Tissue Growth Factor Research Articles

Genistein Up-Regulates the Expression of EGF and E-Cadherin in the Treatment of Senile Vaginitis.

Investigating the therapeutic effect of genistein (Gen) on postmenopausal senile vaginitis (SV) and its mechanism of action. Adult SPF female Wistar rats were selected to establish a bilateral ovariectomized animal model (OVX), which simulated senile vaginitis dominated by estrogen deficiency in ovarian dysfunction. After 14 days of continuous treatment, the morphology of vaginal epithelial tissue was observed and various types of epithelial cells were counted, and the body mass and uterine and vaginal index of rats were measured. the levels of vaginal tissue secretion, microorganism, hormone and glycogen in each group were measured and the reproductive health was evaluated clinically. The protein expression and mRNA expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and E-cadherin (E-cadherin) in vaginal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. Result showed that Genistein lowered vaginal pH, increased vaginal index and vaginal health score, thickened epithelial layers and improved vaginal tissue atrophy after administration. Genistein also increased the contents of glycogen and Lactobacillus in vagina, and promoted the expression of EGF, E-cadherin protein and mRNA. To sum up, there is no significant change in serum E2 and FSH levels, indicating that genistein has no effect on hormone levels in rats. genistein promoted the proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells, thickened epithelial layers and the vaginal wall, which improved the resistance of vaginal epithelium, the recovery of self-cleaning ability and healed the vaginal wound and erosive surface to improve atrophy.

In Memoriam: Beatrice Mintz, PhD (1921–2022)

In Memoriam: Beatrice Mintz, PhD (1921–2022)

Effect of Tiaojingzhixue Fang on the expression of sex hormone and endometrial tissue mRNA in perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Tiaojingzhixue decoction on the expression of sex hormone and endometrial mRNA in perimenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. For this purpose, 84 patients with perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding who were treated in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were divided into study group and control group, the control group was treated with mifepristone for six months, the clinical efficacy, time of symptom relief and disappearance, endometrial thickness, menstrual volume, adverse events, expression of sex hormone (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), Lutropin (LH), Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Estradiol (e2) and Vascular endothelial growth factor in endometrial tissue were compared between the two groups. The results showed that the clinical efficacy of the study group (97.61%) was significantly higher than the control group (80.95%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness between the two groups before treatment, but after treatment for 1 month, 3 months and 6 months, endometrial thickness was thinner in the study group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in menstrual volume between the two groups before treatment (P <0.05), but it was lower in the study group (P <0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.90% lower than in the control group (26.19%). The expression levels of ER, PR, LH, FSH and E2 were almost the same before treatment and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05), but they were lower in the study group after treatment (P<0.05). Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the level of VEGF between the two groups (P>0.05); after treatment, the level of Vegf in the study group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of Vegf in both groups was significantly higher than before treatment (P<0.05). In general, Tiaojingzhixue decoction can decrease the level of sex hormone and increase the expression of VEGF in patients with perimenopausal abnormal uterine bleeding.

PREDICTORS AND PREMORBID CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEMALE GENITAL CANCER, IN PARTICULAR ENDOMETRY CANCER AND BREAST CANCER

Objective: to review a new potential diagnostic criteria for predictors and premorbid conditions of female genital cancer, including endometrial cancer and breast cancer.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Bibliographic, information-analytical methods were used in the work. Sources of information were data from the scientific literature on the topic of the study, modern gadleins, a review of randomized controlled trials.&#x0D; Results. The results of epidemiological studies suggest that the increased risk of cancer of the female reproductive system is the presence of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Potential mechanisms of their association are hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Because insulin is a major regulator of cell metabolism and is a tissue growth factor, hyperinsulinemia increases the risk of cancer. Hyperinsulinemia is associated with increased secretion of androgens by the ovaries and decreased levels of the protein that binds sex hormones, leading to higher concentrations of biologically active estrogens, which are also known to be risk factors for female genital cancer. In recent years, PFAA profiles have been found to be significantly altered in cancer and type 2 diabetes. Because cancer cells require certain amino acids to synthesize DNA, tumor growth factors, build new blood vessels, and duplicate all of their protein content, changes in PFAA profiles can be used as biomarkers of disease and different types of cancer at different stages.&#x0D; Conclusions. With the growing incidence of cancer, the issue of early diagnosis and detection of cancer in the pre-clinical stages remains relevant. Protein metabolism in cancer remains unclear and requires further research using a larger sample size. In addition, the biological mechanisms by which amino acids may contribute to the risk and progression of cancer or other premorbid conditions need to be elucidated. Determining the exact mechanism underlying changes in PFAA profiles has great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of cellular communication network factor 2/connective tissue growth factor on tube formation by endothelial cells derived from human periodontal ligaments

ObjectivesTo clarify the role of cellular communication network factor 2/connective tissue growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) in periodontal tissue regeneration by investigating, the proliferative and tubulogenic responses of human endothelial cells obtained from the periodontal ligament to CCN2/CTGF. DesignEndothelial cells were seeded on agar gel medium with or without 50 ng/mL recombinant CCN2/CTGF (rCCN2/CTGF) and cultured for 6 h. Cells were morphologically and phenotypically analyzed by immunofluorescent microscopy. A colorimetric assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for ultrastructural analysis. ResultsThe proliferation of endothelial cells was best promoted by rCCN2/CTGF at 50 ng/mL. In the control group, tube formation was not observed within 6 h. In contrast, endothelial cells seeded on the agar with 50 ng/mL rCCN2/CTGF clearly showed proliferation with network formation. Under a two-dimensional culture condition, a dense network of endothelial cells was not constructed on the plastic bottom. However, drastic morphological change was observed in the endothelial cells on the agar containing rCCN2/CTGF. The endothelial cells in the dense network were interconnected with each other and showed a tube-like structure. Tight junctions or adherens junctions were observed between the adjoining endothelial cells in the dense network. ConclusionsCCN2/CTGF was found to promote the proliferation and tubulogenesis of endothelial cells from the periodontal ligament. These results suggest that CCN2/CTGF may contribute to the regeneration of damaged periodontal tissue by activating the remaining endothelial cells.

Platelet-Rich Plasma: Fundamentals and Clinical Applications

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is perhaps the most widely studied of the biologic therapies, with an ever-growing body of evidence supporting its safety and efficacy in decreasing inflammation and pain and promoting healing in the setting of both nonoperative and operative treatments. PRP is produced by the centrifugation of whole blood, isolating its constituent parts based on their unique densities. These density gradients can be selectively harvested so as to obtain different concentrations of various blood product components, such as platelets and leukocytes. A precise and consistent method for describing the essential characteristics of different PRP formulations is critical for both practical and research purposes. The concentration of platelets, method of activation, and the total number of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and neutrophils relative to baseline values are all of particular importance in accurately describing a PRP formulation. The biologic activity of PRP is manifold: platelet α granules promote the release of various growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor and tissue growth factor β, while inflammation is modulated through inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. PRP has been convincingly shown to be efficacious in the setting of patellar tendinopathies, knee osteoarthritis, and lateral epicondylitis. In fact, several recent randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the superiority of PRP over both corticosteroids and hyaluronic acid in treating knee OA-related symptoms. There is also substantial promise for the utility of PRP in treating partial hamstring tears and as an adjunct to rotator cuff (RC) repair, especially in the setting of small- to medium-sized tears, where it appears to exert substantial analgesic effects and promote enhanced rates of RC repair healing.

Differential effects of rat ADSCs encapsulation in fibrin matrix and combination delivery of BDNF and Gold nanoparticles on peripheral nerve regeneration

BackgroundFibrin as an extracellular matrix feature like biocompatibility, creates a favorable environment for proliferation and migration of cells and it can act as a reservoir for storage and release of growth factors in tissue engineering.MethodsIn this study, the inner surface of electrospun poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous conduit was biofunctionalized with laminin containing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and gold nanoparticles in chitosan nanoparticle. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, including autograft group as the positive control, PLGA conduit coated by laminin and filled with DMEM/F12, PLGA conduit coated by laminin and filled with rat-adipose derived stem cells (r-ADSCs), PLGA conduit coated by laminin containing gold-chitosan nanoparticles (AuNPs-CNPs), BDNF-chitosan nanoparticles (BDNF-CNPs) and filled with r-ADSCs or filled with r-ADSCs suspended in fibrin matrix, and they were implanted into a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve gap. Eventually, axonal regeneration and functional recovery were assessed after 12 weeks.ResultsAfter 3 months post-surgery period, the results showed that in the PLGA conduit filled with r-ADSCs without fibrin matrix group, positive effects were obtained as compared to other implanted groups by increasing the sciatic functional index significantly (p < 0.05). In addition, the diameter nerve fibers had a significant difference mean in the PLGA conduit coated by laminin and conduit filled with r-ADSCs in fibrin matrix groups relative to the autograft group (p < 0.001). However, G-ratio and amplitude (AMP) results showed that fibrin matrix might have beneficial effects on nerve regeneration but, immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR outcomes indicated that the implanted conduit which filled with r-ADSCs, with or without BDNF-CNPs and AuNPs-CNPs had significantly higher expression of S100 and MBP markers than other conduit implanted groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt seems, in this study differential effects of fibrin matrix, could be interfered it with other factors thereby and further studies are required to determine the distinctive effects of fibrin matrix combination with other exogenous factors in peripheral nerve regeneration.

Distribution Networks Achieve Uniform Perfusion through Geometric Self-Organization.

A generic flow distribution network typically does not deliver its load at a uniform rate across a service area, instead oversupplying regions near the nutrient source while leaving downstream regions undersupplied. In this Letter we demonstrate how a local adaptive rule coupling tissue growth with nutrient density results in a flow network that self-organizes to deliver nutrients uniformly. This geometric adaptive rule can be generalized and imported to mechanics-based adaptive models to address the effects of spatial gradients in nutrients or growth factors in tissues.

Monitoring intraocular proangiogenic and profibrotic cytokines within 7 days after adjunctive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

To monitor the intraocular proangiogenic and profibrotic cytokine profiles within 7 days after intravitreous injection of conbercept (IVC) for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This prospective, randomized controlled, consecutive, comparativestudy included 157 eyes with PDR. Participant eyes underwent shamIVC or IVC and subsequent vitrectomy at days 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 postinjection. Theintraocular cytokines profiles were measured using beaded assay methods. After IVC, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A level in PDR vitreous decreased rapidly by approximately 10 times at day 2 (p = 0.00001) and kept at a low level at days 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (p < 0.001, each compared with IVC-sham group). Similar tendency of the change in VEGF-A was observed in aqueous humour. The level of placenta growth factor (PIGF) in aqueous humour decreased 2 days after IVC whereas returned to baseline level after 5 days. The vitreous profibrotic cytokines, tissue growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3 and connective tissue growth factor did not increase after IVC in each group. We observed a remarkable and rapid decrease in intraocular VEGF-A, temporal decrease in PIGF from day 2 to day 4, increase in VEGF-C and VEGF-D from day 2 onwards, but no profibrotic switch in PDR eyes after IVC. The findings might suggest that ideal vitrectomy timing might be around 3 days after IVC.

The MCM3AP-AS1/miR-126/VEGF axis regulates cancer cell invasion and migration in endometrioid carcinoma

BackgroundLong non-coding RNA (lncRNA) MCM3AP-AS1 plays an oncogenic role in several malignancies, but its role in endometrioid carcinoma (EC) is unclear. This study was carried out to explore the role of MCM3AP-AS1 in EC.MethodsA total of 60 EC patients were enrolled in this study. Expression levels of MCM3AP Antisense RNA 1 (MCM3AP-AS1), microRNA-126 (miR-126), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in tissues and transfetced cells were measured by RT-qPCR. Cell transfections were performed to explore the interaction among MCM3AP-AS1, miR-126 and VEGF. Transwell assays were perfromed to evaluate the invasion and migration abilities of HEC-1 cells after transfection.ResultsMCM3AP-AS1 was upregulated in EC and predicted poor survival. MCM3AP-AS1 directly interacted with miR-126. In EC cells, overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 and miR-126 did not significantly affect the expression of each other. In addition, overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 increased the expression levels of VEGF, a target of miR-126. Moreover, overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 and VEGF increased the migration and invasion rates of EC cells, while overexpression of miR-126 suppressed these cell behaviors. Overexpression of MCM3AP-AS1 attenuated the role of miR-126 in cell invasion and migration.ConclusionsTherefore, MCM3AP-AS1 may serve as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-126 to upregulate VEGF, thereby regulating cancer cell behaviors in EC.

Application of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials Combined with Early Exercise Rehabilitation Training in the Treatment of Patients with Infectious Bone Defects

Methods of treating bone defects include autogenous bone and allogeneic bone transplantation, tissue engineering technology, gene therapy, growth factor and adjuvant therapy of physical therapy, etc. However, most treatment schemes have obvious disadvantages. The purpose of this paper is to study the application of graphene-based nanomaterials combined with early exercise rehabilitation training in the treatment of patients with infectious bone defects. The biomedical properties and biomedical applications of graphene are briefly introduced through literature research and investigation, and bone defect diseases and commonly used treatment methods are analyzed. Graphene is used in many biomedical fields, such as disease diagnosis, biosensing, antibacterial and antiviral materials, cancer targeting, photothermal therapy, drug delivery, cell electrical stimulation, tissue engineering, stem cell technology, DNA sequencing and fluorescent (FL) tracking molecular probes. The effects of graphene-based nanomaterials and rehabilitation exercise on the treatment of infectious bone defects were compared through controlled experiments. The results show that although the repair effect of graphene-based nano-materials is not as good as that of autogenous bone, the difference is not significant, and it is better than calcium phosphate cement. After rehabilitation exercise, the curative effect of graphene experimental group was improved. In the 12th week, the tensile strength reached 5.78 N, and the torsional strength reached 0.93 N m, which exceeded the group of autogenous bone without rehabilitation exercise. This paper discusses the strength-related repair effect, but the in vivo toxicity of graphene needs further study.

A novel murine model of pulmonary fibrosis: the role of platelets in chronic changes induced by bleomycin

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease that causes scarring and destruction of lung tissue that is ultimately fatal. There is a need to develop improved treatments for IPF. One problem with identifying novel treatments of IPF is the poor predictability of current preclinical models. Few model investigate lung function changes, rather relying on histological changes which doesn't adequately reflect the complete clinical situation. The aim of this study was to establish a novel model of pulmonary fibrosis where we could investigate changes in lung function, and histology. We have also utilised this model to investigate the role of platelets in pulmonary fibrosis as platelets have been recognised as having a broader role than just facilitating haemostasis.Lung fibrosis was induced in male C57BL6/J mice by intranasal bleomycin on Days 0, 1, 2, 5, 6 and 7. Platelets were depleted by twice-weekly administration of anti-platelet antibodies. On Day 35 mice were assessed by examining lung function, platelet infiltration into lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL), levels of BAL Tissue growth factor (TGF)-β levels, and the degree of fibrosis evaluated histologically.Repeated bleomycin administration caused loss of lung function associated with fibrosis assessed histologically. Platelet depletion resulted in a reduction in fibrosis and modest inhibition of lung function changes.We have established a novel model of pulmonary fibrosis that is associated with a decline in lung function similar to the clinical setting. Furthermore, platelet depletion resulted in a less severe fibrosis suggesting that targeting platelets maybe worth further investigation.

Evaluation of genetic stability in olive callus-induced and meristem-induced shoots using flow cytometry and amplified fragment length polymorphism techniques

BackgroundIn vitro culture of olive, as an economically valuable tree, has fundamentally a genotype-dependant low micropropagation rate which needs to be improved in already established and newly released cultivars. Various plant tissue culture media, planting systems and growth factors were evaluated in two promissing Iranian olive cultivars ˈAminˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ and the commercial Spanish cultivar ˈArbequinaˈ.ResultsThe results showed that cultivars have their specific optimal media, i.e. ˈAminˈ in the MS with 4 mg/L zeatin, ˈArbequinaˈ in the OM with 1 mg/L zeatin, and ˈMeshkatˈ in the OM and MS with 2 mg/L zeatin, which produced significantly a higher number of axillary shoots than other media. The results also indicated a significant improvement in the growth indices of ˈAminˈ (number of axillary shoots) when cultured using periodical mini bioreactor (PMB) in the VS medium. In comparison with VS, OM did not reveal any significant differences when both culturing systems (PMB and semi-solid media (SSM)) were used.Regarding the effect of carbon source and light intensity, mannitol and 2000 cd sr m−2 greatly enhanced ˈArbequinaˈ growth indices (main shoot length and growth quality). The results of genetic stability of callus induced shoots (CIS) and meristem induced shoots (MIS) revealed that 2C DNA value assessed by partec flow cytometery (FCM) had 0.01, 0.03 and 0.08 pg discrepencies in ˈAminˈ, ˈArbequinaˈ and ˈMeshkatˈ, repectively. The Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) results also indicated that the cultivars were classified regardless of the micropropagation origin (CIS or MIS), except for ˈArbequinaˈ. The AFLP findings showed that ˈArbequinaˈ had the highest dispersal (7–38%) in CIS and MIS, while the Iranian cultivar of ˈMeshkatˈ (5–9%) had the highest stability.ConclusionsThis study indicated the importance of in vitro growth parameters for improving the micropropagation indices of olive cultivars. It showed that optimized protocols (OM, PMB, zeatin, mannitol and 2000 cd sr m−2) co-produced larger calli resulting in indirect organogenesis. Based on FCM and AFLP analysis, it can be concluded that true-to-typeness of micropropagated olive was cultivar-dependent.

Does Platelet-Rich Fibrin Enhance the Early Angiogenetic Potential of Different Bone Substitute Materials? An In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis.

The impaired angiogenic potential of bone substitute materials (BSMs) may limit regenerative processes. Therefore, changes in the angiogenetic properties of different BSMs in combination with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in comparison to PRF alone, as well as to native BSMs, were analyzed in vitro and in vivo to evaluate possible clinical application. In vitro, four BSMs of different origins (allogeneic, alloplastic, and xenogeneic) were biofunctionalized with PRF and compared to PRF in terms of platelet interaction and growth factor release (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tissue growth factor ß (TGFß) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)) after 15 min. To visualize initial cell–cell interactions, SEM was performed. In vivo, all BSMs (±PRF) were analyzed after 24 h for new-formed vessels using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Especially for alloplastic BSMs, the addition of PRF led to a significant consumption of platelets (p = 0.05). PDGF expression significantly decreased in comparison to PRF alone (all BSMs: p < 0.013). SEM showed the close spatial relation of each BSM and PRF. In vivo, PRF had a significant positive pro-angiogenic influence in combination with alloplastic (p = 0.007) and xenogeneic materials (p = 0.015) in comparison to the native BSMs. For bio-activated xenogeneic BSMs, the branching points were also significantly increased (p = 0.005). Finally, vessel formation was increased for BSMs and PRF in comparison to the native control (allogeneic: p = 0.046; alloplastic: p = 0.046; and xenogeneic: p = 0.050). An early enhancement of angiogenetic properties was demonstrated when combining BSMs with PRF in vitro and led to upregulated vessel formation in vivo. Thus, the use of BSMs in combination with PRF may trigger bony regeneration in clinical approaches.

ОЦЕНКА ФАКТОРОВ РИСКА ПРОГРЕССИРОВАНИЯ ВТОРИЧНЫХ ГЛОМЕРУЛОПАТИЙ У ДЕТЕЙ

The problem of glomerular kidney damage remains relevant in pediatric nephrology due to the variety of reasons for its development and tendency to progression. According to the data of the Belarusian Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, glomerulopathies (GP) occupy 2nd place in the structure of the causes of end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD). The peculiarities of the course of GP dictate the need to search for informative predictors of the risk of adverse events, which will predict and prevent renal damage with a high degree of probability. Purpose of the study: to determine the rate of progression of secondary GP in children and to establish the main risk factors for its development. Materials and methods. 118 patients who were under observation and treatment at the Belarusian Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy of the "2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital" in Minsk, aged 3 to 17 years, were included in the study. We used the method of continuous targeted selection of patients with morphologically verified kidney damage due to the systemic disease. The analysis of the data of 4 study groups was carried out: 1) children with SLE, lupus nephritis (LN), retrospective group, n = 30; 2) children with SLE, LN, prospective group, n = 35; 3) patients with nephritis due to IgA vasculitis Schoenlein- Henoch (IgAV), n = 33; 4) patients with nephritis due to systemic vasculitis (SV), including ANCA-associated (AAV), n = 20. The duration of the period from the onset of the disease to reaching the 3rd stage of CKD and predictors that determine the rate of progression of GP using Kaplan-Meier method was studied. Results. Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, immunological (blood concentration of markers of T and B lymphocyte activation RANTES and BAFF), proinflammatory (caspase 1, IL1e and TNFa), vascular (VEGF) and tissue (TGF1fi) growth factors), metabolic status (adiponectin, leptin, obestatin, vitamin D 25 (OH) D), instrumental, morphological changes were analyzed. Each of the variables was considered as a likely risk factor for the progression of GP. Conclusion. A mathematical model has been developed for predicting the risk of progression of secondary GP in children, including risk factors as predictors: anamnestic factors of kidney damage, non-compliance with therapy, persistent nephrotic proteinuria, increased serum creatinine over 200 umol/l. The predictive accuracy of the model was 93,6 % (95 % CI 84,8-100 %).

СОСТОЯНИЕ СЕРДЕЧНО-СОСУДИСТОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У ДЕТЕЙ РЕЦИПИЕНТОВ ПОЧЕЧНОГО ТРАНСПЛАНТАТА

Damage of the cardiovascular system (cardiovascular disease, CVD) is the main cause of reduced life expectancy in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the development of damage of the heart and blood vessels, both traditional factors and caused by impaired renal function, which appear already in the early stages of kidney disease, play a role. Purpose of the study: assessment of markers of the structure, function and metabolism of the heart and study of their changes in children, kidney transplant recipients. Materials and methods. 54 children, a kidney transplant recipients (Tx), who were under observation and treatment at the National Center for Pediatric Nephrology and Renal Replacement Therapy, Minsk 2nd Children's City Clinical Hospital, aged 3 to 17 years, were included in the study. The analysis of the data of the Tx group and conditionally divided subgroups: 1) with glomerular disease leading to the end stage of CKD (ESRD), n = 26; 2) with non-glomerular pathology, n = 27, in one patient the cause of ESRD was not specified. The control group consisted of healthy children from cardiology department without kidney pathology (n = 86). Results. Anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, immunological (serum concentration of T- and B-lymphocyte activation markers (RANTES and BAFF), proinflammatory (caspase 1, IL1fi and TNFa), vascular (VEGF) and tissue (TGF1p) growth factors), metabolic status (adyponectin, leptin, obestatin, vitamin D 25(OH)D), cardiospecific molecules (highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), proBNP, transferrin, TSAT index), instrumental changes. Conclusion. Changes in the cardiovascular system in Tx are ambiguous. On the one hand, there is a significant improvement in the geometry of the myocardium and arterial hypertension, on the other hand, the atherogenic direction of metabolic changes and biochemical markers of CVD remains.

Regeneración ósea como un ejemplo de ingeniería tisular en odontología, con énfasis en el desarrollo de los andamios

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary scientific area which has the therapeutic purpose of restoring, replacing or increasing the functional activities of organic tissues.Objectives: The objective of this work is to review the literature on tissue engineering at the level of the bucomaxilofacial area. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out through the portals PubMed MEDLINE, Google Scholar and LILACS, using the terms “stem cells, bone regeneration and tissue growth factors”. Results: 193 positive results were obtained, of which 24 were used for the development of this work. Discussion: Several biomaterials capable of promoting bone neoformation have been exposed, its correct manipulation, the conformation of an adequate architecture and the synergy of the various properties being essential. Conclusions: Scaffolds are the ones that offer the greatest offer for their use and the choice of each one does not depend on the material itself.

The Effect of Aerobic Training on Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha &amp; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Expression in Cardiac Tissue of Diabetic Rats

Objective: The goal of this research was to determine the influence of 4 weeks aerobic training on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were partitioned into three groups (n=10), diabetic aerobic training, diabetic control and healthy control (n=10). Induction of type 2diabetes (T2DM) was done by intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin. The progressive aerobic training protocol entailed 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week running on treadmill at velocity of 20 m/min for 60 min. The gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and HIF-1α were measured by real time &amp; PCR. One way analysis of variance and bonferroni test were applied to analysis the data. The significant level was set at P-value&lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The results indicated that the aerobic training induced significant decrease in TNF-α mRNA (P-value&lt; 0.001) and significant increase in HIF-1α mRNA (P-value&lt; 0.001) and VEGF mRNA (P-value&lt; 0.001) compared to diabetic control group.&#x0D; Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training with reduction of TNF-α issues an affirmative effect on angiogenesis, as a result, it improves diabetic cardiac.

Effect of mandibular advancement device treatment on HIF-1\u03b1, EPO and VEGF in the myocardium of obstructive sleep apnea\u2013hypopnea syndrome rabbits

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mandibular advancement device (MAD) therapy for obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) on hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), erythropoietin (EPO) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in myocardial tissue. New Zealand rabbits were used to develop OSAHS and MAD models. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) of the upper airway and polysomnography (PSG) recordings were performed with the animals in the supine position. All of the animals were induced to sleep in a supine position for 4–6 h each day and were observed continuously for 8 weeks. The myocardial tissue of the three groups was dissected to measure the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF. The results showed that there was higher expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the OSAHS group than those in the MAD and control groups. MAD treatment significantly downregulated the expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in the OSAHS animals. We concluded that MAD treatment could significantly downregulate the increased expression of HIF-1α, EPO and VEGF in OSAHS rabbits, improving their myocardial function.

Hypoxic induction of CCN2 mRNA through p38 MAP kinase activation in the human chondrosarcoma‐derived cell line, HCS‐2/8

AbstractCCN2/CTGF (cellular communication network factor 2/connective tissue growth factor) plays critical roles in cartilage development, maintenance, and regeneration. Hypoxia‐induced expression of CCN2 mRNA is regulated post‐transcriptionally in the human chondrosarcoma‐derived cell line, HCS‐2/8. In the present study, the hypoxia‐induced increase in CCN2 mRNA expression was assessed with quantitative real‐time PCR in HCS‐2/8 cells in the presence of inhibitors of mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Subsequently, the stability of CCN2 mRNA in hypoxia was evaluated with mRNA degradation assays in the presence or absence of the selective p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. We detected phosphorylation of p38 MAPK by immunoblot analysis within 30 minutes in hypoxia, and we observed ~twofold higher CCN2 mRNA levels in hypoxia compared to normoxia. Blockade of p38 MAPK activation with 10 µmol/L SB203580 abolished this CCN2 induction. Furthermore, we found that inhibition of p38 MAPK suppressed the elongation of CCN2 mRNA half‐life in hypoxia. Taken together, these findings suggest that the molecular mechanism, by which CCN2 mRNA expression is increased in hypoxia, induces the activation of p38 MAPK leading to the post‐transcriptional regulation of the stability of CCN2 mRNA.