Growth Of Mustard Research Articles

Growth, Yield Attributes, Yield and Economics of Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) as Affected by Different Varieties and Spacing

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Rohtas, (Bihar) during the Rabi season of 2022-2023 to access the effect of different varieties and spacing on growth and yield of mustard. Treatment consisted of three varieties RH- 404, DRMR-1165-40 and NRCM-101 and three spacing viz. 30×10 cm, 40×10 cm and 50×10 cm. Present Experiment was conducted under randomized block design with three replications. The result of experiment showed that growth viz, plant height and dry weight and yield attributes viz., number of seeds/siliqua, biological yield (Kg/ha) and economics viz., cost of cultivation (Rs/ha), gross return (Rs/ha), net return (Rs/ha) and B:C ratio and yield were significantly affected due to different varieties and spacing. The maximum plant height (165.72 cm), dry weight (35.32 g/plant), number of seeds/siliqua (15.97), gross return (124623.3 Rs/ha), net return (74004.5 Rs/ha) and B:C ratio of (1.48) was found in treatment combination of NRCM-101 + 40 cm × 10 cm. However treatment combination of DRMR-1165-40 + 30 cm × 10 cm recorded maximum biological yield (6665.37 kg/ha).

Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) Influenced by Different Varieties and Spacing

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Farm, Narayan Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gopal Narayan Singh University, Jamuhar, Sasaram, Rohtas, (Bihar) during the rabi (winter) season of 2022-2023 to access the effect of different varieties and spacing on growth and yield of mustard. Treatment consisted of three varieties RH- 404, DRMR-1165-40 and NRCM-101 and three spacing viz. 30×10 cm, 40×10 cm and 50×10 cm. Experiment was conducted under randomized block design with three replications. The result showed that growth viz. plant height, dry weight and yield attributes viz, number of siliqua/plant, length of siliqua (cm), test weight, grain yield (kg/ha) and harvest index (%) and yield were significantly affected due to different treatment combination. The maximum plant height (179.60 cm), dry weight (38.49 g/plant) at harvest, number of siliqua (395.33/plant), length of siliqua (6.54 cm), test weight (6.50 g), grain yield (2286.67 Kg/ha) and harvest index (34.80 %) was recorded in treatment combination of NRCM-101 + 40 cm × 10 cm.

Effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur Levels on Growth Attributes and Yield of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss] in Vindhya Plateau Region of Madhya Pradesh, India

In the Rabi season of 2022, a field experiment was conducted in the Vindhya plateau region of Madhya Pradesh at the agricultural field of SAGE University Bhopal. The objective was to investigate the impact of nitrogen and sulfur nutrition on the growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The experimental soil, characterized as sandy loam with a slightly alkaline pH, exhibited good drainage. Despite having a moderate amount of available phosphorus and potassium, the soil had low levels of organic carbon and nitrogen, with a low electrical conductivity of 1.65 dS/m (1:2, soil: water).
 The experiment comprised 27 nitrogen and sulfur treatment combinations in a split-plot design with three replications. The treatments included three nitrogen levels (100, 120, and 140 kg ha-1) and three sulfur levels (20, 40, and 60 kg ha-1). The mustard variety Giriraj was cultivated, and the study focused on evaluating the effects of these treatments on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake.
 Results indicated that various mustard crop attributes, such as plant height, number of green leaves-1, branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1, seeds siliqua-1, and 1000 seed weight, as well as yields (biological, seed, and oil yield), exhibited significant increases with rising nitrogen levels from 100 kg N ha-1 to 140 kg N ha-1. Similarly, applying 60 kg S ha-1 resulted in maximum plant height, number of green leaves, dry matter production, oil yield, and the highest net returns among sulfur levels.
 The combination of 140 kg N ha-1 and 60 kg S ha-1 proved to be cost-effective, leading to increased yields, net returns, and a higher B:C ratio compared to other nitrogen and sulfur levels. Therefore, this study recommends the application of 60 kg S ha-1 and 140 kg N ha-1 for enhancing mustard crop yields, net returns, and the benefit-cost ratio.

Optimization of Chemical Fertilizer through Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Approach and its Effect on Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment to test the optimization of chemical fertilizer use through Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) approach and its effect on growth and yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) was carried out at Rampur agricultural field of Doon (P.G) College of Agriculture Science and Technology, Selaqui, Dehradun, Uttarakhand during the rabi season 2021-2022. The experiment comprised of nine treatments of organic and inorganic nutrient combination, viz T1- Control (No Fertilizer), T2- Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) (80:60:40 kg/ha), T3- 100 % vermicompost (6.0 t/ha), T4- 75% Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (15.0 t/ha) + 25% RDF (20:15:10 kg/ha), T5- 50% RDF (40:30:20 kg/ha) + FYM (5.0 t/ha) + green manure (2.5 t/ha) + gypsum (10.0 kg/ha), T6-50% RDF (40:30:20 kg/ha) + vermicompost (3.0 t/ha)+ gypsum (5.0 kg/ha), T7- 75% RDF (60:45:30 kg/ha) + vermicompost (2.5 t/ha), T8- 75% RDF (60:45:30 kg/ha) + vermicompost (1.5 t/ha) + green manure (1.5 t/ha), T9- 75% RDF (60:45:30 kg/ha) + FYM (1.5 t/ha) + vermicompost (1.0 t/ha) + green manure (1 t/ha) + gypsum (10.0 kg/ha), laid out in randomized block design with three replication. The results of experiment revealed that there was increase in plant growth parameters in the treatment T9, followed by treatment T8 and T5, respectively. Moreover, the maximum seed yield (2240.39 kg/ha) was observed under T9 over control, where no fertilizer application was applied. The present investigation established the fact that integrated use both organic and inorganic fertilizer can be recommended to the farmers as one of the key strategies for enhancing crop response in terms of growth and yield of mustard.

Features of phonological phases of growth and development of white and black mustard depending on varietal characteristics and growing conditions

Features of phonological phases of growth and development of white and black mustard depending on varietal characteristics and growing conditions

Effect of potassium and boron on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Effect of potassium and boron on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Efficient sensitization of rare-earth-free Mn4+-activated antimonate phosphor: enabling intense far-red emission for agricultural lighting

Efficient Mn4+-activated antimonate phosphor for agri-lighting, boosts mustard growth & germination.

Enhancing Growth, Yield, and Physio-Chemical Properties of Mustard (Brassica Napus L) Through Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers Under Salinity Condition in Satkhira, Bangladesh

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on growth, yield, and physio-chemical properties of mustard (Brassica napus L) during the Rabi season 2021-2022 at the experimental field of BINA (Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture) substation farm, Satkhira, Bangladesh. The experiment had 10 treatments viz. T1 = 100% RDF (Recommended Dose Fertilizer), T2 = 75% RDF + 3 ton ha-1 vermicompost, T3 = 50% RDF + 5 ton ha-1 vermicompost, T4 = 75% RDF + 3 ton ha-1 cow-dung, T5 = 50% RDF + 5 ton ha-1 cow-dung, T6 = control, T7 = 3 ton ha-1 cow-dung, T8 = 5 ton ha-1 cow-dung, T9 = 3 ton ha-1 vermicompost, T10 = 5 ton ha-1 vermicompost with three (3) replications in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The combined effect of treatments varied significantly for most of the characters studies. The results revealed that the maximum plant height (cm), No. of primary branches plant-1, no. of secondary branches plant-1, total siliqua plant-1, siliqua length (cm), seeds siliqua-1, seeds plant-1, and yield plot-1 were recorded with the application of 75% RDF + 3 ton ha-1 vermicompost which was significant over control. The combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers was found significant in the growth, yield, and physio-chemical properties of mustard cultivation. SAARC J. Agric., 21(2): 169-182 (2023)

PENGARUH KOMBINASI MEDIA TANAM ORGANIK DAN NILAI EC LARUTAN NUTRISI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) VARIETAS PAGODA PADA HIDROPONIK SISTEM WICK

Broadbeaked Mustard (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) or better known by other names Ta Ke Chai and Tatsoi is a type of mustard is still relatively rare in the market even though some farmers have started cultivating it, its production and distribution are not as much as other types of mustard greens, and has a relatively higher selling price than the selling price of other mustard greens. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a combination of organic growing media and EC value of the nutrient on the growth and yield of Pagoda mustard in a hydroponic wick system. The study used a single factor randomized block design with 12 treatments, namely A (rockwool + EC 1.5-1), B (rockwool + EC 2.5-1), C (rockwool + EC 3.5-1), D (charcoal husk + EC 1.5-1), E (husk charcoal + EC 2.5-1), F (husk charcoal + EC 3.5-1), G (cocopeat + EC 1.5-1), H ( cocopeat + EC 2.5-1), I (cocopeat + EC 3.5-1), J (sawdust + EC 1.5-1), K (sawdust + EC 2.5-1), L ( sawdust + EC 3.5-1) with repeated 3 times. The results showed that the combination of organic growing media and EC value of the nutrient significantly affected the parameters of plant height, leaf number, root length, fresh weight, marketable weight, and leaf area of ​​Broadbeaked mustard (Brassica narinosa L.H. Bailey) pagoda variety in hydroponic wick system. Treatment I (cocopeat + EC 3.5-1 gave the highest yield on an average fresh weight of 187.08 g, a marketable weight of 141.08 g.

Targeted yield approach based site specific nutrient management in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes

A field experiment was conducted at MARS, University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka during rabi season 2022-23 on Vertisols to evaluate the suitability of site specific nutrient management on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes through targeted yield approach for fertilizer recommendations. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design, horizontal strips with four genotypes viz., TDM-304-1, TDM-304-1, TDM- 304-1 and NRCHB-101 and vertical strips with three targeted yield levels viz., 15, 20 and 25 q ha-1. Genotype TDM-305- 1 recorded significantly higher seed yield (1622 kg ha-1) over other genotypes. SSNM based fertilizer application for 20 q ha-1targeted yield recorded significantly higher seed yield (1633 kg ha-1) over 15 and 20 q ha-1. In interaction, genotype TDM-305-1 with a target yield level of 20 q ha-1 recorded higher seed yield (1789 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the treatment combinations. The better yield response of improved genotype TDM-305-1 at 20 q ha-1 yield target recoded significantly higher net returns (`49463 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.59). From the present investigation, it was found that genotype TDM-305-1 at 20 q ha-1 yield target recorded significantly higher nutrient uptake of NPK & S and the oil content (39.4%) and oil yield (702.2 kg ha-1).

Nitrogen dose and placement in conservation agriculture for augmenting cropgrowth, productivity and profitability of Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i>)

Optimization of nitrogen (N) fertilization is vital for minimizing losses and realizing the yield potential of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.] under different tillage and residue management options. Hence, a field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of nitrogen placement methods under conservation agriculture (CA) for augmenting crop growth, productivity and profitability of Indian mustard. Experiment consisted a split-plot design with three crop establishment practices (CEP) [ZT-R, Zero tillage without residue retention; ZT+R, Zero tillage with residue; CT, Conventional tillage] in main-plots and nitrogen placement methods (NPM) [control (no N); recommended dose of N (RDN)-conventional; RDN-SSB (subsurface band placement of second N split along the crop rows); 80% RDN-SSB] in sub-plots. The ZT+R enhanced crop growth rate by 6.0–36.1% over CT at various crop stages. The ZT+R reported higher soil moisture by 9–20.7% over CT and ZT-R. Significantly superior seed yield (14.3–28.5%), net return (20.5–53.9%) and benefit cost ratio (21.8–79.0%) was obtained with ZT+R over ZT-R and CT while RDN-SSB recorded 7.3–9.1% higher seed yield over other treatments. Statistically at par results were obtained under RDN-conventional and 80% RDN-SSB for yield attributing characters and seed yield delineating that a saving of 20% N in mustard production is possible without compromising yield and this can reduce environmental footprint as well. Therefore, this study concluded that the residue retention under ZT along with subsurface N placement in mustard crop gives better vegetative growth, yield attributes and yield with a potential to save 20% N and can be opted in semi-arid Indo-Gangetic plains and similar agro-ecologies.

Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of mustard (Brassica Juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2020- 2021 at Experimental Farm, Agronomy, Oilseeds Research Station with objectives of to study the influence of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield and quality of mustard. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 8 treatments each with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated that combined application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) observed significantly maximum growth parameters, dry matter, yield attributes and yield. The application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) recorded the significantly highest oil content. The application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3) obtained maximum net returns. Highest B:C ratio was obtained with the application of RDF + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha (T3).

Effect of Palm Oil Mill Solid Waste and Bioneensis Biofertilizer on Carbon Organic, P-Available, and Mustard Growth in Ultisol Soil

Effect of Palm Oil Mill Solid Waste and Bioneensis Biofertilizer on Carbon Organic, P-Available, and Mustard Growth in Ultisol Soil

Growth of Mustard under Open Field Conditions with Salicylic Acid and Antimicrobial Thiourea

Mustard plants were subjected to varying doses of thiourea (TU) and salicylic acid (SA) to assess their response as growth regulators. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that the growth regulator SA can enhance the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus by up-regulating morphological traits in these plants. The experimental design involved sowing mustard seeds under natural environmental conditions in a field setting. Upon reaching the 15-day growth stage, the plants were subjected to different TU and SA treatment levels for 3 days. Subsequently, they were allowed to continue growing for 90 days. Various morphological traits were meticulously evaluated in the standing mustard plants. Following the application of SA and TU, noticeable improvements were observed in the number of nodes, primary branches, leaf area, and intermodal length of the plants. The data suggested that the morphological traits in the mustard plants were up-regulated by applying SA and TU. Furthermore, after using these substances, a detailed analysis of the alterations in functional groups within the leaves was conducted.. KEYWORDS :Brassica juncea, Growth regulators, Morphology, Salicylic acid, Thiourea

Effect of Moisture Conservation Practices on, Yield Attributes, Yield and Quality of Indian Mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern&Coss

A field experiment was carried out during two consecutive years (2016-17 and 2017-18) at Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramodaya Vishwavidyala, Chitrakoot, Satna,(M.P.). Indiato evaluate the effect of moisture conservation practices on growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard under rainfed condition. Treatment consisted four moisture conservation practices i.e. no irrigation, life saving irrigation, straw mulch (Paddy straw @ 4t/ha) and kaolin 5 % spray. Result revealed that on pooled basis the tallest plant of 195 cm was recorded under life saving irrigation but number of branches (6.82) and dry weight per plant (39.8 cm) were significantly maximum in straw mulch treatment. The yield attributes such as siliqua per plant (298.5), seeds/siliqua (15.9), siliqua length (3.97 cm), seed weight per plant (17.06 g) and 1000- seed weight (5.57 g) were significantly superior under straw mulch followed by life saving irrigation. Significantly highest seed yield (2558 kg/ha), oil content (42.0 %) and protein content (20.5%) were obtained under straw mulch treatment while numerical enhancement was observed in life saving irrigation and kaolin 5% spray over no irrigation.

Effect of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on growth and development of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

A field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2019–20 and 2020–21 at Agronomy Farm, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat to assess the influence of irrigation scheduling and nitrogen management on crop growth and development of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern]. The experiment was planned using split-plot design where treatments replicated thrice. The main plots were allotted with 3 irrigation levels, viz. irrigation at 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I1), irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I2) and irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I3) and in sub-plots 5 nitrogen management treatments, viz. 100% RDN through chemical fertilizer (N1); 100% RDN through vermicompost (N2); 75% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 25% RDN through vermicompost (N3); 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost (N4) and 25% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost + Bio NPK Consortium @1.0 litre/ha (N5) were practised. The results showed that, growth traits of mustard, viz. height of plant, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rates, leaf area and leaf area index were significantly enhanced by scheduling irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and application of 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost among nitrogen management treatments. Hence, mustard growth and development can be significantly improved by application of irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and 50% RDN through chemical fertilizer + 50% RDN through vermicompost.

Examining the Impact of Integrated Nutrient Management and Vermicompost on Mustard Growth and Nutrient Composition

This study examines the impact of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) on the growth attributes and nutrient composition of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.), a vital rabi season oilseed crop in India. Nine different treatment combinations were evaluated in a Randomized Block Design at Agronomy Research Farm. The treatments included various combinations of chemical fertilizers, vermicompost, sulfur, and zinc. The results indicate that the application of INM significantly influenced various growth parameters, including plant height and dry matter accumulation. Treatment T4 (75% RDF +Vermicompost@ 4t ha-1 + S @ 20kg ha-1) demonstrated the highest plant height and dry matter accumulation at different stages of growth. Additionally, seed yield, stover yield, and biological yield were positively impacted by INM, with T4 exhibiting the highest seed yield. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of INM in enhancing the overall quality of Indian mustard. The application of these nutrient management practices not only led to increased seed yield but also improved the nutrient composition of the crop. The findings underscore the potential of INM as a sustainable approach to optimize crop productivity and improve food security in India. Overall, this research provides valuable insights for farmers, agricultural practitioners, and policymakers, offering a promising strategy for enhancing oilseed production and contributing to the agricultural economy of India. The positive outcomes of this study support the adoption of INM practices to ensure sustainable and productive mustard cultivation in the region.

Synergistic action of Pseudomonas fluorescens with melatonin attenuates salt toxicity in mustard by regulating antioxidant system and flavonoid profile

AbstractSalt stress is an alarming abiotic stress that reduces mustard growth and yield. To attenuate salt toxicity effects, plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers a sustainable approach. Among the various PGPR, Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens NAIMCC‐B‐00340) was chosen for its salt tolerance (at 100 mM NaCl) and for exhibiting various growth‐promoting activities. Notably, P. fluorescens can produce auxin, which plays a role in melatonin (MT) synthesis. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule that acts as an antioxidant to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in stress reduction. Owing to the individual role of PGPR and MT in salt tolerance, and their casual nexus, their domino effect was investigated in Indian mustard under salt stress. The synergistic action of P. fluorescens and MT under salt stress conditions was found to enhance the activity of antioxidative enzymes and proline content as well as promote the production of secondary metabolites. This led to reduced oxidative stress following effective ROS scavenging, maintained photosynthesis, and improved growth. In mustard plants treated with MT and P. fluorescens under salt stress, eight flavonoids showed significant increase. Kaempferol and cyanidin showed the highest concentrations and are reported to act as antioxidants with protective functions under stress. Thus, we can anticipate that strategies involved in their enhancement could provide a better adaptive solution to salt toxicity in mustard plants.In conclusion, the combination of P. fluorescens and MT affected antioxidant metabolism and flavonoid profile that could be used to mitigate salt‐induced stress and bolster plant resilience.

Development of Fast Method to Upscaling Microbial Inoculums on Two Seedling Testplants

We investigated the effect of different microbial species on the germination and growth of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), tested for two weeks. The experiment was carried out in a cell tray, filled with sandy soil:compost (9:1) mixture. The following microorganisms were used as treatment: Enterobacter ludwigii, Bacillus megaterium, B. subtilis, Kosakonia cowanii, Pseudomonas fluorescens Hx1 bacteria and Trichorderma harzianum T-22 microscopic fungi. After two weeks, we assessed the number of germinated mustard seeds, the wet and dry weight of the mustard, the length of the mustard, the wet and dry weight and the length of the ryegrass. We measured the enzyme activity of the fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis analysis (FDA) of the soils and calculated the correlation of FDA with the parameters, tested on seedling-plants. FDA generally was positively correlated, however, the above findings could not be verified statistically. The simple and relatively fast method can be suitable for the cost-effective pre-testing of different microbes and for the pre-selection of strains that can be used in further field tests.

Growth and Yield Attributes of Mustard as Influenced by Mustard – Based Vegetable Intercropping Systems

The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, from November, 2022 to March, 2023 to identify the best intercropping system in mustard intercropped with different root vegetable crops. The treatments include, T1: Mustard sole crop; T2: Radish sole crop; T3: Beetroot sole crop; T4: Carrot sole crop; T5: Potato sole crop; T6: Mustard + Radish (2:2); T7: Mustard + Beetroot (2:2); T8: Mustard + Carrot (2:2); T9: Mustard + Potato (2:2); T10: Mustard + Radish (3:3); T11: Mustard + Beetroot (3:3) ;T12: Mustard + Carrot (3:3); T13: Mustard + Potato (3:3). Results indicated that, mustard sole crop performed significantly better in terms of growth and yield parameters. However, among the intercropping systems, mustard + radish showed higher plant height (179 and 174 cm), significantly higher plant drymatter accumulation (2478, 2456 kg/ha), number of siliqua (1689 and 1675), grain yield (972 and 950 kg/ha) and stalk yield (2267 and 2242 kg/ha) in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions, respectively. Moreover, all the root vegetable crops, namely radish, beetroot, carrot and potato, showed better results in terms of growth and yield parameters as sole crops compared to when grown in intercropping systems. Considering the row proportions the performance was better in 3:3 than 2:2 but not statistically significant. The study concludes that, mustard +radish in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions can be a better intercropping system for Telangana.