Abstract
Objective: The goal of this research was to determine the influence of 4 weeks aerobic training on gene expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats.
 Materials and Methods: In an experimental study, 30 male wistar rats were partitioned into three groups (n=10), diabetic aerobic training, diabetic control and healthy control (n=10). Induction of type 2diabetes (T2DM) was done by intraperitoneal infusion of streptozotocin. The progressive aerobic training protocol entailed 4 weeks, 5 sessions per week running on treadmill at velocity of 20 m/min for 60 min. The gene expression of TNF-α, VEGF and HIF-1α were measured by real time & PCR. One way analysis of variance and bonferroni test were applied to analysis the data. The significant level was set at P-value< 0.05.
 Results: The results indicated that the aerobic training induced significant decrease in TNF-α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and significant increase in HIF-1α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and VEGF mRNA (P-value< 0.001) compared to diabetic control group.
 Conclusion: It appears that aerobic training with reduction of TNF-α issues an affirmative effect on angiogenesis, as a result, it improves diabetic cardiac.
Highlights
Lack of physical activity is related to an increase in weight and metabolic disorders such as Diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes (T2DM)) [1]
The results indicated that the aerobic training induced significant decrease in TNF-α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and significant increase in HIF-1α mRNA (P-value< 0.001) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA (P-value< 0.001) compared to diabetic control group
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activates transcriptional pathways that cause oxidative stress, the induced oxidative stress and inflammation interact with each other to destroy the cells [4].TNF-α exerts an important role in the progress of insulin resistance and reduces the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression, which is predominantly present in adipocytes and heart muscles [5]
Summary
Lack of physical activity is related to an increase in weight and metabolic disorders such as Diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes (T2DM)) [1]. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) activates transcriptional pathways that cause oxidative stress, the induced oxidative stress and inflammation interact with each other to destroy the cells [4].TNF-α exerts an important role in the progress of insulin resistance and reduces the glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) expression, which is predominantly present in adipocytes and heart muscles [5]. Recent studies have shown that aerobic training is effective on vascular function of T2DM rats [18,19].Stimulating angiogenesis and reducing glucose indicates a significant adaptation of exercise training in improving blood flow and developing insulin delivery for glucose removal. Regarding the role of T2DM in the process of inflammation and angiogenesis and the efficacy of aerobic training on the improvement of hyperglycemia and T2DM, in the present study, the influence of 4 weeks of aerobic training on TNF-α, HIF-1α and VEGF gene expression in the cardiac texture of diabetic rats is investigated
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