Growth Management Planning Research Articles

Framework for Implementing Improvement Science in a School District to Support Institutionalized Improvement

This paper presents a framework for implementing improvement science in a district or educational organization. Findings from interviews with 17 experienced educational improvers indicate critical elements for a school district to effectively support and build the capacity of individuals and teams situated at multiple levels in the district in organizing, implementing, and sustaining improvement science methods. Utilizing a systems-thinking approach, this study conceptualizes how to institutionalize improvement science across an educational organization. To institutionalize the use of improvement science, district leaders must center schools and integrate the work in existing structures, offer support, and create coaching, growth management, and knowledge management plans.

성장관리계획 산업형 성장유도구역의 실효성 제고 방안

This study was conducted on the growth management of non-urbanized areas in Sejong Special Self-Governing City, focusing on the operation of industrial growth induction zones for growth management plans. The effectiveness of integrating factories, warehouses, and manufacturing businesses, which are recommended for industrial growth induction zones, was investigated. Through in-depth interviews with entrepreneurs in related industries, officials in charge, the chairman of the Sejong City Council, and city council members, three analysis results and suggestions were made. The main improvement measures included creation of planned locations, improvement of policy publicity issues, support policies to attract companies, prevention of reckless development in non-urban areas.

세종특별자치시의 난개발과 정책적 대응

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES This study identifies the cause of the three changes in the Sejong City Growth Management Plan and analyzes related problems. In addition, the purpose of the study is to present improvement measures to prevent urban sprawl and the balloon effect, and to provide policy implications. (2) RESEARCH METHOD As a method of research, prior research and various literature is reviewed, and non-urbanized area management systems in Korea and abroad are compared and analyzed. It also compares applicable cases of relevant laws and guidelines. In addition, using related statistical data, the problems of the Sejong City Growth Management Plan are analyzed and improvement measures are suggested. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The main improvement measures include the application of discriminatory policies to areas other than growth-inducing zones, supplementing incentive systems, setting up planned urbanization sites as growth-inducing zones, linking them to unexecuted facilities in the city, restricting permission to development activities in mountain areas, the establishment of the Sejong Special Self-Governing City Growth Management Governance Committee (tentative name), the introduction of quasi-industrial complexes, integrating the factory location-inducing zone system into the Sejong Special Self-Governing City growth management plan, and urban development strategies for implementing regional unit planning guidelines in the surrounding area. 2. RESULTS As a result of this study, the problems of Sejong Special Self-Governing City's growth management plan implementation guidelines and eight improvement measures were presented, and two ways to apply non-urbanized area management systems were proposed.

비도시지역 관리체계 개선 방향에 관한 연구

In 2003, the National Land Planning And Utilization Act was enacted, but the non-urban area management system through the use area system has problems due to the too wide range of restrictions on management areas, small-scale development using loopholes in the existing legal system, and double administrative procedures due to the lifting of conservation areas. To solve this problem, it is necessary to re-establish the permit standards of non-urban areas or incorporate management areas into the vertical use area classification system to clearly distinguish the identity of the management area. In order to prevent waste of administrative power, it is necessary to give special-purpose areas to areas released from preserved mountainous districts and agricultural promotion areas without separate administrative procedures, strengthen diversion requirements for in preserved mountainous districts, and reorganize the management system so that accommodation facilities can only be made possible through planned locations such as district unit planning areas or growth management planning areas. The growth management plan is an auxiliary means for Permission for Development Activities and can designate non-permissible uses, but it cannot relax permitted uses, so it has limitations as a means of inducing location. In the case of planning management areas, most facilities are permitted due to negative use regulations, so it is difficult to induce location through additional relaxations. Therefore local governments and residents will actively establish growth management plans only when restrictions on behavior in existing special-purpose area are strengthened and ease of allowable use through growth management plan. The planned development of non-urban areas is possible only by planting the perception that regional development in non-urban areas is possible only through district unit plans and growth management plans.

Performance Analysis of Scheduling Algorithms on Fog Computing using YAFS

A smart device that has seen more development is the Internet of Things (IoT). An IoT system implementation requires a device that can accept and handle various sorts of data. Fog Computing is a solution to the issue since the IoT demands a device that can provide Real-Time. Certainly, load balancing involves scheduling the IoT devices and data used. Because Cloud and Fog Computing models enable data growth management and deployment planning, which necessitate a quicker response from platforms and applications, processing power scheduling is essential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of effective scheduling algorithms that adhere to these computing models platform requirements. The scheduling algorithm that can produce the lowest Processing Time and the resulting Time Efficiency is more efficient can be called the best scheduling algorithm. In this research, the author analyzes the performance of scheduling algorithms in the form of Round Robin and Priority Scheduling on Fog Computing. In this research, testing was carried out by creating a scenario of the effect of increasing the number of Fog Nodes and Devices used. The average result of scenario testing obtained for processing time for Round Robin is lower, and the highest Time Efficiency for Round Robin over Priority Scheduling is 11%. With these test results, the Round Robin scheduling algorithm has a simpler level of complexity. So, it can be concluded that Round Robin belongs to the category of the best scheduling algorithm in this case.

Land-Use Planning Approaches to Near-Campus Neighborhoods and Student Housing Development Patterns in Ontario, Canada

Student housing represents a contentious local policy issue in university cities in North America and beyond, related to both the conversion of existing housing to student rentals and the development of private purpose-built student accommodations. Yet little research has considered the variety of approaches municipalities across an urban system have adopted to address student housing issues through land-use planning and their subsequent influence on development patterns. Through an analysis of planning documents in all 15 Ontario urban areas with a primary campus of the province’s 20 public universities, we identify four broad approaches. These range from minimal intervention to covertly restricting student housing development, directing student housing away from established neighborhoods, and enabling high-density redevelopment of a residential district to accommodate students. Municipalities’ approaches reflect local context, notably their relationship to the province’s regional growth management plans. Case studies demonstrate how each approach has shaped purpose-built student accommodation development locally.

친환경적 유역관리를 위한 토지이용 관리방안 - 평택호 사례를 중심으로 -

The purpose of this study is to propose land-use policy strategies for environmental friendly watershed management for Pyeongtaek Lake. Primary research methods are 1) review of plans related to the land uses around Pyeongtaek Lake, 2) review of concepts about environmental friendly land use methods, 3) examination of relevant cases in South Korea and other countries. After the review of existing plans related to Pyeongtaek Lake and surrounding watershed areas, we found the following: 1) application of growth management strategies for the area undesignated from Pyeongtaek Lake tourism sites, 2) consideration and application of developable areas and incentive-related growth management plan, 3) necessity for management of local run-off and non-point pollution sources for water circulation system in the watershed. Based on the observation we derived the following conclusions: 1) we need land use management strategies especially for residential areas based on Low Impact Development, 2) land use strategies based on the combination of urban planning and institutional tools, 3) application of LID is necessary through incentives and requirement. We advise that due to the limited nature of literature review, further studies from quantitative approaches for environmental friendly land use management strategies are necessary in the future.

House Prices in the Peripheries of Mass Rapid Transit Stations Using the Contingent Valuation Method

With the implementation of growth management planning in urban areas and the realization of sustainable development visions, transit-oriented development has become a form of mainstream urban development. Relevant studies have verified that the market prices of houses in the peripheries of public transit stations are higher than those of regular houses. However, when buying a house, people make price decisions on the basis of their levels of identification with the amenities and environmental qualities of residential locations. The question arises whether current housing price levels in the peripheries of public transit stations properly reflect or over-reflect this consideration. To clarify this, this study selected the peripheries of mass rapid transit (MRT) stations in the Taipei metropolitan area in Taiwan as the research area and designed a willingness-to-pay questionnaire for houses in the peripheries of MRT stations by using the contingent valuation method. Subsequently, a Tobit regression model was established to estimate the prices that people are willing to pay for such houses. The results revealed that after the respondents had considered the advantages and disadvantages of the amenities and environmental qualities of the peripheries of MRT stations, they were willing to pay higher prices for a house in those areas than for a regular house. For houses in the peripheries of elevated stations, the respondents were willing to pay approximately 7.89% more than the average market price of the entire administrative district per square meter. For houses in the peripheries of underground stations, the respondents were willing to pay approximately 5.9% more than the average market price of the entire administrative district per square meter. However, in the peripheries of both elevated and underground stations, the current market house prices are higher than the price levels the respondents were willing to pay. In the peripheries of elevated stations, the market house prices are 33.55% higher, and those in the peripheries of underground stations are 14.82% higher than what the respondents were willing to pay.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities

Many metropolitan cities of Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit network and thus, are now at the threshold of whether they become transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. Promotion of Transit Oriented development (TOD) policies will be a key to move forward to transit cities. TOD should consider: transit oriented regional growth management plan, station area zoning regulations (mixed-use, minimum density, maximum parking, etc.), joint development among local governments, transit agencies, private developers, institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in station area development. In this paper, the cases from the cities in Japan, United States and the Southeast Asia are examined including Toyama in Japan, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Jakarta in Indonesia. In conclusion, the following are discussed as the factors for successful Implementation of TOD in Asian Cities. Shift from highway-based zoning to transit oriented zoning: Creation of institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in the station area development, balance between public benefit and private benefit, connection of transit service and affordable housing, and, multi-modal connection planning including walking.

세종시 도시스프롤 현상에 대한 연구

Urban sprawl occurred at the outskirts of downtown Sejong City and caused lots of urban problems. So Sejong City designated its surrounding areas as areas subject to “growth management plan” in an attempt to prevent reckless development and induce planned development. While urban sprawl in Sejong City reflects the aspect of the expansion of development areas arising from urban growth, some argue that it results from the balloon effect caused by land use regulations. This study empirically analyzes causes of urban sprawl in Sejong City in terms of urban growth and the balloon effect. The main conclusions are as follows: First, it was found that urban sprawl to the outskirts of Sejong City occurred due to land use regulations in its downtown. Second, the external spread of urban areas due to urban growth in Sejong City showed three patterns. It was found that building types by use varied depending on population growth by age group in relevant areas and population growth in the parent city. The above results provide policy implications that land use regulations in the surrounding areas as well as the downtown should be reviewed simultaneously in order to cope with urban sprawl of Sejong City.

Building and innovating upon McHarg’s ecological survey: the Texas case

Ian McHarg provided critical direction toward Texas’s urban settlement planning during the 1970s, an era of transformation and vision, in which he developed the Lake Austin Growth Management Plan and a plan for The Woodlands. Texas continues to undergo dramatic changes, with a projected doubling of population by 2050 and escalation of extreme weather events. In response, the University of Texas at Austin recently launched Planet Texas 2050 (PT2050), a decade-long grand challenge research program focused on developing knowledge and strategies needed to plan for resilience in the face of climate and population change. This article investigates the following research question: How does Planet Texas 2050 build and innovate upon McHarg’s ecological survey method for the purpose of planning a resilient Texas? I analyze McHarg’s ecological survey method and use the examples from The Woodlands and Planet Texas 2050 to explore the development of a socio-ecological survey. This investigation identifies several findings relevant for research and practice. It is possible that earlier and better integration of social data into The Woodlands’ ecological survey may have helped the planning team anticipate objections which influenced the abandonment of ecological planning for the second phase of The Woodlands’ development, resulting in a loss of ecosystem services. Almost 50 years later, Planet Texas 2050 has attempted to build a dynamic socio-ecological survey that integrates diverse socio-ecological data, co-produces socio-ecological knowledge with the public, and incorporates socio-ecological data from the past. Although PT2050 may fall short of its ambitious goal to ensure a resilient Texas by mid-century, growing system complexity and socio-ecological change ensure that surveys, such as McHarg’s ecological survey and Planet Texas 2050s socio-ecological survey, will remain a key component of future resilience planning.

Transit-Oriented Development Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities

Many metropolitan cities in Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit networks and thus are now on the threshold of becoming transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. The promotion of transit-oriented development (TOD) policies will be a key to the progression to transit cities. TOD should consider a transit-oriented regional growth management plan, station area zoning regulations (mixed-use, minimum density, maximum parking, etc.), joint development among local governments, transit agencies, and private developers, and an institutional mechanism for public and private cooperation in station area development. We examine cases from cities in Japan, the United States (US), and Southeast Asia, including Tokyo and Toyama in Japan, Denver in the US, and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. We conclude that the following are factors for the successful implementation of TOD in Asian cities: a shift from highway-based zoning to transit-oriented zoning; the creation of an institutional mechanism for public and private cooperation in station area development; a balance between public benefit and private benefit; the connection of transit services and affordable housing; and multi-modal connection planning, including walking.

The Effectiveness and Improvement Measures of the Growth Management Plan as Managing means of Non Built-up Areas

The Effectiveness and Improvement Measures of the Growth Management Plan as Managing means of Non Built-up Areas

Water in the city: Green open spaces, land use planning and flood management – An Australian case study

With increasing worldwide recognition of the influence of urban development on the hydrological functions of water, there is growing pressure for urban planning to play a greater role in water resources management. Planning for green open spaces in particular can play an important role, as they support important ecosystem services, including those that assist in flood management. It has been argued that interconnected and strategically planned networks of green open spaces should be planned for early in land use planning and design processes, with consideration of water-related ecosystem values and landscape functions in concert with land development, growth management and physical infrastructure planning. Although there is growing recognition of the importance of green open space planning for water sensitive cities and supportive planning measures, there are few analyses of the actual inclusion of this recognition in plans and strategies, or the presence of related actions and planning mechanisms. This paper addresses this gap by comparatively analysing the approaches taken to regional green open space planning in three Australian capital city-regions. Findings indicate the acknowledgement of relationships between flood regulation and green open space planning and various associated planning mechanisms. However, there is limited explicit integration of flood management and green open spaces planning, and significant on-ground barriers to enabling this integration to occur given the legacy of past planning decisions and the lack of information to support implementation. The paper concludes with recommendations for further research to assist planning for green open spaces as an ally to ecosystem services relating to flood management.

도시성장관리 지표설정에 관한 연구 -경기도 31개 시 군을 평가 대상으로-

본 연구는 크게 도시성장관리 지표개발과 적용으로 구분하였고, 전문가 면담조사를 바탕으로 AHP기법을 적용하여 지표별 가중치를 산정하였다. 산정된 가중치를 바탕으로 도시성장관리가 필요한 대표적인 지역인 경기지역을 대상으로 예시적 평가를 한 뒤, 도시성장관리방안 수립시 적용가능한 시사점을 제언 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약해보면, 도시성장관리 목표부문에서 '무질서한 도시확산 방지' 부문의 가중치가 가장 높았으며 다음으로 '납세자 보호', '효율적인 도시개발 유도', '삶의 질 향상)' 의 순이다. 이를 경기도 지역에 적용해 본 결과, '무질서한 도시확산 방지(11개 시 군)', '납세자 보호(11개 시 군)', '삶의 질 향상(5개 시 군)', '효율적인 도시개발 유도(4개 시 군)' 순으로 나타나, 가중치 산정 결과가 유의함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 균형잡힌 도시성장관리를 위해서는 삶의 질 향상 부문 및 효율적인 도시개발 유도 부문도 함께 고려되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 각 시 군별 예시적 평가점수 결과를 통해 향후 도시성장관리방안 수립 시 개선 방향에 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. At the point of growth management, weighted values for the each index have been calculated by applying AHP method based on the interview. With calculated weighted values, an example assessment had been performed on Gyunggi area, a typical place where urban growth management is needed urgently, and intended to provide applicable implications by analyzing them when establishing the means of the urban growth management plans. The result of this research is presented in order of the weight values highest to lowest as below: 'preventing disordered urban sprawl', 'protecting taxpayers', 'promoting efficient urban development' and 'improving the quality of life'. When applied to Gyunggi area, the results are in similar patterns: 'preventing disordered urban sprawl (11 cities)', 'protecting taxpayers (11 cities)', 'improving the quality of life (5 cities)' and 'promoting efficient urban development (4 cities)'. To build the well-balanced urban growth management plans, two factors must be in consideration as well as with others, 'Improving quality of the life' and 'promoting efficient urban development'. Furthermore, the result of the index in this research can provide a guidance to local governments of provinces and cities to build their urban growth management plans in the future.

An analysis of Northern Ireland farmers' experiences of using a target-driven beef heifer growth management plan and development of an empirical model leading to the launch of a decision support tool to promote first calving of beef heifers at 24 months

A decision-support tool that automatically selects an age-specific target weight for beef heifers and specifies the daily liveweight gain (DLWG) required to achieve this target weight within 3 months was developed as an aid for farmers to use to promote calving at 24 months of age in the Northern Ireland suckler herd. The ability of Northern Ireland beef producers to follow this target-driven growth management plan and calve heifers at 24 months of age was appraised in a study involving a total of 459 heifers of 10 breeds on six suckler farms. A unique growth curve was generated for each farm, with the aim of achieving 60% and 90% of the estimated mature weight of their cows at 14 months and 24 months respectively. Mature weight was estimated using the 6.7% truncated mean weight of mature cows on each farm. At intervals of 3 months, heifer weight, body condition score (BCS) and diet quality and quantity were assessed on each farm and a target weight for the next visit was specified, along with the DLWG required to achieve that target weight. Typically, heifers were significantly above their target weight prior to 9 months of age (P < 0.05), but farmers were able to manage heifers so as to keep them within ±5% of their individual growth targets after the age of 9 months. Heifer breed and season of birth did not influence adherence to target weight, while individual animal and farm of origin accounted for 51.3% and 24.7%, respectively, of the variation. Adherence to the target growth curve was not influenced by whether or not a heifer produced a live calf, nor by that calf's vitality, but it was associated with the heifer's calving temperament, calving difficulty and mothering ability. Heifers that met target weight between 22 and 24 months of age had significantly heavier calves than those that were below their target weight at this age (P < 0.05). The mean age at first calving was reduced by an average of 3.74 months across the six farms (P < 0.001) as a result of applying the growth management plan. Experiences of the producers have helped to shape the development of an on-line decision support tool and to promote its use. It is anticipated that this support tool will assist producers adopt target-driven growth monitoring for replacement beef heifers, resulting in a higher prevalence of optimal 24-month first calving in Northern Ireland.

Zayed Al Hussaini Group: the road ahead for the family business in the UAE

Subject area Corporate strategy and family business management. Study level/applicability The case is designed for usage in senior-level undergraduate courses of strategic management and managing family businesses. Case overview This case study relates the story of the launch and development of Zayed Al Hussaini Group, a family business in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The business had been established a year after the unionization of the different Emirates by the founder, Zayed Al Hussaini, in partnership with his brother. Following a series of strategic moves, such as acquisitions and divestures, and adverse family-related events, the Group was led solely by the founder himself. Over the years, Zayed Al Hussaini Group has grown to become a successful family business in various industries of its operation, but following the death of the founder's son, the company activities have been struck with chaos. Zayed's nephew, Ahmed, who had left the family business to continue his studies and work at McKinsey &amp; Company in London, has been called back home after eight years to take the lead of the entire Group. However, he is faced with several challenges, such as dealing with the family gap he has developed over time and balancing family and business priorities. Will Ahmed be able to make the right decisions in the role and responsibilities that have been bestowed upon him? Expected learning outcomes To analyse the process of launching a family business and making strategic decisions for managing its development over time. To assess the potential difficulties and challenges which are associated with managing a family-run organization. To evaluate the effectiveness of decisions with regards to the company's growth and succession management planning. To apply relevant theoretical concepts to the analysis of complex situations in the specific context of family businesses. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Jimmy Carter and Joe Frank Harris: creating growth management planning in Georgia, 1971–1989

Planning scholars have cited state growth management programmes as a critical outcome of the ‘quiet revolution’ in the regulation of land use in the United States, a phenomenon that Fred Bosselman and David Callies identified in 1971. Typically referring to a collection of state-level laws that provide support for planning, mandate local land-use plans, require coordination among adjacent jurisdictions, and enhance protections for fragile natural resources, the academic understanding of growth management has tended to be based on the experiences of a few environmentally ‘progressive’ states. The US state of Georgia has rarely been lauded for its efforts to regulate development. Yet in 1989, the state enacted a law that instituted new tools to improve coordination between local governments and the state, but stopped short of mandating local land-use planning. Like policies in other states, Georgia's growth management scheme was designed to strengthen state control over the local planning process. Unlike other states, Georgia's system did little to determine the location of that growth. This paper provides a detailed account of the political process by which an idea for reigning in ‘abusive’ land development hatched by Governor Jimmy Carter in the course of a government reform movement in the early 1970s was repurposed by Governor Joe Frank Harris in the 1980s to support urban sprawl.

The Determinants of Stringency of Local Land Use Regulation in Florida

Growth management is a policy tool to limit unorganized urban growth and to preserve environmentally sensitive lands, high quality agricultural and conserve the urban natural environment. The state of Florida has adopted a comprehensive state growth management legislation to prepare growth management plans for guiding local development. However, the degree of land use regulation in relation to the growth management policy is different for each local government. This study raises a research question about why the difference of restrictiveness of land use regulation exists among the local government in the same state. One might assume that this is a result of discretionary power in a local government. However, it cannot be enough of a reason. Therefore, this study will investigate the factors that influence the restrictiveness of local land use regulation by regressing independent variables in the category of three main variables and a dependent variable. By analyzing with an ordinal logit model, the form of government, population, the population increase and the property tax are the variables that influence the degree of more stringent land use regulation in counties. Moreover, the marginal effects after the ordered login analysis of land use regulation shows interest group variables that indicates a clear pattern to influence the choice of stringent land use regulations of the counties. This study supports the argument that social and economic attributes are important in growth management. Furthermore, it provides an important policy implication that the full understanding of land use policy at the local level should be accompanied with variations of local entities in terms of social, economic, and physical environments in order to deliver appropriate growth management.

Green around the gills? The challenge of density for urban greenspace planning in SEQ

Australian cities exhibit a quality of life arguably among the best in the world, but rapidly expanding populations may soon threaten this status. The burgeoning conurbation of South East Queensland (SEQ) is an example. Recent growth management policies and plans (e.g. South East Queensland Regional Plan and local authority growth management strategies) have sought to curtail urban sprawl through urban footprints, growth management boundaries, urban consolidation, and other measures. The ‘density imperative’ presented by these collective urban policies affects the sourcing, provision and management of open space in inner-city locales in SEQ which may soon run out of land for parks and urban greenspace. This paper presents results from recent research into the environmental equity dimensions of providing urban greenspace in SEQ. Critiquing the long-entrenched parks-standards approach, the paper offers a ‘needs-based’ alternative, and considers its utility for SEQ and other fast-growing Australian urban areas. Questioning orthodox planning perspectives about who lives in higher density areas, we argue that local and state governments should look towards a variety of new types of green and open space to meet the needs of existing and future residents living in denser built environments.