Growth Of Graphene Oxide Research Articles

Study the electron field emission properties of plasma-based reduction of graphene oxide (GO): An ex-situ plasma approach

Vacuum-based electron emission devices requires fast and low turn-on field processes. Graphene oxide (GO) can be a perfect candidate for field electron emission applications. In this work, we have prepared graphene oxide (GO) via modified Hummer's method and treated it with dense plasma of argon gas (Ar). The surface morphology of the prepared GO reveals the growth of the stacked-layer and large surface area flakes of GO. Raman spectra reveals the high defective growth of GO. The impurities in the GO are due to the incorporation of oxygen moieties. For enhancing the field emission properties, the GO thin films were treated with a dense plasma of Ar gas at 50, 100, 150 and 200 W. Raman spectra strongly indicates the removal of oxygen moieties and formation of defects and vacancies in the sheet of plasma-treated GO. The field emission properties drastically improved in the scenario of plasma-treated GO field emitters. The turn-on and threshold fields were reduced after plasma treatment in comparison with pristine GO field emitters. The reduction in the turn-on and threshold fields is due to the enhancement in the edge effects, protrusion formation and modification in structural properties. The emission current density was drastically enhanced in the 200 W plasma-treated GO field emitters. The emission stability test was performed for a 600 min at 3 V / μ m applied electric field. The stability was enhanced with plasma power and shows the minimum current fluctuation. The field enhancement factor also improved after plasma treatment and for 200 W treated β becomes 3 times the pristine GO. We have also implemented the orthodox emission hypothesis test, which was qualified by the prepared pristine and plasma-treated GO field emitters due to the f e x t r values belonging in the acceptable range. Conclusively, Ar gas plasma-treated GO field emitters can be useful for emission applications in vacuum devices.

Silver nanocubes/graphene oxide hybrid film on a hydrophobic surface for effective molecule concentration and sensitive SERS detection

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a promising analytical technique with molecular “fingerprint” characteristic and high sensitivity. To achieve high sensitivity, analytes should be located in or around the so-called SERS “hot spots” that are normally formed in sub-10 nm gaps between the neighboring plasmonic nanostructures. Ordinary SERS substrates generally show low sensitivity to the molecules that have weak affinity to noble-metal surfaces. Here, we fabricate an effective SERS system that can concentrate and adsorb organic pollutants in water for sensitive SERS detection. Such a SERS platform is composed of a thin film of Ag nanocubes/graphene oxide hybrid covered on a small Cu foil, and the Cu foil is placed on a hydrophobic teflon surface. The Ag nanocubes/graphene oxide hybrid film is synthesized by growth of graphene oxide on a Cu foil using electrophoresis and subsequent assembly of Ag nanocubes on the graphene oxide in ethanol via van der Waals interactions. Organic pollutant molecules can be concentrated on the hybrid film by adding a droplet of aqueous analyte solution on the hybrid film and evaporating. Due to the hydrophobic nature of teflon surface, the droplet will shrink onto the hybrid film and realize the concentration of analyte molecules on a SERS platform. There exists large delocalized π-electron system in the graphene oxide, so the Ag nanocubes/graphene oxide hybrid can effectively adsorb a large number of analyte molecules. As there are plenty of nano-sized gaps between the Ag nanocubes that are densely attached on the graphene oxide sheets, high density SERS hot spots can be formed in the gaps. As a result, the Ag nanocubes/graphene oxide hybrid has shown high SERS activity with an enhancement factor of 3.9 × 108 and good signal uniformity (relative standard deviation ∼12%). It is further demonstrated that the hybrid SERS substrates have exhibited high SERS sensitivity to organic pollutants such as 4-chlorobiphenyl and methyl parathion, showing promising applicability in many fields as diverse as chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and food safety inspection.

Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide on magnetic ribbon: Toward high sensitive and selectable magnetoimpedance response

Graphene oxide (GO) layers have shown to be fascinating elements for application in high performance sensors. They can be applied in multi-disciplinary designs based on surface selective sensing mechanisms. One immediate application of such surface sensitive elements is implementing of GO layer in magnetoimpedance (MI) sensors to improve their multi-functionality. In this paper, deposition of GO on the surface of Co-based amorphous ribbons (Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15) is performed using electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method to evaluate the MI response. MI ratio increased from 271% (bare ribbon) up to 281% and 301% EPD GO deposited within 4 and 8 min, respectively. Similar experiment for the ribbon drop coated with GO was carried out while no enhancement in MI response was seen. Vertical growth of GO on the surface of the ribbon in EPD and drop coated layers observed by topographical measurements. We explained the difference between the MI responses based on layers verticality and surface coverage. UV–Visible absorption and Raman spectroscopy were used to study the nature of GO. Gaining a high surface area of GO along with their biocompatible and anticorrosive properties atop the MI sensors can open pathways towards increasing applications of surface selective and high sensitive MI sensors.

Effective adsorption and collection of cesium from aqueous solution using graphene oxide grown on porous alumina

Graphene oxide (GO) with a large surface area was synthesized by the direct growth of GO on porous alumina using chemical vapor deposition to study the Cs adsorption mechanism in aqueous solutions. Electronic structure analysis employing in situ near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements clarifies the Cs atoms bond via oxygen functional groups on GO in the aqueous solution. The Cs adsorption capacity was found to be as high as 650–850 mg g−1, which indicates that the GO/porous alumina acts as an effective adsorbent with high adsorption efficiency for radioactive nuclides in aqueous solutions.

Improved synthesis and growth of graphene oxide for field effect transistor biosensors.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has many advantages over graphene such as low-cost, aqueous processable and industrial-scalable. However, two main limitations that prevent the use of RGO in electronics are the high electrical resistance and large electrical resistance deviation between fabricated devices. This limits RGO's use in biosensors, capacitors and other electronic devices. Herein, we present (1) a modified Hummer's method to obtain large RGO flakes via in-situ size fractionation and (2) the novel growth of RGO which can bridge the gaps in-between existing RGO flakes. Together, these two processes reduced the electrical resistance drastically from 1.99E+06 to 4.68E+03 Ω/square and the standard deviation decreased from 80.5% to 16.5%. The RGO was then fabricated into a field-effect transistor biosensor. A 1pmol to 100nmol change in Cytochrome C protein corresponded to a 3% change in electrical resistance. The reported improved RGO synthesis method and subsequent growth enable large-scale application of RGO in practical electronic devices such as biosensors.

Ferromagnetism of three-dimensional graphene framework

A three-dimensional graphene framework (3DGF) was synthesizedviahydrothermal growth of graphene oxide (GO) suspension.

Improvement of interfacial bonding in carbon nanotube reinforced Fe–50Co composites by Ni–P coating: Effect on magnetic and mechanical properties

Fe–50Co matrix composites containing 1.5 and 3 vol% of electroless Ni–P plated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were densified using spark plasma sintering. The powder mixtures for the composites were prepared by two different routes: (a) ultrasonication only; and (b) ultrasonication followed by dry ball milling. Drying of the Ni–P plated CNTs under atmospheric conditions in the presence of ethanol promoted the nucleation and growth of graphene oxide on the coating. The ball milling route was found to be the most efficient method to disperse the coated nanotubes uniformly in the matrix. The addition of coated CNTs, which formed Taenite phase with the matrix alloy, made the composites to exhibit: (a) higher ductility, higher flexural strength, lower coercivity (Hc) and lower saturation induction (Bsat) compared to the monolithic material; and (b) higher ductility, higher flexural strength, higher Hc and lower Bsat in relation to the material with similar amount of bare CNTs.