Growth Of Candida Albicans Research Articles

Antifungal recombinant psoriasin of human origin effectively inhibits fungal growth on denture base.

To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant psoriasin as a novel treatment for oral candidiasis by eliminating Candida albicans growth on polymethyl methacrylate denture base. Recombinant psoriasin protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and Candida growth was monitored invitro with varying concentrations of psoriasin. Subsequently, denture-base polymethyl methacrylate was immersed in psoriasin's solution or voriconazole, and fungal growth on the acrylic base and in the medium was examined by scanning electron microscopy and optical density, respectively. Cellular viability of HeLa and human gingival fibroblast cells treated with psoriasin was measured by methylene blue assay. The findings reveal an effective antifungal activity of psoriasin, completely inhibiting Candida albicans growth in RPMI at a protein concentration above 400 nM. Immersing the polymethyl methacrylate with 50 μM psoriasin completely eradicates fungal growth. Psoriasin has low cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at a concentration higher than 12 μM and no toxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts. This study marks psoriasin as an effective alternative to conventional antifungal treatments for denture stomatitis and a safe alternative to chemical antifungals in dental medicine and beyond.

ZnO Nanoparticles Enhance the Antimicrobial Properties of Two-Sided-Coated Cotton Textile.

Cotton textiles improved with metal oxide nanoparticles acquire additional features that may enhance their action against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens due to the unique properties and characteristics of the nanoparticles. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the antimicrobial features of two-sided-coated cotton textiles with ZnO nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were deposited using green chemistry technology with low-temperature oxygen plasma. ZnO particles formed stable structures on textile fibers. The optimal deposition parameters (150 W plasma power, 120 min immersion time) achieved the best effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and microscopic fungi. Two-sided-coated cotton with ZnO nanoparticles showed high antibacterial action on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Modification with zinc oxide inhibited the growth of Candida albicans by more than half.

Vaginal Ovule Loaded with Bismuth Lipophilic Nanoparticles and Cetylpyridinium Chloride Inhibits Human Cervical Carcinoma and Candida albicans Growth.

Bismuth lipophilic nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are antineoplastic and antimicrobial in vitro. As a next pre-clinical step, a clinically viable dosage form for vaginal application was developed. Compendial pharmacopeial tests (mass uniformity, disintegration, and compressive mechanics) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were conducted on in-house developed glycerinated gelatin (60:15 v/w) vaginal ovules containing BisBAL NP-CPC. The antimycotic activity of BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules was analyzed using disk diffusion and cell viability XTT assays. The antitumor properties of BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules were assessed by cell viability MTT tests. BisBAL NP-CPC and drug-free vaginal ovules deposited into ex vivo porcine vaginas disaggregated without signs of adverse cytotoxicity within the timespan of clinical efficacy. BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules demonstrated antifungal efficacy comparable to miconazole: C. albicans growth inhibition haloes in diffusion tests were 23 ± 0.968 mm (n = 3) for BisBAL NP-CPC and 20.35 ± 0.899 mm (n = 3) for miconazole. Likewise, BisBAL NP-CPC vaginal ovules reduced HeLa cell growth by 81%, outperforming the clinical reference of 500 μM 5-fluouracil, which induced a 70% growth inhibition. BisBAL NP-CPC incorporated into glycerinated gelatin vaginal ovules constitute an innovative drug delivery system for topical antimycotic and anti-cervical carcinoma treatments.

Uji Aktivitas Sediaan Sampo Antiketombe Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus Polyrhizus) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Albicans Secara in Vitro

Dandruff is one of the problems that cause a lack of confidence. The triggering microorganism is Candida albicans. The innovation in the skin of red dragon fruit has the potential as an antibacterial and antifungal because it contains several active compounds such as alkaloids, terpenoids and flavonoids. This study aims to find out at what concentration the anti-dandruff activity on the growth of Candida albicans fungus in the formulation of dragon fruit peel extract shampoo preparation (Hylocereus polyrhizus). This research method is an experimental research using the disc paper diffusion method which consists of making dragon fruit peel extract with the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The extract is formulated in shampoo with concentrations of 20.40 and 80%. The results of this study were in the organoleptis test in the form of a viscous liquid, soft sticky texture, brown and menthol flavor. pH test 6.13, 6.71, 6.39, 5.49. Test the height of the foam 5.8cm, 6.0cm, 6.5cm, 10.3cm. Viscosity test 500 Cp, 612 Cp, 635 Cp, 624 Cp. Homogeneity test is homogeneous. Anti-dandruff shampoo activity test of kontro (+), control (-), concentration of 20%, 40%, 80% with an average of 21.95 mm, 0.00 mm, 22.9 mm, 26.07 mm, 28.52 mm. The conclusion of this study is that the formulation of dragon fruit peel extract shampoo (Hylocereus polyrhizus) has provided an inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans fungus with the strongest inhibitory concentration produced in formulation III with a concentration of 80% of 28.52 mm.

In vitro analysis of postbiotic antimicrobial activity against Candida Species in a minimal synthetic model simulating the gut mycobiota in obesity

Gut fungal imbalances, particularly increased Candida spp., are linked to obesity. This study explored the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum cell-free extracts (postbiotics) to modulate the growth of Candida albicans and Candida kefyr, key members of the gut mycobiota. A minimal synthetic gut model was employed to evaluate the effects of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum postbiotics on fungal growth in mono- and mixed cultures. Microreactors were employed for culturing, fungal growth was quantified using CFU counting, and regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of postbiotics on fungal growth. Postbiotics at a concentration of 12.5% significantly reduced the growth of both Candida species. At 24 h, both C. albicans and C. kefyr in monocultures exhibited a decrease in growth of 0.11 log CFU/mL. In contrast, mixed cultures showed a more pronounced antifungal effect, with C. albicans and C. kefyr reductions of 0.62 log CFU/mL and 0.64 log CFU/mL, respectively. Regression analysis using the Gompertz model supported the antifungal activity of postbiotics and revealed species-specific differences in growth parameters. These findings suggest that L. plantarum postbiotics have the potential to modulate the gut mycobiota by reducing Candida growth, potentially offering a therapeutic approach for combating fungal overgrowth associated with obesity.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Against the Growth of Candida albicans Isolated from Different Clinical Samples

This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the Husseini Teaching Hospital in Karbala for the year 2020-2021 with the aim of studying the effect of the active compounds in the aqueous and alcoholic extract of cinnamon in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans yeast. By GC-MS technique and also a qualitative detection of some active compounds in cinnamon bark, the results showed that cinnamon contains glycosides, tannins, resins, saponins and phenols. The aqueous and alcoholic extract showed a difference in the diameters of inhibition, where the highest inhibiting diameter reached (50 mg/ml) 32 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was 25 mm, while the concentration (25 mg/ml) reached the highest inhibition diameter of 30 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter of 22 mm and concentration (12.5 mg). /ml) the highest inhibition diameter reached 28 mm and the lowest inhibition diameter was 17 mm, while the concentration (6.25 mg/ml) reached the highest inhibition diameter 25 mm, and the minimum damping diameter is 12 mm.

Characterization of Lemongrass Extract (Cymbopagon citratus) Nanoemulsion and Its Application as an Antibiofilm Agent in Acrylic Resin.

An antimicrobial agent is needed for denture cleaning, such as lemongrass (LG), which has a bioactive antimicrobial component. This research analyzed LG extract nanoparticles with a particle size analyzer, ZPA, and biofilm formation inhibition on resin acrylic surfaces. We found that there is high stability in nanoparticle size, while other concentrations, including chlorhexidine as a positive control, did not show any statistical differences. Lemongrass oil nanoemulsion has proved to be an antibiofilm and effective as a denture cleaning agent because of its ability to inhibit Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans growth.

Potensi Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Beberapa Ekstrak Daun Benalu (Scurrula ferruginea (Roxb. ex Jack) Danser dari Archidendron sp. terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Candida albicans

Scurrula ferruginea (Roxb. ex Jack) Danser is known for its role as an antimicrobial and antioxidant agent due to its content of phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and terpenoids. S. ferruginea has been widely used in traditional medicine for skin infections, diarrhea, hypertension, and digestive tract diseases. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of various treatments of S. ferruginea mistletoe extracts. The experimental method used in this research is the nested pattern experiment. The extract treatments applied include fresh extract, boiled dry extract, boiled fresh extract, brewed dry extract, and brewed fresh extract. Antimicrobial potential was assessed using disc diffusion and dilution methods. Antioxidant activity (IC50) was determined using the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picryl-Hydrazine) method, and Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was also determined. The results indicate that the highest antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was found in the strong category of fresh extract treatment, whereas there was no significant effect on Candida albicans growth. The fresh extract treatment exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity with a total phenolic content of 20.77321 mgGAE/mL. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for the fresh extract against S. aureus and E. coli were 6.25%, and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values were 12.5% against both bacteria. The antioxidant value of the fresh extract was 101.26 μg/mL, categorized as moderate. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that S. ferruginea leaf extract can inhibit the activities of S. aureus and E. coli, while showing no effect on Candida albicans growth.

Mangaba (hancornia speciosa): exploring potent antifungal and antioxidant properties in lyophilised fruit pulp extract through in vitro analysis

Mangaba is a fruit native to Brazil, rich in bioactive compounds. To evaluate physicochemical composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant and antifungal activity of mangaba fruit pulp. Moisture, ash, protein, lipid, energy values and phenolic compounds were determined. Antioxidant activity was determined by capture of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Evaluation of antifungal activity was performed by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, according to protocols M07-A9 and M27-S3, and minimum fungicidal concentration. Freeze-dried mangaba pulp presented high levels of carbohydrates, low levels of lipids, and high energy density. Phenolic analysis demonstrated that chlorogenic acid was found in the highest concentration, followed by p-coumaric acid and ferulic acid. Mangaba extract showed antioxidant activity like BHT. Mangaba extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Cryptococcus gattii (AFLP4), Candida guilliermondii (ATCC 6260) and Candida albicans (MYA 2876). Freeze-dried mangaba inhibited fungal activity associated with antioxidant effect due to presence of phenolic compounds.

Mitochondrial Protease Oct1p Regulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Influences Pathogenicity through Affecting Hyphal Growth and Biofilm Formation Activities in Candida albicans.

Mitochondria, as the core metabolic organelles, play a crucial role in aerobic respiration/biosynthesis in fungi. Numerous studies have demonstrated a close relationship between mitochondria and Candida albicans virulence and drug resistance. Here, we report an octapeptide-aminopeptidase located in the mitochondrial matrix named Oct1p. Its homolog in the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the key proteins in maintaining mitochondrial respiration and protein stability. In this study, we utilized evolutionary tree analysis, gene knockout experiments, mitochondrial function detection, and other methods to demonstrate the impact of Oct1p on the mitochondrial function of C. albicans. Furthermore, through transcriptome analysis, real-time quantitative PCR, and morphological observation, we discovered that the absence of Oct1p results in functional abnormalities in C. albicans, affecting hyphal growth, cell adhesion, and biofilm formation. Finally, the in vivo results of the infection of Galleria mellonella larvae and vulvovaginal candidiasis in mice indicate that the loss of Oct1p led to the decreased virulence of C. albicans. In conclusion, this study provides a solid theoretical foundation for treating Candida diseases, developing new targeted drugs, and serves as a valuable reference for investigating the connection between mitochondria and virulence in other pathogenic fungi.

Fangchinoline inhibits growth and biofilm of Candida albicans by inducing ROS overproduction.

Infections caused by Candida species, especially Candida albicans, threaten the public health and create economic burden. Shortage of antifungals and emergence of drug resistance call for new antifungal therapies while natural products were attractive sources for developing new drugs. In our study, fangchinoline, a bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, exerted antifungal effects on planktonic growth of several Candida species including C. albicans, with MIC no more than 50 μg/mL. In addition, results from microscopic, MTT and XTT reduction assays showed that fangchinoline had inhibitory activities against the multiple virulence factors of C. albicans, such as adhesion, hyphal growth and biofilm formation. Furthermore, this compound could also suppress the metabolic activity of preformed C. albicans biofilms. PI staining, followed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) analysis showed that fangchinoline can elevate permeability of cell membrane. DCFH-DA staining suggested its anti-Candida mechanism also involved overproduction of intracellular ROS, which was further confirmed by N-acetyl-cysteine rescue tests. Moreover, fangchinoline showed synergy with three antifungal drugs (amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin), further indicating its potential use in treating C. albicans infections. Therefore, these results indicated that fangchinoline could be a potential candidate for developing anti-Candida therapies.

Photoactivated riboflavin inhibits planktonic and biofilm growth of Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species

Fungal infections caused by Candida species pose a serious threat to humankind. Antibiotics abuse and the ability of Candida species to form biofilm have escalated the emergence of drug resistance in clinical settings and hence, rendered it more difficult to treat Candida-related diseases. Lethal effects of Candida infection are often due to inefficacy of antimicrobial treatments and failure of host immune response to clear infections. Previous studies have shown that a combination of riboflavin with UVA (riboflavin/UVA) light demonstrate candidacidal activity albeit its mechanism of actions remain elusive. Thus, this study sought to investigate antifungal and antibiofilm properties by combining riboflavin with UVA against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species. The MIC20 for the fluconazole and riboflavin/UVA against the Candida species tested was within the range of 0.125–2 μg/mL while the SMIC50 was 32 μg/mL. Present findings indicate that the inhibitory activities exerted by riboflavin/UVA towards planktonic cells are slightly less effective as compared to controls. However, the efficacy of the combination towards Candida species biofilms showed otherwise. Inhibitory effects exerted by riboflavin/UVA towards most of the tested Candida species biofilms points towards a variation in mode of action that could make it an ideal alternative therapeutic for biofilm-related infections.

Synergistic antimicrobial action of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite against pathogenic microorganisms

Recently, there has been a surge in curiosity regarding the application of biopolymer-derived nanomaterials, primarily attributable to their extensive array of potential applications. In this study, nanocellulose was extracted from algae, biomolecule substances synthesized selenium nanoparticles, and a simple nanocomposite of nanocellulose and nanoselenium was elaborated using nanocellulose as a reducing agent under hydrothermal conditions. These nanocomposite materials have markedly improved properties at low concentrations. Our obtained polymers were characterized using techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), Scanning electron microscopic (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Transmission electron microscopic (TEM), Zeta Potential and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The size of nanocellulose, nanoselenium, and nanocomposite ranged from 35 to 85 nm. Antimicrobial investigation of the prepared nanopolymers was tested against Gram-negative bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 90274 and fungi such as Candida albicans ATCC 10221 besides Aspergillus fumigatus. In antibacterial action tests, nanoselenium showed significant efficacy against Bacillus subtilis with a 12 mm zone of inhibition, while the nanocomposite eclipsed all microorganisms. Nanocellulose and the nanocomposite were potent against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm and 16 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). The nanocomposite showed potential against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17 mm and 15 mm zones of inhibition, respectively). All polymers effectively inhibited Candida albicans growth (18 mm for the nanocomposite). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for three polymers have also been established. While nanocellulose displayed a MIC of 62.5 μg/ml in contradiction to Staphylococcus aureus, nanoselenium demonstrated a significant MIC of 3.95 μg/ml against Bacillus subtilis. These findings highlight the potential of the nanocomposite (nanocellulose-nanoselenium) as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial polymer.

Coated Microneedle System for Delivery of Clotrimazole in Deep-Skin Mycoses.

Mycoses of the skin are infectious diseases caused by fungal microorganisms that are generally treated with topical agents. However, such therapy is often ineffective and has to be supported by oral use of active substances, which, in turn, can cause many side effects. A good alternative for the treatment of deep-skin mycoses seems to be microneedles (MNs). The aim of this research was to fabricate and evaluate the properties of innovative MNs coated with a hydrogel as potential carriers for clotrimazole (CLO) in the treatment of deep fungal skin infections. A 3D printing technique using a photo-curable resin was employed to produce MNs, which were coated with hydrogels using a dip-coating method. Hydrogels were prepared with carbopol EZ-3 Polymer (Lubrizol) in addition to glycerol and triisopropanolamine. Clotrimazole was introduced into the gel as the solution in ethanol or was suspended. In the first step of the investigation, a texture analysis of hydrogels was prepared with a texture analyzer, and the drug release studies were conducted with the use of automatic Franz diffusion cells. Next, the release profiles of CLO for coated MNs were checked. The last part of the investigation was the evaluation of the antifungal activity of the prepared systems, and the inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans was checked with the diffusion and suspended-plate methods. The texture profile analysis (TPA) for the tested hydrogels showed that the addition of ethanol significantly affects the following studied parameters: hardness, adhesiveness and gumminess, causing a decrease in their values. On the other hand, for the gels with suspended CLO, better spreadability was seen compared to gels with dissolved CLO. The presence of the active substance did not significantly affect the values of the tested parameters. In the dissolution study, the results showed that higher amounts of CLO were released for MNs coated with a hydrogel containing dissolved CLO. Also, microbiological tests proved its efficacy against fungal cultures. Qualitative tests carried out using the diffusion method showed that circular zones of inhibition of fungal growth on the plate were obtained, confirming the hypothesis of effectiveness. The suspension-plate technique confirmed the inhibitory effect of applied CLO on the growth of Candida albicans. From the analysis of the data, the MNs coated with CLO dissolved in hydrogel showed better antifungal activity. All received results seem to be helpful in developing further studies for MNs as carriers of antifungal substances.

Influence of Five Different Commercially Available Mouthwashes on the Growth of Candida albicans Adhered to Customized Prefabricated Heat-Cured Denture Base Acrylic Resin Sheets: An In Vitro Study.

Background The purpose of this in vitro investigation was to evaluate the impact of five distinct commercial mouthwashes on the development of Candida albicans that had been adhered to heat-cured acrylic resin sheets. Methods This in vitro investigation was carried out at the MES Medical College's Microbiology Department in Perinthalmanna, Kerala, India. A total of 72 heat-cured acrylic resin sheets, size 10 × 10 × 2 mm, were fabricated. After disinfection, all 72 acrylic sheets were placed in a flask containing a suspension of the standard strain of Candida species (American Type Culture Collection) and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Then, the acrylic sheets were randomly divided into six groups, with each group containing 12 acrylic sheets. Group 1 was the control group to which no mouthwash was added. In group 2, Colgate Plax was added. In group 3, Hiora Himalaya was added. In group 4, Oral B was added. In group 5, Listerine was added. In group 6, Pepsodent was added. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were assessed using a colony counter every six, 24, 48, and 120 hours. After obtaining the pH and CFU of all 72 specimens, software known as the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) was used to analyze the data. Results Candida albicans adhered to heat-cured denture base acrylic resin sheets differed significantly in response to commercially available mouthwashes (Oral B, Colgate Plax, and Pepsodent) and non-commercial mouthwashes (Hiora Himalaya and Listerine) that contained cetylpyridinium chloride. Conclusions Compared to other mouthwashes that do not contain cetylpyridinium chloride (Listerine and Hiora Himalaya), mouthwashes with cetylpyridinium chloride as the active ingredient (Oral B, Pepsodent, and Colgate Plax) have shown good antifungal properties against the adhering Candida albicans on denture base resin.

Effectiveness biduri leaf extract (Calotropis gigantea) as a denture cleanser in acrylic immersion against the growth of Candida albicans: an experimental laboratory

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The high number of cases of tooth loss in Indonesia has led to the emergence of dentures. Dentures not appropriately kept clean can trigger cases of denture stomatitis due to Candida albicans. C. albicans is often detected on denture plates and causes denture stomatitis. Cleaning the dentures can prevent denture stomatitis, and chemical cleaning often uses synthetic materials such as alkaline peroxide. However, alkaline peroxide can cause side effects in the form of increased porosity on the surface of the acrylic plate, so an alternative natural ingredient, namely biduri leaves (Calotropis gigantea), is needed because it has various active compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which have antifungal effects. This study aimed to determine the effective inhibitory power of biduri leaf extract as a denture cleanser in acrylic immersion against the growth of C. albicans. Methods: Biduri leaves were extracted using the maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent to produce varying concentrations of 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The sample used in this research was an acrylic plate measuring 10x10x1 mm, soaked in artificial sterile saliva for 1 hour, then soaked in each sample group for 8 hours, after that it was placed in 10 ml of Sabouraud Dextrose Broth (SDB) media, and vibrated for 30 seconds using a mixing vortex, spreading 0,1ml SDB on Saboraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and incubated for 48 hours. The growth of C. albicans was observed and counted using the colony counting method. Result: This research showed an inhibitory power of biduri leaf extract in concentrations of 20, 30, 40, and 50% on the growth of C. albicans, with a concentration of 50%, having the most significant inhibitory power. Conclusion: Biduri leaf extract as a denture cleanser has an inhibitory power on the growth of C. albicans.KEYWORDS Biduri leaves, Calotropis gigantea, heat cured acrylic, Candida albicans

The Influence of The Soaking Period of Acrylic Resin in Basil Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) Extract towards The Growth of Candida Albicans

Denture hygiene, which is not taken care of, can lead to denture stomatitis caused by plaque accumulation and bacterial or fungal colonization. Fungal colonization is often found in Candida albicans. Denture cleanser that is characterized as nontoxic, antifungal, and antibacterial and can work in a short period is required. Basil leaf contains atsiri oil, flavonoid, saponin, and tannin, which works as antifungal and antibacterial. This study aims to identify the influence of the soaking period of acrylic resin in basil leaf extract on the growth of Candida albicans. 15 plates of acrylic resin were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 was soaked into 80% basil leaf extract concentration for 4 hours, group 2 was soaked for 6 hours, and group 3 was soaked for 8 hours. The result of the one-way ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference p< 0,05. The group with 8 hours of soaking period was the most effective in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans

Formulation and Assessment of Lipid-based Nanoformulation of Luliconazole

The luliconazole preformulation study aimed to determine the best way to administer medicine using SNEDDS. The plain white powder, luciconazole, showed a number of different crystal structures and was very soluble in isopropyl myristate and oleic acid, as confirmed through partition coefficients in n-octanol. With a robust linear standard curve at 295 nm, UV spectroscopy verified its dependability for analysis. Luliconazole and the necessary excipients for SNEDDS formulation were found to be compatible according to fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. Using a 32-factorial design enhanced the efficacy and stability of SN-7 batches, especially when diluted with water. Thermal studies revealed formulation dynamics-critical thermal behaviors and crystalline structures (DSC and XRD). The end SNEDDS showed a strong suppression of Candida albicans growth and a higher viscosity, allowing for longer surface retention. Ethical approval facilitated comparative evaluations against a commercial formulation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis validated SN-7’s purity, enabling a benchmark for monitoring luliconazole plasma concentrations post-application and ex-vivo permeation studies, vital for potential fungal infection treatments. A rigorous three-month stability study affirmed SN-7’s unwavering properties across diverse environmental conditions, ensuring sustained effectiveness. An IEAC-approved skin irritation study on albino wistar rats endorsed SN-7’s minimal irritancy, underscoring its safety and comfort, which is pivotal for pharmaceutical acceptance in topical drug delivery.

Antibacterial activity and mechanism of X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide against Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogenic bacterium widespread in human environments, especially in intensive care units, and is associated with high morbidity and infection rates. Multiple drug resistance in A. baumannii frequently leads to the death of patients, making the development of multi-effect antibacterial agents against this bacterium a research hotspot. We have previously found that the X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide can effectively inhibit the growth of Penicillium digitatum and Candida albicans. Herein, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide against A. baumannii by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition zone, and growth curve. The increase in extracellular alkaline phosphatase and the leakage of intracellular compounds confirmed the effect of X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide on the cell wall and membrane. Changes in reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, ATP, reducing sugar, soluble protein, and pyruvate content demonstrated that the incubation with X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide affected energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Consistent with the physiological characteristics, transcriptomics analysis indicated that incubation with X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide significantly induced changes in the expression of 2339 genes, including 1262 upregulated and 1077 downregulated genes, which participate in oxidative phosphorylation, ribosome, quorum sensing, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and citrate cycle pathways. These results provide a fundamental basis for investigating the mechanism of X33 antimicrobial oligopeptide as a potential drug against A. baumannii.

Assessing the effect of Artemisia sieberi extracts on surface roughness and candida growth of digitally processed denture acrylic materials.

Denture stomatitis, frequently encountered, is generally addressed symptomatically, with limited exploration of preventive approaches involving antifungal medicinal plants. This study assessed the impact of Artemisia sieberi extracts on the candida growth of conventional and digitally processed acrylic materials. Thirty acrylic resin discs (3 mm thickness × 10 mm diameter) were prepared by conventional or CAD/CAM technology (milling and 3D printing). The resin discs were exposed to simulated brushing, thermocycling, and immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract for 8 hours. The surface roughness of the discs was assessed at baseline and after immersion in Artemisia sieberi extract. Candida growth was quantified through colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Data was analyzed using SPSS v.22 (α⩽ 0.05). Irrespective of the material type, the post-immersion surface roughness was significantly higher compared to pre-immersion values (p< 0.05). Candida growth was significantly higher in conventional acrylic materials than digitally fabricated acrylics (p< 0.05). At × 3, Ra and CFU were found to be moderately positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.664, p= 0.149). At × 4, Ra and CFU were found to be weak positive and non-significantly correlated (R= 0.344, p= 0.503). Artemisia sieberi extracts had a notable impact on digitally fabricated denture acrylics, reducing candida albicans growth compared to conventional heat-cured acrylic. This suggests a potential role for these extracts in improving denture hygiene and preventing denture stomatitis, particularly in the context of digitally fabricated dentures.