Transit Oriented Development (TOD) Policies and Station Area Development in Asian Cities

Tetsuo Kidokoro

doi:10.1088/1755-1315/532/1/012001

Abstract

Many metropolitan cities of Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit network and thus, are now at the threshold of whether they become transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. Promotion of Transit Oriented development (TOD) policies will be a key to move forward to transit cities. TOD should consider: transit oriented regional growth management plan, station area zoning regulations (mixed-use, minimum density, maximum parking, etc.), joint development among local governments, transit agencies, private developers, institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in station area development. In this paper, the cases from the cities in Japan, United States and the Southeast Asia are examined including Toyama in Japan, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia and Jakarta in Indonesia. In conclusion, the following are discussed as the factors for successful Implementation of TOD in Asian Cities. Shift from highway-based zoning to transit oriented zoning: Creation of institutional mechanism for the public and private cooperation in the station area development, balance between public benefit and private benefit, connection of transit service and affordable housing, and, multi-modal connection planning including walking.

Highlights

Many metropolitan cities in Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit networks and are on the threshold of becoming transit cities or car traffic saturation cities
To examine the possible paths to transform the pattern of urban development from automobile oriented to transit oriented, this paper firstly overviews the characteristics of urbanization in Asian cities in conjunction with transit-oriented development (TOD) policies
Among the Southeast Asian cities, Kuala Lumpur is extensively promoting TOD policies, in particular transit-oriented zoning. It has designated the areas surrounding mass transit stations as transit planning zones with additional floor area ratio (FAR) and stipulated (a) that land use activities should be transit supportive; (b) that mixed-use activities are encouraged within the transit planning zone (TPZ) with street-level activities to promote vibrancy and safety; (c) higher-intensity development to support the transit system; and (d) good urban design that prioritizes pedestrians (Figure 6)

Summary

INTRODUCTION

Many metropolitan cities in Asia are planning and implementing extensive investment in mass transit networks and are on the threshold of becoming transit cities or car traffic saturation cities. To examine the possible paths to transform the pattern of urban development from automobile oriented to transit oriented, this paper firstly overviews the characteristics of urbanization in Asian cities in conjunction with TOD policies. It examines cases from cities in Japan, the United States, and Southeast Asia, including Kanazawa Toyama and Tokyo in Japan, Denver and Portland in the US, and Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia. It discusses the lessons regarding the application of TOD policies

CHARACTERISTICS OF ASIAN URBANIZATION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR TOD

CASE STUDIES

Findings

CONCLUSION