Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities

Abstract

Many metropolitan cities of Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit network and thus, are now at the threshold of whether they become transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. Promotion of Transit Oriented development (TOD) policies will be a key to move forward to transit cities. TOD should consider: transit oriented regional growth management plan, station area zoning regulations (mixed-use, minimum density, maximum parking, etc.), joint development among local governments, transit agencies, private developers, institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in station area development. In this paper, the cases from the cities in Japan, United States and the Southeast Asia are examined including Toyama in Japan, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Jakarta in Indonesia. In conclusion, the following are discussed as the factors for successful Implementation of TOD in Asian Cities. Shift from highway-based zoning to transit oriented zoning: Creation of institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in the station area development, balance between public benefit and private benefit, connection of transit service and affordable housing, and, multi-modal connection planning including walking.