Growth Of Oreochromis Niloticus Research Articles

A comparative study on sequential green hybrid techniques (ultrasonication, microwave and high shear homogenization) for the extraction of date seed bioactive compounds and its application as an additive for shelf-life extension of Oreochromis niloticus

This study focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from date seeds using five polyol-based deep eutectic solvents (P-DESs) in combination with hybrid green extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), homogenization-assisted extraction (HAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimization of these extraction techniques was achieved using P-DESs showing the highest efficiency for extracting date seed bioactive compounds using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) approach. The optimized conditions from three green techniques were further applied in the form of hybrid green extraction techniques, involving six binary and three ternary methods, to assess the percentage increase in the extraction efficiency of date seed bioactive polyphenolics. Among the five P-DESs tested, choline chloride: ethylene glycol (ChCl:Eg) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for recovering date seed phenolic compounds. Using ChCl:Eg as the P-DES, the highest extraction efficacy was found with MAE, followed by > HAE and > UAE. In addition, all hybrid extraction techniques showed higher extraction efficiencies than the single extraction methods. Notably, the binary hybrid techniques combining UAE and MAE (UMAE), HAE and MAE (HMAE) resulted in significantly higher recovery of bioactive compounds, with 52 % and 49 % increases in total phenolic content, respectively, compared to single extraction techniques. The lowest MIC and MBC of P-DES (ChCl:Eg) and date seed P-DES based extract recorded against all the tested bacterial strains was 40 % and 20 % respectively. Furthermore, the date seed extract from MAE was used to extend the shelf life of Oreochromis niloticus stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The results indicated that the date seed polyphenolic extract effectively inhibited microbial growth in Oreochromis niloticus during refrigerated storage, with the total bacterial count (TBC) of all the treated samples within the recommended acceptability limit of < 6 log CFU/g compared to the untreated samples, which showed a total bacterial count (TBC) > 6 log CFU/g. This study demonstrated that sequential hybrid techniques enhance and intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds more effectively than any single green technique.

Dietary Psidium guajava, guava leaf extract protects Oreochromis niloticus, Nile tilapia from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and enhances growth

This study investigated the impact of dietary guava leaf extract (GLE) on immunity, resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and growth in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia). Four groups of fish (28.6 g.fish−1) were fed diets supplemented with ethanolic GLE at 0 (control), 3, 5, or 7 g.fish−1 diet (GLE0diet, GLE3diet, GLE5diet, GLE7diet) at 28 °C. Fish were fed thrice daily at 15 g.kg−0.8.d−1 for 42 days. Innate immune parameters, including mucus-bactericidal activity (MBA), serum-bactericidal activity (SBA), bacterial agglutination activity (BAA), and phagocytic activity (PA), were assessed on days 14, 28, and 42. Weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured on day 42. Post-feeding, fish were injected with P. aeruginosa, and mortality was recorded for 30 days. Results showed that GLE7diet significantly increased MBA, SBA, BAA, and PA by 1.8-, 3.3-, 4.2-, and 3.5-fold, respectively, compared to control. GLE7diet also showed the highest significant reduction in post-challenge mortality (21 %) compared to the control group (83 %). Growth metrics for GLE7diet showed WG of 43.8 g, SGR of 2.21%.d−1, and FCR of 1.19, compared to WG of 37.1 g, SGR of 1.98%.d−1, and FCR of 1.41 in the control group. SGR showed an exponential increase (R² = 0.935) and FCR a decrease (R² = 0.958) with increasing GLE levels. GLE5diet and GLE7diet significantly increased MBA at all-time points compared to control. GLE7diet significantly increased SBA on days 14, 28, and 42 compared to control. GLE7diet significantly enhanced BAA at all-time points. GLE5diet and GLE7diet significantly increased PA at all time points compared to control. GLE7diet led to increased expression of IL-1, IL-6, IFN-α, IFN-β, and TNF-α genes, particularly from 10 to 30 days post-infection. Dietary GLE at 7 g.kg−1 significantly enhanced innate and acquired immune responses, growth performance, and resistance to P. aeruginosa in Nile tilapia. This study recommended incorporating 7 g.kg−1 GLE in Nile tilapia diets to improve disease resistance and growth performance.

Physiological and immunological responses of Nile tilapia fed dietary supplementation of sweet basil ethanolic and aqueous extracts

The use of phytotherapy in aquaculture is rapidly increasing for more environmentally sustainable measures. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum, leaves ethanol (BEE) or aqueous (BAE) extracts (0, 200, 300, and 500 mg/kg) on Oreochromis niloticus growth, digestive enzyme activities, hemato-biochemical profile, antioxidant status, immune responses, and resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae. Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (40.00 ± 1.00 g/fish, n = 210) were randomly divided into seven triplicated groups (control, BEE200, BEE300, BEE500, BAE200, BAE300, and BAE500) and fed the experimental diets for 8 weeks. The results revealed that dietary inclusion of BEE and BAE significantly improved final weight, weight gain, survival, and digestive enzyme activities. The growth response revealed a dose-dependent in favor of fish fed BEE. The hemato-biochemical biomarkers showed a significant improvement in RBCs, WBCs, hemoglobin, and lymphocyte, and a significant decrease in aminotransferases, creatinine, and cholesterol levels with dietary basil extracts. The cellular and humoral immune responses (phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin) were significantly improved with increasing BEE and BAE in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of IL-1β and TNF-α genes were increased, while TGF-β was decreased in a dose-dependent manner and BEE500 have the highest expression. The antioxidant balance was improved with increasing basil extracts supplementation, and the BEE500 group showed the best antioxidant status. Dietary BEE and BAE increased Nile tilapia resistance to S. agalactiae. In conclusion, the dietary supplementation of both ethanolic and aqueous extracts could improve the growth performance and physiological, and immune-antioxidant status of Nile tilapia.

Assessment of Lead (Pb) Toxicity in Juvenile Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus-Growth, Behaviour, Erythrocytes Abnormalities, and Histological Alterations in Vital Organs.

Lead (Pb) is one of the toxins responsible for the deterioration of ecological health in aquatic environments. The present study investigated the effects of Pb(NO3)2 toxicity on growth, blood cell morphology, and the histopathology of gills, liver, and intestine of juvenile Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. A 30-day long aquarium trial was conducted by assigning three treatment groups T1 5.20 mg L-1, T2 10.40 mg L-1, and T3 20.80 mg L-1, and a control 0 mg L-1 following the 96 h LC50 of 51.96 mg L-1 from acute toxicity test. Overall growth performance significantly declined in all the Pb(NO3)2 treated groups and the highest mortality was recorded in T3. Behavioural abnormalities were intense in all the treatment groups compared to the control. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) values were reported as higher in treatment groups. Reduced nucleus diameter and nuclei size in erythrocytes were reported for T2 and T3 groups. Dose-dependent histological alterations were visible in the gills, liver, and intestine of all the Pb(NO3)2 treated groups. The width of the intestinal villi was highly extended in T3 showing signs of severe histological alterations. In conclusion, Pb toxicity causes a negative effect on growth performance, erythrocyte morphology, and affected the vital organs histomorphology of juvenile O. niloticus.

Influences of Dietary Supplementation of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis on Growth-Related Genes Expression and Antioxidant Enzymes in Oreochromis niloticus Fish Exposed to Heavy Metals

Fish is a good indicator for monitoring of heavy metals risks. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis dietary supplementation on Oreochromis niloticus growth under normal conditions. Additionally, evaluation of their effects on the growth performance, growth-related genes expression and antioxidant enzymes of O. niloticus exposed to a mixture of heavy metals. The results showed that the highest growth performance of O. niloticus was recorded in the groups supplemented with 10 and 15% of S. platensis compared to C. vulgaris and control groups. The expression of ghrelin, leptin and insulin-like growth factor genes (IGF-1) were improved in fish that fed on 10% and 15% of S. platensis more than C. vulgaris against the toxic impact of heavy metals. 15% of C. vulgaris improved the activity of catalase (CAT), while the activity of superoxide dismutases (SOD) was improved at 10% of both C. vulgaris and S. platensis. C. vulgaris and S. platensis increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity compared to the normality. Our results concluded that S. platensis can effectively provide a protection in terms of growth-related genes expression in O. niloticus. Further, both C. vulgaris and S. platensis modulated heavy metals-induced oxidative stress.

Bioaccumulation, Hepatotoxicity, Immune Response and Growth in Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Cadmium

Bioaccumulation, Hepatotoxicity, Immune Response and Growth in Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Cadmium

Effects of recirculation rates on water quality and Oreochromis niloticus growth in aquaponic systems

The present study examined the effects of three recirculation rates (50%, 200% and 400%) on water quality and biomass growth at low and high fish stocking densities (122 and 220 fish/m3) in aquaponic systems. The system consisted of a Tilapia tank connected to a gravel filter and three hydroponic trenches in series with Ipomoea aquatica, Lactuca sativa and Canna glauca. The RRs influenced most water quality parameters with best water quality at the high RR. At the low RR of 50% mass mortality of fish occurred due to lack of oxygen. The fish growth and survival was excellent in the high RR of 400% at the low fish density of 122 fish/m3. The plant trenches were found to be effective in removing potential harmful concentrations of NH4-N and NO2-N from the recirculating water. For each kg of fish produced in this system approximately 1.0m3 water was needed. During a 25-day period about 1kg of marketable fresh biomass of I. aquatica and 270g dry weight aboveground biomass of C. glauca was produced. It is concluded that high recirculation rate of the water of 200–400% per day is needed to secure a good growth and a low FCR of Tilapia in aquaponic systems. High recirculation rates also secure a good water quality. The aquaponic system has a very low effluent discharge compared to traditional aquaculture techniques, and it recycles nutrients for plant growth. Hence, aquaponic system is a promising sustainable solution that can be applied on commercial fish pond scale.

Age and growth of &lt;i&gt;Oreochromis niloticus&lt;/i&gt; (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in Mexico

Age and growth of Oreochromis niloticus from Lagoon of Coatetelco, Morelos State, Mexico were studied from January through December, 1993. Scales of 318 specimens were collected. Modal length at capture was 10. 5 -11. 5 cm standard length. Scales rings were forrned during December. Back-calculated lengths-at-age showed no significant differences by sexo Four check marks were recorded. According to the growth curve parameters for population, the fish grow at a low rate (k=O.07) until they achieve a size (Loo) of 2 9. 19 cm. Length-frequency analysis (Bhattacharya's Gaussian component deterrnination procedure) do not differ significantly (t-student, p

Comparative study of the growth of Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus in sewage ponds

Tilapia is a delicacy and of economic importance among freshwater capture fisheries. Some of these tilapia species are Oreochromis niloticus and Sarotherodon galilaeus. O. niloticus has better growth rate in fresh water culture than other tilapine species such as the S. galilaeus . However, due to pollution risk, sewage water might not support the growth of O. niloticus or any other tilapia species. The method used in this study was to assess the quality of physio-chemical parameters of sewage water in each of the sewage treatment ponds alongside the growth of O. niloticus and S. galilaeus in the ponds. The aim of this researech was to compare the growth of O. niloticus and S. galilaeus cultured in 1 m3 by volume of 1 mm net size mounted in the sewage treatment ponds in Tamale (Ghana) without supplementary feeding. The water quality was monitored every 2 weeks for six months to assess the levels of temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen and ammonia. The overall mean weight of O. niloticus (19. 8 g) was higher than that of S. galilaeus (14. 0 g). The average growth rate of O. niloticus was higher (0. 13 g/day) than that of S. galilaeus (0. 12 g/day). Both O. niloticus and S. galilaeus in the aerobic pond showed a superior average growth rate of 0. 21 g/day and 0. 20 g/day respectively than fishes in the other ponds. Mean Dissolved Oxygen remained high (5. 9-7. 6 mg L -1 ) in all the ponds throughout the study. Biological oxygen demand values between 3. 2 mg L -1 and 18. 9 mg L -1 were observed in the ponds between January and September. Ammonia-nitrogen or ionized Ammonia ranged from 1. 1 mg L -1 to 10. 0 mg L -1 . The minimum and maximum turbidity values in the ponds ranged from 32-480 NTU. High concentrations of toxic (un-ionized) ammonia exceeding 2. 0 mg L -1 occurred in all the ponds at certain times of the study and led to the death of O. niloticus and S. galilaeus.

PISCICULTURA SUPERINTENSIVA ASSOCIADA À HIDROPONIA EM SISTEMA DE RECIRCULAÇÃO DE ÁGUA

O avanço da tilapicultura no mundo está levando a intensificação do descarte de efluentes no ambiente e acarretando sérios riscos à natureza. No entanto, integrando-se piscicultura superintensiva, recirculação de água e hidroponia, tais resíduos deixam de ser descartados, sendo então reaproveitados pelos vegetais. Com este intuito, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o crescimento de tilápias Oreochromis niloticus e alfaces hidropônicas (Lactuca sativa), bem como, analisar paralelamente a qualidade da água a fim de validar a integração piscicultura intensiva e hidroponia, sem o uso de fertilizantes, em sistema de recirculação fechada com uso de biofiltro externo. As qualidades físico-químicas da água foram mantidas adequadas durante todo período experimental. Foram obtidos valores satisfatórios quanto ao ganho de peso, pesagem final, conversão alimentar e sobrevivência dos peixes, os quais apresentaram comprimento e peso final médio de, respectivamente, 17,6 cm e 100,2 g, em uma densidade de 130 peixes/m3. O consumo de ração total foi de 4760 g e a conversão alimentar foi de 0,5. Obteve-se 43 pés de alfaces, com diâmetro médio de 33,6 ± 5,9 cm e peso de 158,33 ± 49,19g. Conclui-se que o sistema desenvolvido pode assegurar um desenvolvimento sustentável e otimizado na atividade aquática, racionalizando o uso da água através da integração do sistema hidropônico.

Stimulatory effects of neuropeptide Y on food intake and growth of Oreochromis niloticus

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of human neuropeptide Y (NPY), administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally on food intake and growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (11.19 g) in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, which lasted for 24 h, NPY was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) at 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.6 μg g − 1 body weight (bw). In the second experiment, NPY was given orally at 0, 0.125 and 0.25 μg g − 1 feed for 50 days. In experiment 1, food intake was significantly increased by i.p. administration of NPY at 10 h post-injection, but the stimulation rapidly diminished at 24-h post-injection. Food intake was 39% higher in the group received 0.6 μg g − 1 bw than the control during the first 10 h. In experiment 2, average final weight of the fish fed 0.25 μg g − 1 feed NPY was found to be approximately 12% higher than the control group. Specific growth rate and daily food intake were significantly higher at 0.25 μg g − 1 compared to the control ( P < 0.05). Differences in growth rate and feed intake started to appear around the 30th day of culture and this trend remained the same until the end of the feeding. The dose of 0.125 μg g − 1 feed NPY stimulated food intake but not growth. The present results show that NPY either administered by i.p. injection or through feed has stimulatory effects on food intake as well as growth of O. niloticus.

Effects of sodium chloride on water quality and growth of Oreochromis niloticus in earthen ponds

AbstractA 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted between April and August 2001 to evaluate the effects of NaCl on Oreochromis niloticus growth and water quality in twelve 0.015 ha limed ponds. The design involved fertilizer and salt as factors with two treatments for each factor. Each salt‐fertilizer combination was replicated three times and fish were not offered external food during the 98 days culture. Growth of O. niloticus was significantly enhanced by salt at higher fertilizer level but not at the lower fertilization level. Although salt had no direct effect on fish growth, a significant salt‐fertilizer interaction was demonstrated. Water quality variables, with a few exceptions, were similar among the salted treatments. Total ammonia increased significantly with fertilization level, but the values were similar in salted and unsalted treatments at the same fertilizer level. Total nitrogen was higher in the salted than unsalted treatments while the organic matter content was lower in the salted treatments. The reasons for the better growth of O. niloticus, are discussed with respect to water quality variables. The present results suggest that fertilization rates of 20 kg N ha−1 may have negative effects on fish growth. However, presence of sodium chloride seems to reduce these negative effects.

First data on rabbit dung as a water fertilizer in tropical fish culture and its effect on the growth of Oreochromis niloticus (Teleostei, Cichlidae)

The influence of rabbit dung on water quality, plankton occurrence and Nile tilapia growth (Oreochromis niloticus) was studied. pH and total alkalinity increased, dissolved oxygen concentration decreased but not below the critical level whilst the nitrogen parameters were not affected in a significant way. An important increase of plankton was recorded and was reflected in a decrease of transparency: the phytoplankton density was 2.7 times that of the controls. Tilapia growth rate in the manure treatments was 5.1 times that of the control group; no significant difference in survival rates was observed.

Parameterization and calibration of a model to simulate effects of feeding level and feed composition on growth of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) and Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

A dynamic model to simulate growth of the African catfish. Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), was parameterized and calibrated for Nile tilapia. Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). The model predicts fish weight and fat percentage from the amount and composition of the feed and water temperature. The major factor determining the efficiency of feed conversion is the proportion of energy provided by protein oxidation, which is positively related to the protein feeding level and the protein/energy ratio of the feed. The model predicted fresh weight of the herbivorous Oreochromis niloticus in independent experimental data with a mean deviation of -2.1% (range -23% to +37%) of observed values (fish weights 10-40 g), For the carnivorous Oncorhynchus mykiss, this value was 4.8% (range -21% to +24%, 50-800 g), Options for further improvement of the model are discussed. We conclude that the structure of the model applies to a broad range of fish species and feeding schedules, provided that both feed and fish are characterized by a set of specific parameters.

Thermal effects

Thermal effects