Peak Height Velocity Research Articles

Prediction of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in late childhood from attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in early childhood.

Limited analyses based on national samples have assessed whether early attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms predict later internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth and the influence of sex and pubertal timing on subsequent psychiatric symptoms. This study analyzed data (n = 2818) from the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes Program national cohort. Analyses used data from early childhood (mean age = 5.3 years) utilizing parent-reported ADHD symptoms to predict rates of internalizing and externalizing symptoms from late childhood/adolescence (mean age = 11.9 years). Within a subsample age at peak height velocity (APHV) acted as a proxy to assess pubertal timing from early childhood (mean age = 5.4 years) to adolescence (mean age = 12.3 years). Early-childhood ADHD symptoms predicted later psychiatric symptoms, including anxiety, depression, aggressive behavior, conduct problems, oppositional defiant disorder, and rule-breaking behavior. Earlier APHV was associated with increased Conduct Disorder symptoms from late childhood to adolescence for females only. A stronger relation between ADHD symptoms and later aggression was observed in females with earlier APHV, whereas this same pattern with aggression, conduct problems and depression was observed in males with later APHV. Clinicians should consider that both young girls and boys with elevated ADHD symptoms, particularly with off-set pubertal timing, may be at risk for later psychiatric symptoms.

Kelayakan Investasi Usaha Ayam Broiler Sistem Closed House Dan Open House Di Kabupaten Madiun

Animal protein is a protein that is good for the growth of the human body. Broiler chicken is one source of protein that is often consumed. Broiler production in Madiun Regency is not sufficient, so it is necessary to increase production through broiler farming. This study aims to identify the feasibility of broiler business investment. The location of the research was Madiun Regency and the research was conducted in May-June 2023. Respondents were taken by purposive sampling by taking 30 respondents from closed and open house systems. The non-financial feasibility analysis used market aspects, technical aspects, management and legal aspects, social, economic and cultural aspects, and environmental aspects. Based on non-financial aspects, the closed house system does not fulfill the environmental aspects and the location of the cage is too close to residential areas. Financial analysis using NPV, Net BC, IRR, PP and switching value sensitivity analysis. The results of the financial feasibility study with an interest rate of 6% and a business life of 10 years, the closed house and open house cage systems are feasible. The closed house has higher NPV, IRR, Net B/C and PP values than the open house, so the closed house system is more profitable than the open house. The results of the switching value sensitivity analysis of both types of cages have the most sensitive changes to the business in the form of decreased production, decreased prices and increased feed costs. Partnership system broiler farmers are unable to regulate selling prices and feed prices, so the only way to keep the business viable is to maintain the resulting production. Therefore, farmers must be able to master good production management and cage management to produce maximum broiler production.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Coumarin Analogs Targeted against SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV, an RNA virus, is contagious and displays a remarkable degree of adaptability, resulting in intricate disease presentations marked by frequent genetic mutations that can ultimately give rise to drug resistance. Targeting its viral replication cycle could be a potential therapeutic option to counter its viral growth in the human body leading to the severe infectious stage. The Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 is a promising target for therapeutic development as it is crucial for viral transcription and replication. The derivatives of β-diketone and coumarin have already been reported for their antiviral potential and, thus, are considered as a potential scaffold in the current study for the computational design of potential analogs for targeting the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. In our study, we used novel diketone-hinged coumarin derivatives against the SARS-CoV-2 MPro to develop a broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting SARS-CoV-2. Through an analysis of pharmacokinetics and docking studies, we identified a list of the top 10 compounds that demonstrated effectiveness in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 MPro virus. On the basis of the pharmacokinetics and docking analyses, the top 5 novel coumarin analogs were synthesized and characterized. The thermodynamic stability of compounds KS82 and KS94 was confirmed by their molecular dynamics, and the stability of the simulated system indicated their inhibitory nature. Molecules KS82 and KS94 were further evaluated for their anti-viral potential using Vero E6 cells followed by RT-PCR assay against SARS-CoV-2. The test compound KS82 was the most active with the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells. These data indicate that KS82 prevents the attack of the virus and emerges as the primary candidate with promising antiviral properties.

On some methodical aspects of estimation of intergroup morphological variability in growth studies

The significance of growth activity peak in screening studies of children and adolescents as biomarker of chronobiological status of the population is the focus of present research. The broad spectrum of samples (N = 43), including different ethno-territorial groups of Russia and former USSR, examined throughout a wide historical period of second half of 20th — beginning of 21st century, was included in the analysis. The material source was data from literature and authors’ own databases. The following indicators of growth activity peak were calculated for each group: age (in years) of the maximal velocity of growth changes of the average level of height through the adolescence, estimated by empiric rows of annual changes of mean height with further smoothing by the least squares method — separately for boys and girls; its absolute value (cm) and chronological age (years). Intragroup sexual differences of these characteristics were considered as well. The subsequent statistical analysis (Statistica 10 package was used) revealed, that intergroup distribution of age at peak height velocity was not Gaussian and gravitated towards bimodality for both sexes. Herewith the least urbanized groups (rural Abkhazians and urban Mongolians) were excluded from analysis due to the specificity of the dynamic lines of height gains. The factor analysis established auton-omy of pubertal growth acceleration of male and female teenagers — the first factor describes growth activity for males, the second one — for females. The analysis of intergeneration dynamics of age at peak height velocity, on the example of Moscow boys and girls, established, that the used parameter might indicate occasional changes of quality of life of a population (for ex-ample, introduction of free school lunches during the NEP period), as well as more global changes (intensified urbanization throughout the 20th century). The results of the study suggest that the variability of the growth activity peak parameters indicate significant social/anthropogenic base of chronobiological status of the population and independent growth strategies of males and females, which allows considering it as valid and promising biomarker in population growth studies.

Growth in height and its association with overweight and obesity in Mexican children: an evaluation based on a nationally representative sample (ENSANUT 2018).

Chronological age and height records (7,097 boys and 6,167 girls) were obtained from the Mexican National Survey of Health and Nutrition database. Height growth curves were fitted using the Preece-Baines 1 (PB1) model and the LMS method. Age at peak height velocity (APHV) was 12.4 and 12.7 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight boys, respectively, and was 9.6 and 10.4 years for overweight-obese and normal-weight girls, respectively. Growth velocity was higher at the age of take-off (TO) in overweight-obese children than in normal-weight children (5.2 cm/year vs. 5 cm/year in boys and 6.1 cm/year vs. 5.6 cm/year in girls); nevertheless, the growth velocity at APHV was higher for normal-weight children than for overweight-obese children (7.4 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in boys and 6.8 cm/year vs. 6.6 cm/year in girls, respectively). Distance curves developed in the present study and by the World Health Organization (WHO) using LMS showed similar values for L and S parameters and a higher M value compared with the WHO reference values. This study concluded that overweight-obese children had earlier APHV and lower PHV than normal-weight children. Furthermore, Mexican children and adolescents were shorter than the WHO growth reference by age and sex.

Effects of Dust Storm and Wildfire Events on Phytoplankton Growth and Carbon Sequestration in the Tasman Sea, Southeast Australia

Dust storms and wildfires occur frequently in south-eastern Australia. Their effects on the ecology, environment and population exposure have been the focus of many studies recently. Dust storms do not emit ground-sequestered carbon, but wildfires emit significant quantities of carbon into the atmosphere. However, both natural events promote phytoplankton growth in water bodies because carbon, and other trace elements such as iron, deposit on the surface water of oceans. Carbon dioxide is reabsorbed by phytoplankton via photosynthesis. The carbon balance cycle due to dust storms and wildfires is not well known. Recent studies on the carbon emission of the 2019–2020 summer wildfires in eastern Australia indicated that this megafire event emitted approximately 715 million tonnes of CO2 (195 Tg C) into the atmosphere from burned forest areas. This study focusses on the association of dust storms and wildfires in southeastern Australia with phytoplankton growth in the Tasman Sea due to the February 2019 dust storm event and the 2019–2020 Black Summer wildfires. Central Australia and western New South Wales were the sources of the dust storm emission (11 to 16 February 2019), and the Black Summer wildfires occurred along the coast of New South Wales and Victoria (from early November 2019 to early January 2020). The WRF-Chem model is used for dust storm simulation with the AFWA (Air Force Weather Agency of the US) dust emission version of the GOCART model, and the WRF-Chem model is used for wildfire simulation with FINN (Fire Emission Inventory from NCAR) emission data. The results show the similarities and differences in the deposition of particulate matter, phytoplankton growth and carbon reabsorption patterns in the Tasman Sea from these events. A higher rate of deposition of PM2.5 on the ocean surface corresponds to a higher rate of phytoplankton growth. Using the WRF-Chem model, during the 5-day dust storm event in February 2019, approximately ~1230 tons of total dust was predicted to have been deposited in the Tasman Sea, while ~132,000 tons of PM10 was deposited in the early stage of the wildfires from 1 to 8 November 2019.

Determinants and Prevalence of Stunting Among Children Under the Age of Five in Pakistan

Background: Stunting is a serious problem related to public health mostly affecting children under five years of age in various middle and low-income countries globally. It is a situation in which the growth and advancement of the human body is reduced.Objective: This study is purposed to figure out the key factors of stunting and the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan.Methods: A comprehensive search on key databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect was made for relevant articles published between 2005 to 2022. For data reporting and analysis PRISMA checklist 2020 was used and a sum of 13 articles describing the determinants and prevalence of stunting in different rural and urban communities of Pakistan were selected for this systematic review.Results: The prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five ranges from 18.58% to 61%, with a pooled prevalence of 39.26%. 12 out of 13 studies mentioned the mother's lack of education (prevalence range:16.6%-98.3%), 10 studies touched upon lower socioeconomic status (prevalence range: 37%-77.8%),8 studies mentioned residence in rural areas (prevalence range: 40.7%-79%), 5 studies showed unsanitary conditions (prevalence range:10.4%-77%), 6 studies mentioned overcrowded families (prevalence range: 26%-64.1%) are the main determinants of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan. Only one article brought up that 33.9% of stunted children were underweight at birth and 39.1% children stunted children started weaning before the age of 6 months.Conclusion: The most recurrent factor was the mother's lack of education, followed by lower socioeconomic status, then residence in rural areas, then overcrowded families, followed by unsanitary conditions and lastly underweight children at birth and weaning age of less than 6 months. The overall pooled prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five in Pakistan is 39.26%.

Effect of maturation level on normative specific-agility performance metrics and their fitness predictors in soccer players aged 11–18 years

BackgroundIn sports sciences, normative data serve as standards for specific physical performance attributes, enhancing talent identification within a specific population. The aim of this study was to provide standard data for Agility-15 m, Ball-15 m tests, and skill index, considering maturation level, specifically age at peak height velocity (PHV). The study also investigated the relationship between relative performances in these tests and anthropometrics, jumping (squat jump [SJ], countermovement jump [CMJ]), and sprinting abilities (S-5 m, S-10 m, S-20 m, S-30 m) in young soccer players.MethodsThe study involved 647 soccer players aged 11–18 years, categorized into three groups: pre-PHV, circum-PHV, and post-PHV. Statistical analysis was conducted using analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc testing to detect variations among maturation groups, and Pearson’s correlation test to examine the relationship between factors.ResultsAgility-15 m and ball-15 m performances among maturity groups showed significant differences (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were identified in pre-PHV group, between lower limb length and Agility-15 m (r=-0.23, p < 0.05) and between height and Ball-15 m (r=-0.23, p < 0.05). In post-PHV group, there was a correlation between body fat percentage (BF %) and Agility-15 m (r = 0.17, p < 0.05) and Ball-15 m (r = 0.21, p < 0.05). In all maturity groups, there were significant correlations between agility and sprint tests (S-5 m, S-10 m, S-20 m, and S-30 m) and muscle power (SJ and CMJ).ConclusionThe study revealed that both speed and lower limb power significantly influence agility in young soccer players, providing valuable insights for coaches and practitioners to create tailored training plans and interventions for different age groups and maturity levels.

Fat-free mass predictive equation using bioelectrical impedance and maturity offset in adolescent athletes: Development and cross-validation

ObjectivesThis is a cross-sectional study, aimed to develop and cross-validate a fat-free mass (FFM) predictive equation using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance (BIA), considering the predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV) as a variable. Additionally, the study aims to test the FFM-BIA obtained using a previous predictive equation that used skeletal maturity as a variable. MethodThe participants (n = 169 male adolescent athletes) were randomly divided into two groups: development of a new predictive equation (n = 113), and cross-validation (n = 56). The concordance test between the FFM values obtained by Koury et al. predictive equation and DXA data was determined (n = 169). Bioelectrical data was obtained using a single-frequency analyzer. ResultsAmong the models tested, the new predictive equation has resistance index (height2/resistance) and predictive age at PHV as variables and presented R2 = 0.918. The frequency of maturity status using skeletal maturity and PHV diagnosis was inadequate (Kappa = 0.4257; 95%CI = 0.298–0.553). Bland-Altman plots and concordance correlation coefficient showed substantial concordance between the FFM-DXA values (48.8 ± 11.2 kg) and the new predictive equation (CCC = 0.960). The results showed that the new equation performed better than the equation developed by Koury et al. (CCC = 0.901). ConclusionsOur results show that it is feasible to predict FFM in male adolescent athletes using predictive age at PHV, with moderate concordance. The calculation of FFM using more economical and less complex variables is viable and should be further explored.

Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Melalui Permainan Modifikasi Estafet Bola Di TK IT Daarush-Shohaabah Cikoneng

Introduction: One form of education is early childhood education, where the basics are physical growth and development (fine and gross motor coordination), intelligence, social emotionality, language and communication. Gross motor skills are one aspect of a child's development that must be optimized because they are very important for maximizing the growth and development of a child's body. To develop gross motor skills in children, this can be done by playing ball relay games. Objective: The aim is to determine children's gross motor skills through the modified relay ball game at Daarush-Shohaabah Cikoneng IT Kindergarten. Method: This community service was carried out at the Daarush-Shohaabah Cikoneng IT Kindergarten with a total of 48 children participating. This community service seeks to monitor gross motor skills in children by conducting observations and intervening or treating ball relay games to improve gross motor skills. Observation of gross motor skills is carried out by dividing them into several indicators, namely not yet developing, starting to develop, developing as expected and developing very well. Result: After the ball relay game treatment was carried out, the number of undeveloped indicators decreased to 2 children (4.17%), the indicators starting to develop became 4 (8.33%), the indicators developed according to expectations, 24 children (50%), In the very well developed indicator, there was an increase of 18 (37.5%). Conclusion : The conclusion is that the implementation of this community service activity went well according to what was desired and what had been planned. This community service has a positive value for the Daarush-Shohaabah Cikoneng IT Kindergarten students. This can be seen from the enthusiasm and activeness of the participants in carrying out the ball relay game activities and the results of the observations carried out which have good values ​​for the motor skills of children at the Daarush-Shohaabah Cikoneng IT Kindergarten.

Disaggregating the influence of maturity status on training, anthropometric, performance, skeletal periphery, and hormonal factors in athletic boys

Maturity offset (i.e., age from peak height velocity [PHV]) is widely used to assess maturational status among youth athletes, but details on the skeletal periphery, hormones and training factors are lacking. More precision is also needed to explicate the timing, tempo, and sequence of growth-related events. These gaps were addressed in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and two athletic boys (aged 14.1 ± 0.5 years) were evaluated for training details, salivary testosterone and cortisol, height, body mass, body mass index, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), hand and carpal bone area, bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and countermovement jump performance. Participants were assigned to circa-PHV (N = 56) and post-PHV (N = 46) groups for comparisons, before data pooling and disaggregation using generalized additive and linear regression models. The older post-PHV group had a larger body size, more testosterone, and better performance and skeletal outcomes, whilst weekly training and school-based exercise favored the younger circa-PHV group (all p < 0.001). Smoother plots verified these differences via linear, or weakly non-linear, associations. Maturity offset was predicted (R2 = 0.848) by the linear combination of FFM (42.0 % relative contribution), hand BMD (31.5 %), chronological age (16.0 %), testosterone (6.7 %), and training hours (3.8 %). In conclusion, athletic boys who presented at different stages of maturity (-0.98 to 2.84 years from PHV) also differed on many developmental features. Most variables increased at constant, or near-constant, tempo with a higher maturity offset, with FFM and hand BMD emerging as the strongest linear predictors of maturational status.

Maturity Status and Relative Age of Elite Taekwondo Youth Competitors-Case Study on Croatian National Team.

This study examines the maturity status and relative age effect in elite youth taekwondo Croatian National Team athletes. Measurements of biological age, maturity offset, and body composition were taken from a sample of 17 junior athletes. Differences in maturity status were observed among athletes of the same chronological age, with variations in sitting height and age at peak height velocity. Male athletes generally exhibited higher values in body height, percentage of body fat, muscle mass, and total body water. No significant relative age effect was found. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual biological age and maturity status for talent development and training program adjustments. Further research involving athletes from different countries is recommended to validate these results and enhance the understanding of youth taekwondo athlete development.

Analysis of the Substantial Growth of Water Bodies during the Urbanization Process Using Landsat Imagery—A Case Study of the Lixiahe Region, China

In the process of urbanization, water bodies bear considerable anthropogenic pressure, resulting in a reduction of their surface area in most instances. Nevertheless, in contrast to many other regions, the Lixiahe region in Jiangsu Province, located in China’s eastern plain, has experienced a continuous expansion of water bodies over the past few decades amid rapid urbanization. Using Landsat images spanning from 1975 to 2023, this study analyzed changes in water resources and the growth of impervious surfaces during urbanization. The findings revealed that the area of impervious surfaces in the region increased from 227.1 km2 in 1975 to 1883.1 km2 in 2023. Natural wetland suffered significant losses, declining from 507.2 km2 in 1975 to near disappearance by the year 2000, with no significant recovery observed thereafter. Simultaneously, the water area expanded from 459.3 km2 in 1975 to 2373.1 km2 in 2023, primarily propelled by the significant contribution of aquaculture ponds, accounting for 2175.0 km2 or 91.7% of the total water area. Driver analysis revealed that these changes were found to be influenced by factors such as population, economy, demand, and policies. However, alongside the economic development brought by urbanization, negative impacts such as lake shrinkage, eutrophication, and increased flood risks have emerged. The Lixiahe region, as a relatively underdeveloped part of Jiangsu Province, faces the challenge of striking a balance between economic growth and environmental conservation.

Evaluation of multi-directional speed qualities throughout adolescence in youth soccer: The non-linear nature of transfer

ABSTRACT Training and assessment of agility is often prioritised by soccer coaches and practitioners aiming to develop multi-directional speed. Although the importance of agility is advocated throughout childhood and adolescence, limited data evidence agility performance at different stages of adolescence. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in multi-directional speed performance in youth soccer players spanning an entire soccer academy. A total of 86 male junior-elite soccer players volunteered to participate. Anthropometric data were collected, alongside performance data from a battery of physical tests including sprinting, jumping, change of direction, reaction time, and agility. Bayesian models using log-likelihoods from posterior simulations of parameter values displayed linear or curvilinear relationships between both chronological and biological age and performance in all tests other than agility and reaction time. For agility and reaction time tests, performance improved until ~14 years of age or the estimated age of peak height velocity whereby arrested development in performance was observed. Our results demonstrate that while most performance skills improve as chronological or biological age increases, measures of agility and reaction time may not. These findings support the notion that agility performance is complex and multifaceted, eliciting unique, challenging physical demands and non-linear development.

Biological maturation, contextual factors, and future career in basketball: A possible interrelationship?

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the maturational state and contextual factors with future basketball career success in Under-16 (U16) Portuguese youth preparing for the U16 European Basketball Championships. Eighty-five Under-15 (U15) and U16 male basketball players (height: 189.7 ± 6.53 cm; body mass: 81.1 ± 9.96 kg; the age of peak height velocity: 13.3 ± 0.7 y) were selected by the Portuguese national coaching staff to participate in a national team training camp in 2016, 2017, and 2018 years. A binary logistic regression was employed to identify the influence of maturation, born quartile, demographic, geographic and economic characteristics, and sport career (i.e., drop out during first season and chance of playing professionally). Early maturing players were typically classified as inside players. Training experience and predicted adult height, and type of first club were able to predict players who dropped out during their first season at senior level (both p < 0.01). No variables were able to predict who played in a professional league during their first season at senior level. Practitioners should use these data to consider how national level basketball players are identified and developed, but also keep in mind of their specific contextual factors.

Optimizing calibration of modern skeletal maturity systems.

Greulich and Pyle is the most used system to estimate skeletal maturity but has significant drawbacks, prompting the development of newer skeletal maturity systems, such as the modified Fels skeletal maturity systems based on knee radiographs. To create a new skeletal maturity system, an outcome variable, termed a "skeletal maturity standard," must be selected for calibration of the system. Peak height velocity and 90% of final height are both considered reasonable skeletal maturity standards for skeletal maturity system development. We sought to answer two questions: (1) Does a skeletal maturity system developed using 90% of final height estimate skeletal age as well as it would if it was instead developed using peak height velocity? (2) Does a skeletal maturity system developed using 90% of final height perform as well in lower extremity length prediction as it would if it was instead developed using peak height velocity? The modified Fels knee skeletal maturity system was recalibrated based on 90% of final height and peak height velocity skeletal maturity standards. These models were applied to 133 serially obtained, peripubertal antero-posterior knee radiographs collected from 38 subjects. Each model was used to estimate the skeletal age of each radiograph. Skeletal age estimates were also used to predict each patient's ultimate femoral and tibial length using the White-Menelaus method. The skeletal maturity system calibrated with 90% of final height produced more accurate skeletal age estimates than the same skeletal maturity system calibrated with peak height velocity (p < 0.05). The 90% of final height and peak height velocity models made similar femoral and tibial length predictions (p > 0.05). Using the 90% of final height skeletal maturity standard allows for simpler skeletal maturity system development than peak height velocity with potentially more accuracy.

The effect of plyometric training and moderating variables on stretch-shortening cycle function and physical qualities in female post peak height velocity volleyball players.

Purpose: Although several studies investigated the effect of plyometric training on physical performance, there is a lack of clarity regarding the effectiveness of plyometric training or its moderator variables in youth female volleyball players. The primary aim of this study was to explore the effect of horizontal plyometric training on explosive stretch-shortening cycle hops and jumps in the vertical and horizontal directions in female post peak height velocity (PHV) volleyball players. The secondary aim was to assess the influence of participant and training related moderators on horizontal plyometric training in post-PHV volleyball players. Methods: A total of 23 post-PHV volleyball players participated in this 8-week intervention with horizontal plyometric exercises, twice a week. Pre-testing and post-testing included bilateral and unilateral vertical sub-maximal hopping, horizontal jumping and hopping, and a drop jump test. The effectiveness of the intervention was assessed using a paired t-test. The influence of internal moderators such as age, maturity and body mass and external moderators such as training volume were assessed using regression and correlation analysis. Results: An 8-week plyometric training improved sub-maximal hopping at 2.5Hz left by 4.4%, bilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.0Hz by 9.5% and bilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.2Hz by 6.8% in post-PHV female volleyball players. Horizontal jumping and hopping, reactive strength index and other sub-maximal hopping conditions did not improve significantly. Body mass had a large moderating effect on vertical unilateral sub-maximal hopping at 2.5Hz right (p = 0.010, η 2 = 0.314), vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0Hz right (p = 0.035, η 2 = 0.170), and vertical unilateral hopping at 3.0Hz left (p = 0.043, η 2 = 0.203). Training volume together with generalized joint hypermobility moderated right leg triple broad hop performance, whereas maturity and age did not moderate any variables. Conclusion: This study determined that 8weeks of horizontal plyometric training can improve unilateral absolute leg stiffness in post-PHV female volleyball players, and this training effect can be moderated by body mass. Furthermore, the training effect on triple hopping performance on the right leg can be moderated by combined training volume with generalized joint hypermobility.

Epigenetic age acceleration is associated with speed of pubertal growth but not age of pubertal onset

Using data from a longitudinal cohort of children, we examined whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) was associated with pubertal growth and whether these associations were mediated by adiposity. We examined associations between EAA at approximately 10 years of age with pubertal growth metrics, including age at peak height velocity (PHV), PHV, and sex steroid levels and whether these associations were mediated by measures of adiposity including body mass index (BMI) and MRI-assessed visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Children (n = 135) with accelerated EAA had higher PHV (β 0.018, p = 0.0008) although the effect size was small. The association between EAA and age at PHV was not significant (β − 0.0022, p = 0.067). Although EAA was associated with higher BMI (β 0.16, p = 0.0041), VAT (β 0.50, p = 0.037), and SAT (β 3.47, p = 0.0076), BMI and VAT did not mediate associations between EAA and PHV, while SAT explained 8.4% of the association. Boys with higher EAA had lower total testosterone (β − 12.03, p = 0.0014), but associations between EAA and other sex steroids were not significant, and EAA was not associated with sex steroid levels in girls. We conclude that EAA did not have strong associations with either age at onset of puberty or pubertal growth speed, although associations with growth speed were statistically significant. Studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this pattern of associations.

Association of Different Risk Factors with Iron Deficiency Anemia in Children

Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) arises from an imbalance in the body's iron production and demand, making it a prevalent form of anemia in children. While its causes are varied, many contributing factors to IDA are adjustable. If identified and addressed promptly, these factors can be modified to improve both immediate and extended health effects in children. 13It is an established fact that iron is an important component for growth of body and our nervous system. IDA in children may permanently disturb their sensory and cognitive ability. It is therefore important to determine its risk factors to ensure early screening and prevention among children. Aim and Objective: To determine correlation of different risk factors with Iron deficiency Anemia. Material and Methods: This case-control study, comprising 150 participants in each group, was carried out in the Pediatric department of Jinnah Hospital Lahore over a nine-month period, spanning from May 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023. Inclusion criteria involved children aged between 6 months and 12 years. Non-Probability consecutive sampling was employed to collect data, with informed consent obtained from parents/guardians. A pre-designed proforma was utilized for data collection. Statistical analysis using SPSS v.22 involved calculating mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and presenting frequency and percentages for categorical data. Risk assessment and association were determined using odds ratio and chi-square tests, with a p-value below 5% considered significant.

Every Move Counts to Improve Bone Health at Clinical Sites in Young Pediatric Cancer Survivors: The iBoneFIT Project.

We aimed to examine the associations of 24-h movement behaviors (moderate to vigorous physical activity [MVPA], light physical activity [LPA], sedentary behavior [SB], and sleep) with age-, sex-, and race-specific areal bone mineral density (aBMD) z -score parameters at clinical sites in young pediatric cancer survivors. This cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out within the iBoneFIT framework in which 116 young pediatric cancer survivors (12.1 ± 3.3 yr old; 42% female) were recruited. We obtained anthropometric and body composition data (i.e., body mass, stature, body mass index, and region-specific lean mass), time spent in movement behaviors over at least seven consecutive 24-h periods (wGT3x-BT accelerometer, ActiGraph), and aBMD z -score parameters (age-, sex-, and race-specific total at the body, total hip, femoral neck and lumbar spine). Survivors were classified according to somatic maturity (pre or peri/postpubertal depending on the estimated years from peak height velocity). The adjusted models' coefficients were used to predict the effect of reallocating time proportionally across behaviors on the outcomes. In prepubertal young pediatric cancer survivors, reallocating time to MVPA from LPA, SB, and sleep was significantly associated with higher aBMD at total body ( B = 1.765, P = 0.005), total hip ( B = 1.709, P = 0.003), and lumbar spine ( B = 2.093, P = 0.001). In peri/postpubertal survivors, reallocating time to LPA from MVPA, SB, and sleep was significantly associated with higher aBMD at all sites ( B = 2.090 to 2.609, P = 0.003 to 0.038). Reallocating time to SB from MVPA or LPA was significantly associated with lower aBMD at most sites in prepubertal and peri/postpubertal survivors, respectively. Finally, reallocating time to sleep from MVPA, LPA, and SB was significantly associated with lower aBMD at total body ( B = -2.572, P = 0.036) and total hip ( B = -3.371, P = 0.015). These findings suggest that every move counts and underline the benefits of increasing MVPA or LPA, when low MVPA levels are present, for bone regeneration after pediatric cancer treatment completion.