that 75% alcohol disinfection for 30s and 1% HgCl2 disinfection for 9 min resulted in the lowest contamination rate of 3.33%, in which the greatest influence on the seed disinfection effect was the concentration of HgCl2. Meanwhile, 10 endophyte species of P. japonicus seeds were isolated and identified, Fusarium spp. and Alternaria alternata. were not the dominant species in the growth and development process of P. japonicus while Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas sp. were the growth-promoting endophyte in the promotion of plant growth and development, and provide a theoretical reference for further research on the biological functions and active substances of endophyte in the seeds of P. japonicus.

The electrocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reaction (NOR) technology offers an environmentally friendly, cost-efficient, and controllable method for nitrate production under mild conditions. Advances in NOR heavily rely on the discovery of effective and affordable electrocatalysts. This study unveils a novel approach by meticulously integrating FeOOH-TiO2 heterostructures onto a sophisticated substrate of 2-methylimidazolium functionalized polypyrrole/graphene oxide (2-MeIm/PPy/GO), through in situ growth processes involving ion-exchange and coordination between the 2-MeIm groups and metal precursors. The resulting FeOOH-TiO2@2-MeIm/PPy/GO exhibits remarkable resilience during the NOR process, which achieves a notable NO3- yield of 83.24 μg h-1 mgact.-1, accompanied by a peak Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 5.47% at 1.94 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode). Nitrogen oxidation primarily occurs at iron sites, where the doped Fe2+ in TiO2 can all gradually convert to Fe3+ during the process; meanwhile, titanium sites within FeOOH-TiO2@2-MeIm/PPy/GO maintain stable chemical states, ensuring sufficient electroactivity for oxygen evolution reactions (OER) to produce *O necessary for nonelectrochemical steps in NOR. This synergistic interplay between iron and titanium contributes significantly to both the stability and durability of FeOOH-TiO2@2-MeIm/PPy/GO, positioning it as a promising candidate for real-world NOR applications. This work provides valuable insights into the design and fabrication of next-generation electrocatalysts for sustainable nitrate production.

Relevance. The leading indicator reflecting the state of physical development of children is body weight, which characterizes the development of the musculoskeletal system, subcutaneous fat, and internal organs. Objective: to assess the formation of body weight in schoolchildren aged 7–17 in forty constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods. The study included 40 regions of the Russian Federation located in all Federal Districts. The regions were selected in such a way that almost every age and sex group would be presented with body weight indicators (kg) for at least 100 schoolchildren aged 7–17. Results and discussion. The analysis of age-sex curves of body weight showed that in almost all 40 regions there is a smooth increase in body length with age in both boys and girls, which is consistent with biological patterns such as directionality, gradualness, irreversibility, heteromorphism and heterochrony. In boys, in almost all age groups and at the time of completion of growth processes, the body weight indicator reliably (p≤ 0.05) exceeds the indicators in girls, which is consistent with such a pattern as the dependence of growth and development on sex (sexual) dimorphism. Conclusion. We can discuss the harmonious flow of growth and development processes in the analyzed regions.

Platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) is a type‐II Dirac semimetal featuring tilted cones in its electronic band structure, which leads to intriguing electronic and optical topological properties. Here, a large area growth process is presented for the synthesis of PtTe2 films with nanoscale thickness by sputtering deposition of a Pt precursor layer and subsequent tellurization at 450 °C. Although the Pt deposition step does not pose stringent limitation on the substrate choice, it is demonstrated that the heating rate during the tellurization step can induce a significant thermal‐induced strain when the process is extended from silicon dielectric transparent silica substrates, leading to macroscopic wrinkling of the PtTe2 film. Thus, a slower tellurization process is optimized, successfully resulting in stress‐free growth even on dielectric substrates. Additionally, the same new process repeated on silicon substrates shows a threefold enhanced minimum grain size compared to the original process. These accomplishments, combined with the scalability of the growth technique and the deterministic material patterning achieved by optical lithography, are crucial for a facile integration of PtTe2 in any kind of device.

ABSTRACTWetlands are vital ecosystems that play a crucial role in water purification, biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. Understanding the growth dynamics of wetland plants is essential for optimizing these ecological functions. In this study, we developed a growth model for wetland plants based on ecological dynamics. The growth patterns of 15 distinct wetland species were simulated, followed by a comparative analysis of their growth characteristics. A micro‐constructed wetland system was established within an artificial climate chamber, where these 15 plant species were cultivated. Biomass measurements were recorded, and the parameters of the growth model were calibrated and validated using experimental data. The simulated values for these wetland species aligned closely with the observed data, indicating a high degree of consistency. This alignment was supported by calculating the correlation coefficient (R value), the root mean square error–observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) and the index of agreement (IOA) across all state variables, all of which confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the simulations. Furthermore, growth scenarios under oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions revealed that Lycoris flava, Oenanthe javanica, Canna indica and Echinodorus berteroi exhibited rapid growth under eutrophic conditions, with biomass exceeding 100 g. These species outperformed others, demonstrating strong adaptability and efficient nutrient utilization in high‐nutrient environments. This study provides a robust theoretical foundation for understanding the growth processes of wetland plants, enhancing the efficiency of wetland‐based wastewater treatment and elucidating the mechanisms of pollutant absorption and transformation by wetland plants. The findings ultimately contribute to the protection and restoration of wetland ecosystems.