Growth Of Candida Albicans Research Articles

Anti-cariogenic Properties of Lactobacillus plantarum in the Utilization of Galacto-Oligosaccharide

Ecological approaches can help to correct oral microbial dysbiosis and drive the advent and persistence of a symbiotic oral microbiome, which benefits long-term dental caries control. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the prebiotic Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on the growth of probiotics L. plantarum 14,917 and its effect on the inhibitory ability of L. plantarum 14,917 against the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in an in vitro model. Single-species growth screenings were conducted in TSBYE broth with 1% glucose and 1–5% GOS. Interaction experiments were performed using duo- and multi-species models with inoculation of 105 CFU/mL S. mutans, 103 CFU/mL C. albicans, and 108 CFU/mL L. plantarum 14,917 under 1%, 5% GOS or 1% glucose. Viable cells and pH changes were measured. Real-time PCR was utilized to assess expression of C. albicans and S. mutans virulence genes. Six replicates were used for each group. Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis were employed to compare the outcomes of different groups. GOS significantly inhibited the growth of C. albicans and S. mutans in terms of growth quantity and speed when the two strains were grown individually. However, GOS did not affect the growth of L. plantarum 14,917. Moreover, 1% and 5% GOS enhanced the anti-fungal performance of L. plantarum 14,917 in comparison to 1% glucose. GOS as the carbon source resulted in a less acidic environment in the C. albicans and S. mutans duo-species model and multispecies model where L. plantarum 14,917 was added. When GOS was utilized as the carbohydrate substrate, S. mutans and C. albicans had a significant reduction in the expression of the HWP1, ECE1, atpD, and eno genes (p < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first study that reported the ability of GOS to neutralize S. mutans-C. albicans high caries of medium pH and to disrupt virulence gene expression. Moreover, as a prebiotic, GOS augmented the inhibitory ability of L. plantarum against C. albicans in vitro. The current study revealed the anti-caries potential of prebiotics GOS and shed light on novel caries prevention strategies from the perspective of prebiotics and probiotics. These findings provide a rationale for future biofilm or clinical studies to elucidate the effect of GOS on modulating oral microbiota and caries control.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Penyuluhan Manfaat Rebusan Air Daun Sirih Terhadap Fluor Albus di Vagina Pada Wanita Usia Reproduktif di Kelurahan Ladang Bambu Tahun 2023

Women have many problems in the vaginal area. Most cases that occur are vaginal discharge. Vaginal discharge or in medical language called flour albus is excessive discharge from the vagina that is not menstrual blood. Non-pharmacological treatment of vaginal discharge can be done by changing personal hygiene behavior, psychology, and using betel leaves. Betel leaf has been scientifically proven to inhibit the growth of Candida albicans at various concentrations (20-100%). Based on data obtained in Ladang Bambu Village on August 10, 2023, there were 12 women of reproductive age who experienced vaginal discharge, with an average age of 21-36 years, The average age of 21-36 years, women of reproductive age in Ladang Bambu Village have never known the many benefits of green betel leaves, so the community service team is interested in conducting Health Education in the form of counseling related to the benefits of betel leaf cooking water against fluor albus in women of reproductive age in Ladang Bambu Village.

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF MIXED MAULI BANANA STEM AND BASIL LEAVES AGAINST Staphylococcus aureus

ABSTRACTBackground: Mauli banana is a typical plant in South Kalimantan which contains tannins (67.59%), saponins (14.49%), alkaloids (0.34%), and flavonoids (0.25%) as natural antiseptics inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans. Basil is plant that contain eugenol (70%), flavonoids (4.75%), tannins (4.6%), and alkaloids (1%) as natural antiseptics inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans. This study was to examine the antibacterial activity of a mixture of banana mauli stem stems and basil leaves against Staphylococcus aureus. Purpose: to analyze the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the mixture of banana mauli stems and basil leaves extracts. Method: true experiment using pretest and posttest with control group design with 11 treatments consisting of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 100%, and aquadest. Antibacterial activity test was conducted using dilution method. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by contrasting the absorbance value before and after incubation. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) was obtained by testing the concentration with negative absorbance value on MSA media incubated for 24 hours. Results: The results of this study indicated that the concentration of 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but these concentrations had yet been able to kill Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: The MIC of mauli banana and basil leaves extract combination against S aureus presentts at 40% concentration yet MBC cannot be obtained.Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Basil leaf, Dilution method, Mauli banana stem, Staphylococcus aureus

Structural Characterization, Cytotoxicity, and the Antifungal Mechanism of a Novel Peptide Extracted from Garlic (Allium sativa L.)

Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a traditional plant with antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to discover new antifungal peptides from garlic, identify their structure, and explore the antimicrobial mechanism. Peptides were separated by chromatography and identified by MALDI-TOF analysis. Structure and conformation were characterized by CD spectrum and NMR analysis. Mechanism studies were conducted by SEM, membrane depolarization, and transcriptomic analysis. The cytotoxicity to mammalian cells as well as drug resistance development ability were also evaluated. A novel antifungal peptide named NpRS with nine amino acids (RSLNLLMFR) was obtained. It was a kind of cationic peptide with a α-helix as the dominant conformation. NOESY correlation revealed a cyclization in the molecule. The peptide significantly inhibited the growth of Candida albicans. The mechanism study indicated that membrane destruction and the interference of ribosome-related pathways might be the main mechanisms of antifungal effects. In addition, the resistance gene CDR1 for azole was down-regulated and the drug resistance was hardly developed in 21 days by the serial passage study. The present study identified a novel antifungal garlic peptide with low toxicity and provided new mechanism information for the peptide at the gene expression level to counter drug resistance.

Isolation and LC-QToF Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from an Endemic Plant Artemisia heptapotamica Poljak

Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of Artemisia heptapotamica Poljak led to the isolation of ten known compounds, including four alkyl p-coumarates: octadecyl trans-p-coumarate (1), icosy trans-p-coumarate (2), docosyl trans-p-coumarate (3), and tetracosyl trans-p-coumarate (4), one sesquiterpene lactone: santonin (5), four flavonoids; axillarin (6), quercetin 3-O-methyl ether (7), luteolin (8), and quercetin (9), and one phenolic acid derivative: p-coumaric acid (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by various spectroscopic analyses. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of the total extract and different fractions was screened, and they exhibited no inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans, C. neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRS), E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) at the tested concentrations ranging from 8 to 200 μg/mL. The identification and tentative characterization of the secondary metabolites were conducted using LC-QToF analysis. This method helps in the putative characterization of sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids, coumarate derivatives, and aliphatic compounds. The developed method identified 43 compounds, of which the majority were sesquiterpene lactones, such as eudesmanolides, germacranolides, and guaianolide derivatives, followed by flavonoids. The proposed LC-QToF method helps develop dereplication strategies and understand the major class of chemicals before proceeding with the isolation of compounds.

α,ω-Diacyl-Substituted Analogues of Natural and Unnatural Polyamines: Identification of Potent Bactericides That Selectively Target Bacterial Membranes.

In this study, α-ω-disubstituted polyamines exhibit a range of potentially useful biological activities, including antimicrobial and antibiotic potentiation properties. We have prepared an expanded set of diarylbis(thioureido)polyamines that vary in central polyamine core length, identifying analogues with potent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida albicans growth inhibition properties, in addition to the ability to enhance action of doxycycline towards Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The observation of associated cytotoxicity/hemolytic properties prompted synthesis of an alternative series of diacylpolyamines that explored aromatic head groups of varying lipophilicity. Examples bearing terminal groups each containing two phenyl rings (15a-f, 16a-f) were found to have optimal intrinsic antimicrobial properties, with MRSA being the most susceptible organism. A lack of observed cytotoxicity or hemolytic properties for all but the longest polyamine chain variants identified these as non-toxic Gram-positive antimicrobials worthy of further study. Analogues bearing either one or three aromatic-ring-containing head groups were either generally devoid of antimicrobial properties (one ring) or cytotoxic/hemolytic (three rings), defining a rather narrow range of head group lipophilicity that affords selectivity for Gram-positive bacterial membranes versus mammalian. Analogue 15d is bactericidal and targets the Gram-positive bacterial membrane.

Synthesis, In Silico Study, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of N-phenylbenzamides.

Antibiotic and antifungal resistance problems have been prevalent in recent decades. One of the efforts to solve the problems is to develop new medicines with more potent antibacterial and antifungal activity. N-phenylbenzamides have the potential to be developed as antibacterial and antifungal medicine. This study aimed to synthesize N-phenylbenzamides and evaluate their in silico and in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities. The in silico studies conducted absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) predictions along with molecular docking studies. ADMET predictions used pkCSM software online, while the docking studies used MVD software (Molegro ® Virtual Docker version 5.5) on Aminoglycosid-2 ″-phosphotransferase-IIa (APH2 ″-IIa) enzyme with protein data bank (PDB) ID code 3HAV as antibacterial and aspartic proteinases enzyme (Saps) with PDB ID code 2QZX as an antifungal. In vitro, antibacterial and antifungal tests were carried out using the zone of inhibition (ZOI) method. The five N-phenylbenzamides (3a-e) were successfully synthesized with a high yield. Based on in silico and in vitro studies, compounds 3a-e have antibacterial and antifungal activities, where they can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and Candida albicans. Therefore, compounds 3a-e can be developed as a topical antibacterial and antifungal agent.

UJI AKTIVITAS SABUN PEMBERSIH KEWANITAAN EKSTRAK DAUN SENDOK (Plantago Major L.) TERHADAP Candida Albicans

Abstract. Daun sendok (Plantago Major L) is a plant that is considered a weed by the community which is known to contain flavonoid compounds, saponins, alkaloids, tannins and phenols as antifungals. This study aims to determine the activity of the feminine cleansing soap activity test of daun sendok extract (Plantago Major L.) against the fungus Candida albicans. The method used is the disk diffusion method (paper disk) using 3 petri dishes in which each cup contains 4 paper disks which are given negative control, 1% b/v concentration of daun sendok extract soap, 2% b/v daun sendok extract soap and positive control. The results of the research conducted on testing the activity of female cleansing soap using daun sendok extract (Plantago Major L.) as an antifungal, that is the results obtained from daun sendok extract soap using a concentration of 1% b/v and 2% b/v, which cannot inhibit the growth of Candida albicans.

Therapeutic potential of two formulated novel chitosan derivatives with prominent antimicrobial activities against virulent microorganisms and safe profiles toward fibroblast cells

The development of new antimicrobial agents has been drawing considerable attention due to the extreme escalation of multi-drug resistant microorganisms. We thus sought to ameliorate the antimicrobial activities of the chitosan (Cs) biopolymer by coupling chitosan with cyclohexanone and 2-N-methyl pyrrolidone, synthesizing two novel Schiff bases (CsSB1 and CsSB2), respectively. FT-IR, TGA, DSC, SEM, and potentiometric titration were employed to characterize the formulated chitosan derivatives. The findings exposed that the degrees of deacetylation were 88.12% and 89.98% for CsSB1 and CsSB2, respectively. The antimicrobial capacities of CsSB1 and CsSB2 were substantially enhanced compared with prime chitosan. Furthermore, the CsSB1 and CsSB2 demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 50 µg/ml in relation to all studied microorganisms, whereas chitosan revealed MIC value of 50 µg/ml only for E. coli. Furthermore, CsSB1 with a concentration of 250 µg/ml manifested the highest antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Correspondingly, CsSB2 revealed a comparable trend of microbial hindrance with lower activities. Besides, the two derivatives could thwart the growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans). The cytotoxicity assay of the biomaterials accentuated their biocompatibility with fibroblasts. Collectively, the two formulated chitosan derivatives could competently rival the native chitosan, particularly for future applications in wound healing.

Impact of surface pre-reacted glass ionomer filler eluate on lipase gene expression in Candida albicans: An in vitro study.

Although a surface pre-reacted glass ionomer (S-PRG) exerts a suppressive effect on Candida albicans (C. albicans) activity and growth, its influence on the expression of the lipase gene (LIP) family including LIP1-LIP10, an indicator of clinical infection, has not yet been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the effect of S-PRG filler eluates on LIP expression in C. albicans using real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Candida albicans was treated with an S-PRG filler diluted at ratios of 1:32 and 1:64 for 24 h at 37°C. The diluted S-PRG filler eluates (1:32) suppressed lipase activity in C. albicans by downregulating LIP5 (0.54±0.25 relative to that of the control) and LIP8 (0.35±0.074) expression after 24 h, which corresponded with decreased lipase activity. At a dilution factor of 1:64, there was no significant difference in LIP expression. Thus, the S-PRG filler eluate has potential to suppress fungal activity by downregulating LIP expression.

The broad antibacterial activity of a small synthetic receptor for cellular phosphatidylglycerol lipids.

A small receptor molecule composed of a porphyrin core with tetrakis-ammonium glycine pickets (liptin 3e) appears to target anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG) lipid head groups through multifunctional binding-pocket complementarity. Although a major component of bacterial cell membranes, PG is not widely found in animal cells, making PG potentially selective for bacterial targeting. Growth of microbial isolates was monitored in liquid cultures treated with liptin 3e by dilution plate counts and turbidity. Inhibition of growth by liptin 3e was observed for the ESKAPE human pathogens (Enterobacter aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium), Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Streptococcus sobrinus, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), with certain species suppressed at <1 μg/mL (sub-μM) concentrations. Prolonged lag phases were observed, although cell viability was mainly unaffected, suggesting that liptin treatment caused bacteriostasis. Cultures treated with liptin 3e eventually recovered, resumed growth, and reached the same final densities as untreated cultures. Growth of the fungus Candida albicans was not appreciably inhibited by liptin 3e. If liptins exhibit bacteriostasis through broad extracellular binding to PG head groups, thereby disrupting cellular processes, liptins may be considered for development into preclinical drug candidates or be useful as a targeting system for molecular beacons or antibacterial drugs.

Comparative evaluation of antifungal efficacy and potency of soft liners incorporated with powder extracts of Lawsonia inermis and Withania somnifera on the growth of Candida albicans – An in vitro study

CONTEXT: Denture relining materials are soft and resilient materials used in the treatment of patients with denture soreness. Studies have concluded that rugged surface of the liners allows the sticking of the Candida albicans and later gives rise to a condition called denture-induced stomatitis.AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antifungal efficacy and potency of denture soft liners incorporated with powder extract of Lawsonia inermis and Withania somnifera on the growth of C. albicans.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 105 samples were taken in this in vitro study and was divided into three groups: To check for the antifungal activity with 35 samples each. L. inermis and W. somnifera powder extract were incorporated in soft liner at 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% concentration and the antifungal efficacy against C. albicans was tested by calculating the diameter of inhibition zone for 1, 7, and 14 days.Statistical analysis used: Subgroup analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Pair-wise comparisons were carried out through Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures.RESULTS: When comparison of four subgroups (1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%) was done with the mean zone of antifungal efficacy at 1st day, 7th day, and 14th day time points in both the groups by one-way ANOVA, statistically significant results were obtained with P of 0.0001.CONCLUSIONS: L. inermis and W. somnifera natural herb extracts have shown to have antifungal activity against C. albicans and can be used as an alternative for the synthetic antifungal drugs.

Antifungal Activity of Bulgarian Rose Damascena Oil against Vaginitis-Causing Opportunistic Fungi.

Since Bulgarian rose damascena oil is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, we investigated its antifungal activity against the species of Candida, which are among the most common opportunistic fungal pathogens. Our disk-diffusion assay revealed that Bulgarian rose damascena oil effectively inhibited the growth of Candida albicans along with various bacteria. The minimum inhibitory and fungicidal concentrations against Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were all 0.25%. Under our experimental conditions, Bulgarian rose damascena oil showed better inhibitory effects on Candida glabrata and Candida albicans than several popular essential oils reported to have antifungal activity other than Origanum vulgare oil. Interestingly, Bulgarian rose damascena oil showed better antifungal activity against Candida species at acidic pH and induced cell death of Candida species in the culture medium, with cell death seen in 25-35% of the cells exposed to 0.05% Bulgarian rose damascena oil. Furthermore, Bulgarian rose damascena oil inhibited the hyphal growth of Candida albicans cultured in the RPMI medium with fetal bovine serum. These findings collectively suggest that Bulgarian rose damascena oil has antifungal activity against Candida species and thus could potentially be developed in novel therapies for vaginitis-causing pathogenic fungi.

Study on secondary metabolites of Trichoderma atroviride F742 and their role in antibiosis

Abstract Soil-borne pathogenic fungi responsible for serious damage in agriculture are widely distributed. Traditional approach to control these pathogens leads to the use of chemical fungicides, many of which have proven harmful side effects on the environment. Mycoparasitic fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been used for pathogens biocontrol as well as for their ability to promote plant growth. As increased mycoparasitic activity of mutant strain Trichoderma atroviride F742 has been observed, its use as a biocontrol agent might be considered. In this work, we focused on mycoparasitic activity of the strain T. atroviride F742 prepared by UV mutagenesis (from parental strain T. atroviride F534) and the physiological role of T. atroviride metabolites in antibiosis. T. atroviride F742 shows remarkable mycoparasitic activity attacking and colonizing phytopathogens (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium culmorum). Its isolated metabolites inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and fungi Candida albicans, A. alternata and F. culmorum. As different expression patterns in the secondary metabolites production of ABC transporters have been observed, we suggest their role in transport of secondary metabolites produced by T. atroviride F742.

Initial oral microbiota and the impact of delivery mode and feeding practices in 0 to 2 month-old infants.

The aim of this study was to describe the initial oral microbiota and how delivery mode and feeding practices impact its diversity in 0-2-month-old infants. This was a cross-sectional study that consisted of one collection of saliva samples from 0-2-month infants at baseline. Ten pairs of mothers and infants were selected. Medical health history, pregnancy, birth, feeding practices (breastfeeding or milk formula), and infant health status was obtained. Pooled microbial samples were obtained from the oral surfaces using a sterile cotton swab. Infants did not receive any breast milk before sampling. After collection, each swab was analyzed through microbiological culture-based procedures, using selective mediums. Cultures were analyzed for the presence of Streptococci, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacterium , and Candida albicans . Twenty percent of the samples were serially diluted (10-2) to assess the number of bacteria expressed as CFU. Bacillota was the leading phylogenetic group in the infant's pooled microbial sample. The most prevalent genera were Streptococcus, Lactobacillus , and Staphylococcus . Two participants had a positive growth of Candida albicans . The association between genus group, type of delivery, and feeding practices was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Lactobacillus genus was frequently present in the cesarean delivery group but with slightly higher counts in a vaginal delivery study subject. Exclusively breastfed infants showed presence of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus . The oral microbiome in infants (0-2 month-old) is highly heterogeneous and dynamic. Microbiota composition seems to be impacted by mode of delivery, with slight differences among groups. Breastmilk appears as an essential factor in maintaining the oral microbiome's stability and diversity.

Patients with the Diagnosis of Malignancy Followed Up with Candidemia in a Tertiary University Hospital: Analysis of Species and Resistance

Introduction: The incidence of Candidemia, which is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, is increasing. Patients with a diagnosis of malignancy, who use immunosuppressants, and who require follow-up in the intensive care unit are at high risk for Candidemia. The incidence and resistance patterns of Candida species may vary depending on population, geographical location, and previous antifungal exposure. It was aimed to identify Candida spp. isolated from blood culture samples of patients diagnosed with malignancy for the species level, and to determine their antifungal drug susceptibility, in this study.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this study, the results of the samples with growth in blood cultures between January 2016 and July-2022 were examined retrospectively. The patients with a diagnosis of Candida spp. fungal growth in at least one blood culture set during hospitalization and the patients with a diagnosis of malignancy defined as candidemia and treated with antifungal were included in the study.&#x0D; Results: Candida albicans growth was detected in 43.5% (10) of the blood cultures included in the study. Non-albicans species were isolated in a total of 13 blood cultures (56.5%): 30.4% (7) C. parapsilosis; 17.4% (4) C. glabrata; 4.3% (1) C. tropicalis; 4.3% (1) C. krusei. Very low resistance rates were determined against many antifungals such as Amphotericin B (0%), Micafungin (0%), Fluconazole (10%), Posaconazole (0%), Voriconazole (0%), and Anidulafungin (25%) for C. albicans isolates in our study. On the other hand, higher levels of resistance were observed for almost all antifungals for non-albicans species, the incidence of which has increased in recent years. &#x0D; Discussion and Suggestions: The epidemiology of Candida infections has been changing in recent years. Although C. albicans is still the main reason for invasive Candidiasis in many clinical environments, a significant number of patients are now infected with non-albicans Candida species. Candida species may show differential susceptibility to commonly used antifungal agents. The susceptibility of Candida species to commonly used antifungal agents varies. As in our study, we believe that following the epidemiological data and antifungal susceptibility patterns of medical centers will allow effective empirical treatment and improve Candidemia prognosis.

Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans Dan Sumbangsihnya Pada Materi Fungi Di SMA/MA

&#x0D; Candida albicans is a pathogenic fungal species from the deuteromycota group. This fungal species is the cause of opportunistic infections called candidiasis of the skin, mucosa, and internal organs of humans. Traditionally, red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) has been used for various ingredients such as increasing endurance, overcoming inflammation, coughs, wounds, and allergies due to insect bites. This study aims to test the effectiveness of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) against the fungus Candida albicans and to determine the concentration of inhibition of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) which can inhibit the growth of Candida albicans. This research method uses experimental methods and The design of this study was Completely Randomized Design with 4 treatments and 6 repetitions. The data analysis technique used ANOVA analysis of variance to examine the differences between more than two groups. The concentrations used in this study were 25%, 50%, and 100%, and the negative control used DMSO. Based on the results of the research with a test level of 1% that the red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) on the growth of the fungus Candida albicans gave a very significant effect because Fcount &gt; Ftable (78.325&gt;3.10) against the fungus Candida albicans so Ha was accepted, H0 was rejected. The highest average inhibition zone in this study was at a concentration of 100% with a value of 13.14, the average 50% inhibition zone resulted in a value of 11.19 mm and the lowest average inhibition zone was at a concentration of 25% with a value of 9.77 mm. This shows that red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) has an effect on the growth of the fungus Candida albicans. As for the results of the Duncan's Real Distance Difference Test (BJND) at the treatment concentrations P0, P1, and P3 there were real differences at distances 1, 2 and 3 which were significantly different

Efficacy of Aloe secundiflora crude plant extract against Candida albicans and Penicillium marneffei

Abstract&#x0D; Medicinal plants have been used in production of various drugs singly or in combination and even as principal raw material for the production of other conventional medicines. There are a number of Aloe species that grow wildly in Kenya. Ten mature leaves of Aloe secundiflora were collected and the crude plant extract was obtained and prepared according to Waihenya et al., 2003. It was then tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Penicillium marneffei. In- vitro studies on the efficacy of crude extracts of A. secundiflora on C.albicans and P. marneffei were conducted. The results of the study revealed considerable zones of inhibition of Candida albicans growth caused by Aloe secundiflora crude plant extract on Sabouraoud agar. There was also growth inhibition of the Penicillium marneffei which is known to cause infections in immunosuppressed hosts and in non-AIDS patients with hematological malignancies and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Our results suggests that, the extract can be used to prevent the aflatoxins caused by Aspergillus species and the superficial mycosis that result from fungal infection and probably any other kind of mycoses. Further studies are required starting with experimental models to establish the in-vivo activity of the crude extract, the active ingredient, dosage and safety of A.secundiflora, before recommending it for clinical use.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: Aloe secundiflora, Immunosuppressed hosts, Crude extract, Candida albicans, Penicillium marneffei

Efektivitas pertumbuhan Candida albicans pada media alternatif air rebusan kacang kedelai (Glycine max (l) Merr)

Background: Candida albicans are one of the pathogenic fungi in humans whose growth requires carbohydrates and proteins to grow and develop. Soybeans have a reasonably good nutritional content and potential as an alternative medium for the growth of Candida albicans fungi, and soybeans are very easy to find in the community, so they can be used as an alternative medium to replace SGA (Sabouraud Glucose Agar). Soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr) have nutritional content consisting of oils, carbohydrates, and minerals that allow them to source nutrients and food for fungi. Furthermore, one of them that can be utilized from soybeans is cooking water.Objectives: The study aims to determine whether soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) cooking water media can be an effective alternative for Candida albicans culture.Methods: An analytical study using an experimental design was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory at the Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health, in September 2022. The sample used in this study was soybean cooking water as an alternative medium for Candida albicans. Data collection is based on the culture (breeding) of Candida albicans on alternative media with soybean decoction water as raw material. For the identification of Candida albicans species, confirmation tests were carried out using the germ tube test method. Then the growth assessment of positive (+) colonies of Candida albicans on alternative media of soybean cooking water was incubated for 72 hours (± three days) at 37°C. Data analysis was only done descriptivelyResults: There is the growth of Candida albicans fungal colonies on alternative media from soybean cooking water with macroscopic characteristics of yellowish white color, yeast smell, smooth, smooth surface, flat edges, small colonies, and many colonies. On microscopic observation, Candida albicans fungus was found with microscopic characteristics of round, oval, small, thin-walled, yeast-like cells and pseudohyphae.Conclusion: Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) cooking water media is effectively used as an alternative media for the growth of Candida albicans.

2020. Disinfection of Needle-less Connectors Using UVC Light

Abstract Background Nearly 50% of post-insertion catheter-related infections are due to microbial ingress from needleless connectors (NC), widely used devices which connect to the end of catheters or infusion sets and enable access for injection of medications and attachment of infusions. Infections arising from NC could result in central line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI). The clinical guideline for disinfecting NC is to wipe the hub of the NC with a 70% alcohol and to manually scrub the connector surface for at least 15 seconds. Unfortunately, multiple studies have found low compliance with the 15 second disinfection scrub. Methods In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 1 second of ultraviolet light-C exposure in the reduction of the 3 most common CLABSI associated organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida auris, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). We tested a total of 30 NC samples for each organism with 3 positive controls and 1 negative control. Results The log reductions were 5.68, 5.05, 4.41, and 6.38 for S. aureus, C. albicans, C. auris and MRSA, respectively. Growth of Candida albicans with and without UV-C exposure for 1 second. The figure shows the observed growth of Candida albicans from the surface of the connector with and without UV-C exposure for 1 second, displaying no growth on the agar plate for samples that were exposed to 1 second of UV-C disinfection. Log reduction of tested organisms after exposure of UV-C for 1 second. Table 1 displays the overall log reduction of tested organisms after 1 second of UV-C exposure. The results are shown for positive control concentration and log reduction for the test organisms Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Candida auras, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate greater than 4 log reduction of common CLABSI-associated organisms with 1 second of UV-C exposure, which we believe would decrease CLABSI rates, increase aseptic technique compliance, and reduce disruption in hospital workflow. Disclosures Julia Rasooly, MS, Puracath Medical, Inc: Board Member|Puracath Medical, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Michael Fourkas, MS, Puracath Medical, Inc: Grant/Research Support Gregory Schears, MD, Puracath Medical, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Puracath Medical, Inc: Stocks/Bonds.