Growth Of Mustard Research Articles

Effect of cultivars and dates of transplanting on growth and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Northern Telangana Zone (NTZ)

Effect of cultivars and dates of transplanting on growth and productivity of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Northern Telangana Zone (NTZ)

Improving the enrichment of Cd and Zn in leaf mustard (Brassica juncea) by using metal-activating probiotics

Microbial-assisted phytoremediation is of great significance for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals (HMs). Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that can improve soil structure and fertility and promote plant growth. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two kinds of probiotics, including Lactobacillus casei (L) and Bacillus licheniformis (B), on activating the remediation potentiality of leaf mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czerniak.] for mining soil contaminated by Cd and Zn. The results showed that addition of two probiotics significantly reduced soil pH (with 0.05–0.32 units) and improved the available contents of soil HMs (16.0%–59.9% for Cd and 7.1%–23.9% for Zn) in the indoor-incubation experiment. After probiotic treatments, available Cd and Zn in potting soil treated with 1×109 cfu mL-1 of B were 1.65-fold and 1.66-fold of the control, respectively. Meanwhile, soil alkaline phosphatase, urease and sucrose activities were increased, indicating that soil microbial metabolic activities were also motivated. Addition of L and B significantly improved the biomass and chlorophyll contents of leaf mustard. The contents of Cd, Zn in shoot and root were significantly increased with 1×105 cfu mL-1 of L treatment (shoot: 75.2%, 71.9%; root: 36.8%, 61.2%). Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased or inhibited, indicating that the resistance of plants to HMs was enhanced. These results indicated that two kinds of probiotics could improve the activities of Cd and Zn directly in mining soil and promote the growth of leaf mustard, thus increasing the efficiency of phytoremediation for HMs. The study provides a reference value for probiotic-assisted phytoremediation of soil contaminated with HMs.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Produksi Sawi Samhong (Brassica juncea L.)

In mustard cultivtion, the right combination of the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer given through the leaves and the frequency of application are factors that can optimize growth and yield. This research aimed to test the effectiveness of the concentration and frequency of NASA liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Samhong mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The research was carried out in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pattimura University, Ambon. This research was conducted as an experiment using a Randomized Block Design with 2 factors. The first factor was the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely: concentration of 0 mL/L of water (without giving POC); 4 mL/L of water; 8 mL/ mL/L of water; and 12 mL/L of water. The second factor was the frequency of fertilizer application which consists of 3 levels, namely 6 times, 3 times and 2 times of application. There were 12 treatment combinations, with 3 replications, so there were 36 experimental units. The research results showed that the concentration of NASA liquid organic fertilizer had a very significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight. A concentration of 8 mL/L of water was the best concentration for plant fresh weight, namely 323.89 g. For the treatment of frequency of application, there was a very significant effect on the number of leaves, leaf area, plant fresh weight, plant dry weight and root dry weight, with a frequency of 3 applications being the best frequency for the growth and yield of Samhong mustard greens. The interaction between NASA liquid organic fertilizer concentration and application frequency did not significantly effect all observed variables.

Integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in central alluvial tract of Uttar Pradesh

Integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in central alluvial tract of Uttar Pradesh

Studying the impact of sulphur and zinc levels on the growth, yield, and quality of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea L).

Studying the impact of sulphur and zinc levels on the growth, yield, and quality of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea L).

Utilization Of GA3 Plant Growth With Goat Manure To Improving The Growth And Yield Of Mustroll (Brassica juncea L.)

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a popular type of vegetable. This research aims to investigate the effect of ZPT GA3 and goat manure fertilizer on the growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.). This research was conducted in Aek Nabara, specifically Pondok Sentosa. The research was arranged based on a two-factor Randomized Group Design (RAK) with factor A being goat manure fertilizer, namely K0 = Control, K1 = 150g / polybag, and K2 = 300g / polybag. While factor B is ZPT GA3 which consists of G0 = Control, G1 = 2ml/L water, and G2 = 4ml/L water. The results showed that the highest growth of mustard plants at the age of 2 weeks after planting was obtained in the K2G2 treatment (6.5 cm) while the lowest was in the K1G0 treatment (4.9 cm) and at the age of 4 weeks after planting, the highest growth was obtained in the K0G0 treatment (14.83 cm) while the lowest was in the K1G1 treatment (10 cm). The highest number of leaves of mustard plants at the age of 2 weeks after planting was obtained in the K1G0 treatment (7 strands) while the lowest was in the K1G1 treatment (5 strands) and at the age of 4 weeks after planting, the highest growth was obtained in the K2G1 treatment (10.67 strands) while the lowest was in the K1G1 treatment (8 strands). The highest wet weight of mustard plants was obtained in the K2G1 treatment (83 g) while the lowest was in the K0G0 treatment (62.67 g).

Microgreen vegetables’ production can be optimized by combining the substrate and nutrient solution in a PFAL

Microgreen vegetables are nowadays a popular crop mainly produced hydroponically in controlled environments. In soilless culture, plants are produced using inert substrates with various properties. Besides, all the macronutrients and trace elements necessary for plant growth and development are provided in the form of a nutrient solution. It is possible to achieve similar yield and product quality of microgreens by using different substrates and reducing the input of nutrients. Our aim was to test the effect of three substrates (peat, coco coir, and cannabis mat) and three nutrient solution strengths (0, 50, and 100 %; NS0, NS50, and NS100) on the growth and quality of mustard, radish, and pea grown as microgreens in a plant factory with artificial lighting. As a general rule, cannabis mat and/or NS0 led to considerably decelerated growth of all microgreens. The antioxidant content including the amount of phenolics showed opposite trends compared to the yield of each microgreen. The hydroponic substrate showed species or variety dependency, especially in the phytochemical compounds. To conclude, treatments including NS100, as well as NS50 with peat showed promising results for high yield, relatively high nutritional value, while also saving the most from the use of fertilizers during microgreen vegetable production.

Determining the effect of Nitrogen and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

The experiment was carried out entitled “effect of interaction between nitrogen and sulphur on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica juncea L.)” at the Agronomy Research Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.), India, during Rabi (winter) season of 2021-22. The experiments were conducted in Factorial randomized block design which comprised of 25 treatment combinations in which five levels of Nitrogen (0,40,80,120 and 160 kg N ha-1) and five levels of sulphur (0,25,35,45 and 55 kg S ha-1). The experiments were laid out in the two factors RCBD with three replications, The plant height, number of branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation, seed and stover yield increased with increasing N level of 160 kg N ha-1 which was at par with 120 kg N ha-1 and while significantly superior over rest of the levels of nitrogen. On the other hand, with increasing S levels plant height, increased significantly up to 55 kg S ha-1. However, the number of branches plant-1 and seed yield and shoot yield increased up to the highest dose of S (55 kg S ha-1). Considering the combined effect of N and S, the treatment combination (120 kg n ha-1 and 45 kg S ha-1) produced the maximum seed yield (21.32 q ha-1).

Influence of Sulphur and Micronutrients on growth and yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2023-2024 at Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences SHUATS, Prayagraj on effect of sulphur and micronutrient on growth and yield of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with ten treatments combination such as Sulphur 10ppm + Mg 30 kg/ha, Sulphur 10ppm + B 5 kg/ha, Sulphur 10ppm + Ca 5 kg/ha, Sulphur 15ppm + Mg 30 kg/ha, Sulphur 15ppm + B 5 kg/ha, Sulphur 15ppm + Ca 5 kg/ha, Sulphur 20ppm + Mg 30 kg/ha, Sulphur 20ppm + B 5 kg/ha, Sulphur 20ppm + Ca 5 kg/ha and Control (RDF) 80:40:40 kg/ha (NPK)in randomized block design with three replications. Application of Sulphur 20ppm + B 5 kg/ha (Treatment 8) recorded maximum plant height (214.20), dry weight (g) per plant (31.61), Seed yield (t/ ha) (2.69) and stover yield (t/ha) (4.33).

Effect of sulphur, zinc and boron on growth and yield of mustard

Effect of sulphur, zinc and boron on growth and yield of mustard

Study of integrated weed management practices on growth, yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Study of integrated weed management practices on growth, yield and economics of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Sulphur oxidizing bacteria to boost up mustard (Brassica juncea l.) growth and biomass yield

The study aimed to find out the most efficient sulphur oxidizing bacteria (SOB), isolation was attempted from soil, water and biogas slurry samples of AAU, Anand and main rice research station, Nawagam, wherein total 25 isolates were obtained on thiosulphate agar. Further, three most efficient isolates; SOB1, SOB2 and SOB3 were selected on the basis of lowering pH from 8 to 5 in thiosulphate broth and sulphate production (1.13 to 1.76 mM) ability. They were culturally and morphologically characterized. The 3 strains; SOB1, SOB2 and SOB3 were identified as Bacillus tropicus AAUSOB1 (ACCN ON127698), Beijerinckia fluminensis AAUSOB2 (ACCN ON127700) and Klebsiella variicola AAUSOB3 (ACCN ON127847), respectively. All the three cultures were mutually compatible with each other in cross streak assay and a consortium was prepared combining each culture in equal proportion. Inoculation of SOB alone and/or their consortium @ 5 ml kg-1 seed, in presence of either elemental or bentonite sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 , increased plant growth and biomass yield of mustard as compared to their respective controls.

Influence of irrigation scheduling and hydrogel application on growth and yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)

A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) season of 2013–14 at Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, to study the effect of irrigation scheduling and hydrogel levels on growth, yield attributes, yield, quality, net returns and water- use efficiency (WUE) of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson]. Growth parameters, yield attributes, seed yield, WUE and net returns were influenced with the application of irrigation and hydrogel. Yield attributes as well as yield were higher under irrigated conditions. All these parameters were observed higher with application of hydrogel at 5 kg/ha.

Comparative role of charcoal, biochar, hydrochar and modified biochar on bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s and machine learning regression analysis in alkaline polluted soil

Pot experiment was performed aimed to assess the comparative role of charcoal, biochar, hydrochar and thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 1 and 2 % doses, and <1 mm particle size on the bioavailability of Cd, Pb, As, Ni, Cu and Zn, and enhance NPK, and mustard growth in a slightly alkaline polluted soil. Furthermore, machine learning method was used to examine the systematic evaluation of the impact of feature selection based on Pearson's correlation on the performance of the linear regression model. The results revealed that maximum fresh and dry biomass of mustard was observed by 26.38 and 38.18 % with hydrochar 1 %, whereas lemon biochar at 2 % reduced fresh and dry biomass up to 34.0 and 53.0 % than control. The immobilization of Cd and Pb was observed by 83.70 and 71.15 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 %, As 71.62 % with hydrochar 2 %, Ni 80.84 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar 2 %, Cu 66.32 % with and Zn 36.30 % with thiourea-vegetable modified biochar at 2 % than control. However, the maximum mobilization of Cu in soil was observed by 30.3 % with lemon biochar 2 %, similarly for Zn 37.36 % with hydrochar 2 % as compared with other treatments. The phyto-availability of Cd, Pb, As and Cu in the mustard shoot and root biomass was reduced except Ni and Zn in soil than control. It was observed that using the machine learning regression analysis approach, variability in treatments effectiveness is evident across different feature correlation thresholds. This study clearly shows that the beneficial role of studied amendments on mustard growth and reduced bioavailability of heavy metal(loid)s and enhance primary macronutrients in alkaline polluted soil. It is suggested that future studies may be conducted on combined application of studies amendments on plant growth, immobilization of heavy metal(loid)s in multi-metal polluted soil under different field conditions.

Effect of Sowing Dates on Performance of Different Mustard Varieties (Brassica juncea L.) in Western Uttar Pradesh, India

An experiment was conducted to study the “Effect of sowing dates on performance of different mustard varieties (Brassica juncea L.) in western Uttar Pradesh” during rabi season of 2021-22 at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations with Date of sowing and Mustard varieties. The treatment consisted of three dates of sowing and four mustard varieties were tested in RCBD (Factorial) with three replications. Results revealed that the sowing of mustard on D1 (7th October) gave higher plant height (190.2 cm), LAI (4.06), branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (69.40 g plant-1), seed (21.11 q ha-1), stover (71.76 q ha-1) and biological yield (92.88 q ha-1) of mustard crop. Similarly, the variety V1 (Pusa Vijay) gave highest plant height (197.5 cm), LAI (4.22), branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (69.65 g plant-1), seed (22.27 q ha-1), stover (69.59 q ha-1) and biological yield (91.87 q h-1) of mustard crop. Thus, it may be concluded that the Pusa Vijay variety of mustard sown on 7th October gave significantly higher values of growth, yield attributes and yield of mustard.

Effect of Liquid Biofertilizer and Variable Source of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) in Western U.P., India

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2021-22 at Crop Research Centre of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (U.P.). The experiment consisted of twenty treatment combinations with variable source of nutrients and biofertilizer. The treatment consisted of four sources of nutrients and five Biofertilizer levels were tested in RCBD (Factorial) with three replications. Results revealed that the application of 75% RDF (NPKS 90:45:45:30 kg/ha) +2-ton Vermicompost ha-1 gave higher plant height (203.55 cm), LAI (2.929), branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (66.65 g plant-1), and seed (1854), stover (7193) &amp; biological (9047) yield (kg ha-1) of mustard crop. Similarly, application of Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + Zn SB each @20 ml kg-1 seed treatment gave higher plant height (201.46 cm), LAI (2.702), branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation (64.98 g plant-1), and seed (1735), stover (6888) &amp; biological (8623) yield (kg ha-1) of mustard crop. Thus, it may be concluded that the application of 75% RDF (NPKS 90:45:45:30kg/ha) + 2‑ton Vermicompost/ha +Biofertilizers (Azotobacter + PSB + KMB + ZnSB each @ 20 ml/kg Seed treatment) found economical in obtaining higher growth and yield of mustard.

Optimizing Weed Control: A Review of Integrated Weed Management in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

Mustard (Brassica juncea L.), a species of the cruciferous family, is the world's third most significant oilseed crop, following soybean and palm. Mustard seeds range in oil content from 37 to 49%. India is the fourth-largest producer of mustard and rapeseed in the world. The most significant issue causing mustard's low yield is weed control. Crop yields are significantly reduced by weeds; in the case of mustard, this can mean a complete failure rate of 15–30%. Crop plants compete with weeds for nutrients, sunlight, space, and water. In addition to lowering crop quality, weeds pose a number of nutritional and environmental hazards. In mustard crops, weed competition is particularly important in the early stages since the crop grows slowly in the first 4–8 weeks after sowing. On the other hand, 15–40 days are the critical window for crop–weed competition. Weed control must be carried out appropriately and on time in order to maximize mustard growth and production. During the early stages of crop growth, 25–30 days after sowing, the traditional practice of hand weeding once is insufficient because weeds always reappear after manual weeding, irrigation, or winter rainfall. More importantly, though, is that these weeds drain a large amount of the soil's moisture and nutrients. Though hand weeding mustard is simple, the expense of doing so is significant due to the scarcity of labor at the appropriate time and the uncontrolled growth of various intra row weeds. Weeds may become tolerant of herbicides despite their regular and high dosage application. Therefore, combined approaches could be the best option to control the complex weed flora in mustard.

Impact of Humic Acid and Sulphur application on growth and yield of Indian Mustard under variable Water moisture regimes

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is an important oilseed crop cultivated in various regions of the world, particularly in India. However, its productivity faces limitations due to various abiotic factors, notably variable soil moisture. This study aimed to explore the influence of humic acid and sulphur application on Indian mustard growth and yield within different moisture regimes. A field experiment was conducted in rabi season, employing a split plot design with four replications. Four moisture treatments were imposed: (1) no post sowing irrigation, (2) one post sowing irrigation (3) two post sowing irrigation and (4) three post sowing irrigation. Within each moisture regime, four treatment groups were established: (A) control (no application), (B) humic acid alone, (C) sulphur alone, and (D) a combination of humic acid and sulphur. The results revealed significant improvements in various growth and yield parameters when humic acid and sulphur were applied, particularly under moisture stress conditions. Application of humic acid and sulphur enhanced root development, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic rate, which ultimately led to increased plant height, leaf area, and biomass accumulation. Notably, the combined application exhibited synergistic effects, resulting in the highest yield increments, especially under severe moisture stress. This study provides valuable insights into the potential advantages of incorporating humic acid and sulphur as soil amendments in Indian mustard cultivation, particularly in moisture-variable regions. The results highlight the combined application’s effectiveness in mitigating water scarcity effects, thereby promoting sustainable agriculture and bolstering food security.

Phytochemical analysis of crop extracts and assessment of their allelopathic effect on germination and seedling growth of wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis) and faba bean (Vicia faba var. minor)

This study explored the allelopathic potential of sorghum, rapeseed, and oat extracts at various concentrations on wild mustard and faba bean seeds. The chemical composition of these extracts, including flavonoids, terpenes, and phenolic compounds, was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Wild mustard seeds showed significant susceptibility to aqueous extracts, with complete suppression of germination observed at concentrations of 75% and 100% (v/v). Conversely, the germination rate of faba bean remained largely unaffected, whereas root and shoot lengths exhibited differential responses based on the concentration and specific plant extract. Notably, certain treatments, particularly rapeseed (at 75%) and rapeseed-sorghum combinations (at 50% and 75%), inhibited wild mustard germination and stimulated radicle and hypocotyl growth in faba beans. This differential reactivity suggests the potential of faba beans as an alternative to weed management in its cultivation. Overall, aqueous extracts from sorghum, rapeseed, and oats displayed significant phytotoxic effects on wild mustard, while inducing varied responses in faba bean seeds. These findings underscore the promise of these extracts as eco-friendly alternatives for weed management in faba bean crops, warranting further exploration and optimization of sustainable agricultural practices.

Growth and Yield Responses of Green Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) by using Cow Manure and Nitrogen Levelsat Wet Season By IJISRT

Green mustard is a kind of vegetables that is easy to plant and it has nutrition for our health. The method to use or select varieties is a good technique to yield of green mustard and fertilizer also plays a key role to increase the growth of green mustard. The purpose of this research was to show the method for using cow manure with the levels of nitrogen fertilizer in responding to growth and yield of varieties of green mustard (Brassica juncea). This experiment had two factors such as three varieties of green mustard and cow manure with the three levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Factor number one was the green mustard varieties (Brassica juncea): (V1) the pretty mustard, (V2) the black mustard (coss) and (V3) the green - leaf mustard. Factor number two was the use of cow manure of 20 t/ha with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer: (F1) nitrogen fertilizer of 0 Kg/ha, (F2) nitrogen fertilizer of 15 Kg/ha and (F3) nitrogen fertilizer of 30 Kg/ha. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 4 replications, 9 treatment combinations, which were equal to 36 small plots. It was done at Thmor Sar village, Svay Chrum commune, Svay Chrum district, Svay Rieng province, Cambodia from September to December, 2022. The results showed that the higher yield of green mustard was the treatment combination of (V3F3) and it provided 8.92 t/ha. So, it could be concluded that the better variety of green mustard was V3 (green - leaf mustard) by using F3 (fertilizer) cow manure of 20 t/ha with nitrogen fertilizer of 30 Kg/ha that it could provide a higher yield (8.92 t/ha).