Growth Behavior Research Articles

Effect of the Seed Layer on the Growth and Charge Transfer Behavior of Zn2SnO4 Nanorods in Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.

The growth of Zn2SnO4 nanorods on two differently prepared ZnO seed layers is demonstrated using a hydrothermal approach. The ZnO seed layers are prepared using dip-coating and electrodeposition techniques. The grown Zn2SnO4 nanorods are in the cubic phase. However, the different seed layers result in alternation in the diameter of grown Zn2SnO4 nanorods. The photocurrent of Zn2SnO4 nanorods grown on an electrodeposited ZnO seed layer is ∼4.5 times larger than that of Zn2SnO4 grown on a dip-coated ZnO seed layer. The Nyquist plots of Zn2SnO4 nanorods on the electrodeposited ZnO seed layer result in a lower charge transfer resistance (Rct = 37.7 Ω) and a lower bulk resistance (Rbulk = 64 kΩ), improving the charge transport properties. The change in diameter of Zn2SnO4 nanorods significantly alters the charge transfer behavior. The calculated charge injection efficiency did not exhibit a significant change. However, there was a 1.6-fold enhancement observed in the charge separation efficiency for Zn2SnO4 when grown on an electrodeposited seed layer.

Effect of heterologous expression of FT gene from Medicago truncatula in growth and flowering behavior of olive plants.

Olive (Olea europaea L. subsp. europaea) is one of the most important crops of the Mediterranean Basin and temperate areas worldwide. Obtaining new olive varieties adapted to climatic changing conditions and to modern agricultural practices, as well as other traits such as biotic and abiotic stress resistance and increased oil quality, is currently required; however, the long juvenile phase, as in most woody plants, is the bottleneck in olive breeding programs. Overexpression of genes encoding the 'florigen' Flowering Locus T (FT), can cause the loss of the juvenile phase in many perennials including olives. In this investigation, further characterization of three transgenic olive lines containing an FT encoding gene from Medicago truncatula, MtFTa1, under the 35S CaMV promoter, was carried out. While all three lines flowered under in vitro conditions, one of the lines stopped flowering after acclimatisation. In soil, all three lines exhibited a modified plant architecture; e.g., a continuous branching behaviour and a dwarfing growth habit. Gene expression and hormone content in shoot tips, containing the meristems from which this phenotype emerged, were examined. Higher levels of OeTFL1, a gene encoding the flowering repressor TERMINAL FLOWER 1, correlated with lack of flowering. The branching phenotype correlated with higher content of salicylic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and isopentenyl adenosine, and lower content of abscisic acid. The results obtained confirm that heterologous expression of MtFTa1 in olive induced continuous flowering independently of environmental factors, but also modified plant architecture. These phenotypical changes could be related to the altered hormonal content in transgenic plants.

Self-assembled monolayer regulates lithium nucleation and growth for stable lithium metal anodes

As the “holy grail” anode material for next-generation lithium batteries, the application of lithium metal has been long hindered due to the uncontrolled dendrites. Organic polymer coatings have shown advantages in regulating the ion diffusion and reducing the surface energy of the substrate, with which large lithium nucleis and better cycle stability can be obtained, whereas the electronic insulation property of the thick polymer is adverse for lithium deposition. Hence, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are anchored onto the surface of planar copper via a spontaneous thiol-to-copper reaction to obtain the modified current collectors with lower surface energy. The electron/ion transfer and lithiophilicity of the planar copper are adjusted by changing the length of the alkyl length and the ending groups. Therefore, lithium nucleation and growth behaviors are regulated, and large dough-like nucleis are generated on the planar copper grafted with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (Cu-MPA), displaying a nucleation overpotential of 17.6 mV and a reversible Coulombic efficiency of 98.4 % over 250 cycles (0.5 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2). This strategy provides a new avenue to achieve a stable Cu/Li interface and lithium metal anodes since the very beginning of the lithium nucleation.

The fatigue crack growth behavior of hydrogenated 9Cr‐1Mo steel: An experimental and numerical study

AbstractThis research investigates the fatigue crack evolution in P91 steel through experiments and extended finite element method (XFEM) simulation for as‐received and hydrogenated conditions. Hydrogen pre‐charging is performed using a constant current electrochemical method in 1 M sulfuric acid solution. The study compares the experimental fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) of hydrogenated and as‐received conditions and employs an XFEM simulation to replicate FCGR. The results of the experiments reveal an increased FCGR in hydrogenated specimens. Fracture surface analysis confirms the co‐occurrence of the “hydrogen‐enhanced localized plasticity” (HELP) and “hydrogen‐enhanced decohesion” (HEDE) mechanism (HELP+HEDE, HEDE>HELP). The simulation results closely align with the experimental findings, validating the model's accuracy. Consequently, these findings are the basis for proposing a damage tolerance approach‐based numerical algorithm. This algorithm allows the prediction of component integrity by considering a known crack length. Furthermore, fracture toughness (KIQ) was experimentally evaluated to enhance the understanding of the material's mechanical properties.

Molecular dynamics simulation of effects of loading parameters on fatigue crack growth behavior in titanium single crystal

AbstractThe fatigue crack growth behavior in single‐crystal titanium with a prismatic crack was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD) considering the effects of applied temperature, strain ratio, and strain rate. The results indicate that the material exhibits transient cyclic hardening behavior and dominant cyclic softening behavior. The peak tensile stress decreases with increasing temperature or decreasing strain rate. The deformation mechanism for crack growth involves prismatic dislocation emission and the formation of vacancy defects at different loading conditions. Deformation twinning occurs at the highest temperature, and a secondary crack emerges at the highest strain rate. The Mises stress concentration at the twin boundary and the coalescence between the initial and secondary cracks may accelerate crack propagation. The ΔJ shows good linear relationships with fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR), indicating that ΔJ possesses the potential to assess fatigue crack growth behavior at the atomic scale for ductile metallic materials.

Effect of surface coating on fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior of AISI D2 tool steel

To study the effect of the specimen surface coating on the fatigue life and fatigue crack growth behavior, rotating bending fatigue tests were performed with a specimen coated with a TiCN thin film on AISI D2 tool steel (JIS SKD11) and a bare specimen without coating. Fatigue cracks developed inside the specimen because compressive residual stress was present on the surface of the coated and bare materials. The fatigue crack growth behavior of the internal cracks was investigated with the two-stage double-stress experimental method proposed by the authors. The fatigue life estimated from the fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior of the internal cracks and the experimental results agreed. Furthermore, a method was proposed that can easily evaluate the effect of residual stress on fatigue life and FCG behavior. The evaluation and experimental results are in good agreement. In addition, the effects of atmospheric and vacuum conditions on FCG behavior are discussed.

Effects of Cr on the abnormal grain growth of Cu-Al-Mn-Ni-Cr superelastic alloy

Composition design is one of the effective methods to promote abnormal grain growth (AGG) behavior. In this study, a series of CuAlMnNi-Crx (x = 0, 0.5 and 1 at%) alloys are designed to study the effects of Cr on the AGG behavior during the cyclic heat treatments (CHTs) of CuAlMnNiCr alloy. The results indicate that adding 0.5% Cr can promote the AGG behavior, in which the average grain size of the (Cu71.6Al17Mn11.4)97.5Ni2.0Cr0.5 (0.5Cr) is about 1.5 times of that for (Cu71.6Al17Mn11.4)98.0Ni2 (0Cr) after 2 CHTs. Remarkably, the activation energy of grain boundary migration (Q) of 0.5Cr (= 90 kJ/mol) is similar to that of 0Cr (= 91 kJ/mol), while the subgrain boundary energy (ΔGs) of 0.5Cr (= 6.9×10−2 J/mol) is significantly higher than that of 0Cr (= 4.7×10−2 J/mol). The higher subgrain misorientation of 0.5Cr (= 1.25°), as compared with that of 0Cr (= 0.72°) is the main reason. Thus, tuning Cr content can promote the AGG behavior of the CuAlMnNiCr alloy, through controlling the subgrain misorientation. Moreover, a maximum of 13.0% superelastic strain is obtained after adding 0.5% Cr.

Metal magnetic memory characterization of fatigue crack propagation of Q345qD bridge steel under the influence of stress ratio

Fatigue fracture failure has been one of the major causes of damage in steel bridges. To better use fracture mechanics to study this failure behavior, the fatigue crack growth behavior of bridge steel plates under different stress ratios was investigated by metal magnetic memory nondestructive testing technique. The changes of magnetic signals during fatigue crack growth were recorded and analyzed, and then the magnetic signal characterization method of fatigue crack growth length was discussed both theoretically and experimentally. The stress ratio was incorporated into the model to establish a quantitative relationship equation between the magnetic signal characteristic and the crack growth length. Subsequently, the proposed relationship was applied to the fatigue crack growth remaining life prediction study and verified by experimental results. The results showed that the magnetic signal gradient is suitable as a characteristic parameter to quantitatively evaluate the fatigue crack growth length, and the relative errors between the prediction results and the test results were all within 15 %.

Control of Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation, Nucleation, and Growth of L‐Menthol Single Crystals from Water–Ethanol Solvent Mixtures

AbstractL‐Menthol is a commonly used material in food production for flavor enhancement and fragrances, as well as in pharmaceuticals. However, during the solution crystallization process of L‐menthol, there is a major issue of oiling out or liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in most organic solvents and their mixtures. The objective of the current work is to prevent the LLPS phenomenon and grow high‐quality single crystals of L‐menthol. A water–ethanol mixed solvent with nine different mixing ratios is used, ranging from 0.99W:0.01E to 0.91W:0.09E, through the conventional slow evaporation process. The findings indicate that the mixing composition of the solvent plays a significant role in the variation of solubility, refractive index, LLPS, nucleation, and crystallization. This is clearly demonstrated in the phase diagram. The occurrence of LLPS phenomenon, nucleation, growth behavior, and morphology of L‐menthol single crystals through optical microscopy is identified. Additionally, the internal structure and thermal stability of the grown polymorphs using PXRD, SCXRD, and DSC analyses are confirmed.

Full‐scale testing of near‐neutral pH stress corrosion cracking growth behavior of a vintage X52 oil pipe

AbstractThis study presents an experimental investigation conducted on a 40‐year‐old vintage X52 oil pipe segment to assess the growth behavior of near‐neutral pH stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Six cracks were introduced on the pipe specimen, each of which was associated with a unique combination of metallurgical and environmental condition. SCC growth was evident in two base metal cracks respectively exposed to C2 and NS4. Stress intensity factors at the two cracks were evaluated using extended finite element method. Near‐neutral pH environment effects were observed to have a more pronounced effect on the stress intensity factor threshold for growth than on the growth rate. Higher stress levels and aging likely contribute to the difference in growth rates of different cracks. Electrochemical analysis suggests the corrosion‐crack propagation interplay, with a faster corrosion in the NS4 solution than that in the C2 solution consistent with the observed slower crack growth in NS4.

Investigations on the growth and antibacterial behaviour of bioactive creatininium hydrogen bromide (CRBr) single crystal

The major aim is to synthesize a creatininium hydrogen bromide (CRBr) single crystal through a slow evaporation technique, and its antibacterial activity. According to Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction (SXRD) analysis, the generated crystal belongs to monoclinic structure and centrosymmetric space group P21/n. The optimized structural parameters explain the structural stability with NH…O, CH…O, and OH…O interactions. To verify the existence of intermolecular interactions, Hirshfeld surface analysis of a grown-up single crystal was carried out and that shows the stable nature of the molecule. Intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding, intermolecular charge transfer and delocalization of electron density can all be studied effectively by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. In addition to examining the functional groups, the vibrational analysis gives the absorption peaks and bands associated with the formed crystal. The generated crystal has thermal stability up to 200 °C according to TG/DTA analysis. The material's electronic transition was determined by analyzing the UV–visible absorbance spectrum, showing an optical band gap of 4.2 eV and a lower cut-off wavelength of 265 nm. The charge transfer within the molecule has been elucidated using frontier molecular orbital analysis that shows its antibacterial properties. Molecular electrostatic surface analysis shows that excellent ICT interactions exist in the crystal lattice, where the positive potential is scattered throughout the creatinine portion and the negative region is dispersed on the bromine atom. Molecular docking has been used to examine the compound's antibacterial properties. In addition, the generated compound is tested for its in vitro antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. The above findings demonstrated the remarkable antibacterial effectiveness of the compound under study.

Reaction molecular dynamics study of calcium alumino-silicate hydrate gel in the hydration deposition process at the calcium silicate hydrate interface: The influence of Al/Si

Supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can partially replace cement in concrete production, forming calcium alumino-silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H). This enhances concrete durability while recycling waste. However, the early hydration reaction process of C-A-S-H and its deposition and aggregation behavior at the interface with the primary hydration product of cement, calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), remain unknown. Therefore, this study utilizes reactive molecular dynamics to model the deposition and growth behaviors of C-A-S-H precursors with different Al/Si ratios on C–S–H, and discusses the effects of the Al/Si ratio on C-A-S-H gel aggregation behavior and structural evolution at the C–S–H interface. The results show that increasing Al content significantly promotes the early hydration reaction rate of C-A-S-H gel, the degree of polymerization of silicate chains, and the amount of Qn(n ≥ 2) species. Moreover, higher Al content leads to the precursors aggregating among themselves rather than depositing on the C–S–H substrate surface. The incorporation of Al–O polyhedra can effectively bridge silicate chains on the C–S–H surface and alter the growth patterns of hydration products from linear chains to three-dimensional networks. This work provides molecular-level insights into the influences of the Al/Si ratio on the early hydration reaction process and interfacial deposition behaviors of C-A-S-H gel.

Kinetics formulation for Two-Dimensional Growth Behavior of Water/Ice Interface on Si Substrate.

Sublimation drying is used in the drying process of semiconductor device manufacturing. However, the solidification behavior mechanics of sublimation agents on substrates has not been clarified. Therefore, the properties of solidified films within substrate surfaces can become nonuniform, leading to their collapse. This study aimed to analyze the interface growth behavior during the cooling and solidification of a water/ice system as a basic case and to clarify the dynamic mechanism of the solidification behavior of liquid films on Si substrates. The solidification behavior of a water/ice system on Si substrates was captured on a video at different cooling rates. The recorded video was subjected to a digital image analysis to examine the crystal morphology and quantify the interface growth rate. The least-squares method with kinetic formulas was used to evaluate the feasibility of fitting the temperature variation to the interface growth rate. A visual examination of the morphology of interfacial growth revealed that it can be classified into four morphologies. The proposed kinetic equation describes the experimental results regarding the temperature dependence of the interfacial growth rate. Through image analysis, the interface growth rate of water and ice was quantified, and an evaluation formula was proposed.

On a mathematical model for cancer invasion with repellent pH-taxis and nonlocal intraspecific interaction

Starting from a mesoscopic description of cell migration and intraspecific interactions, we obtain by upscaling an effective reaction–diffusion–taxis equation for the cell population density involving spatial nonlocalities in the source term and biasing its motility and growth behavior according to environmental acidity. We prove global existence, uniqueness, and boundedness of a nonnegative solution to a simplified version of the coupled system describing cell and acidity dynamics. A 1D study of pattern formation is performed. Numerical simulations illustrate the qualitative behavior of solutions.

Synthesis of AuNPs in microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems using aqueous extract of C. chayamansa leaves as reducing agent

This paper explores the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using various microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems. The pseudo-ternary system consists of an aqueous phase / Brij O10: 1,2-hexanediol (1:1) / castor oil; the aqueous phases include the aqueous extract of Chaya Maya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) leaves or aqueous extract of Chaya maya leaves combined with the inorganic gold precursor. Chaya maya extract act as a reducing agent for gold (III) ions. The influence of aqueous phase content and surfactant concentration on gold nanoparticles size, morphology, and stability is investigated. Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to analyze the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The sizes of the gold nanoparticles obtained were influenced by the system composition and are within the range of 19–40 nm. Results indicate that increasing the aqueous phase content generally leads to larger nanoparticle sizes, while higher surfactant concentrations yield smaller nanoparticles. A transition from microemulsion to nano-emulsion is observed at a specific aqueous phase content, marking a shift in nanoparticle size distribution and growth behavior. Additionally, microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems provide stability to gold nanoparticles, as evidenced by measured Zeta potentials indicating negatively charged surfaces conducting to colloidal stability. Also, remark that the use of organometallic precursors is no needed to obtain very good results on nanoparticle size and shape when O/W systems are used to this end. These findings highlight the potential of tailored microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems formulated with low-toxic components for controlling gold nanoparticles properties under mild conditions, contributing to the development of advanced gold nanoparticles-based materials with enhanced functionalities, with implications for diverse applications.

Low-frequency band noise generated by industrial recirculating aquaculture systems exhibits a greater impact on Micropterus salmoidess

The effect of underwater noise environment generated by equipment in industrial recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) on fish is evident. However, different equipment generate noise in various frequency ranges. Understanding the effects of different frequency ranges noise on cultured species is important for optimizing the underwater acoustic environment in RAS. Given this, the effects of underwater noise across various frequency bands in RAS on the growth, physiology, and collective behavior of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were comprehensively evaluated here. In this study, three control groups were established: low-frequency noise group (80–1000 Hz, 117 dB re 1μPa RMS), high-frequency noise group (1–19 kHz, 117 dB re 1μPa RMS), and ambient group. During a 30-day experiment, it was found that: 1) industrial RAS noise with different frequency bands all had a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of fish, which the weight gain rate and product of length and depth of caudal peduncle in the ambient group were significantly higher than those of the two noise groups, with the low-frequency noise group showing significantly lower values than the high-frequency noise group; 2) industrial RAS noise had a certain degree of adverse effect on the digestive ability of fish, with the low-frequency noise group being more affected; 3) industrial RAS noise affected the collective feeding behavior of fish, with the collective feeding signal propagation efficiency and feeding intensity of the noise groups being significantly lower than those of the ambient group, and the high-frequency noise group performing better than the low-frequency noise group as a whole therein. From the above, the underwater noise across different frequency bands generated by equipment operation in industrial RAS both had an impact on juvenile largemouth bass, with the low-frequency noise group being more severely affected.

Effects of Salvinia as a broiler litter material on growth performance, behavior, welfare parameters, litter characters, and ammonia emission

The type of litter material has direct impacts on production, behavioral, and welfare parameters of broilers. The price of conventionally-used litter materials is increasing. Salvinia molesta is a fast-growing aquatic plant which has become an environmental issue in some areas. This study assessed the suitability of air-dried Salvinia plants (SAL) as an alternate litter material to paddy husk (PH). Resulting in a completely randomized experiment, a total of 240 broilers was raised in 12 floor-pens each provided with either PH or SAL as litter materials, from 11 to 36 d. Scan sampling technique was employed to record the birds' engagement in 15 predetermined behaviors. Foot pad dermatitis (FPD), hock burn damage (HBD) and plumage cleanliness (PC) were assessed using Welfare Quality Scoring System. Litter samples were analyzed for pH, dry matter%, water holding capacity, porosity, N%, tapped-density and ammonia emission rate. The litter material had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on mortality, growth performance parameters, dressing % and visceral organ weight. The scores for FPD and PC were unaffected by the litter materials. SAL litter reported significantly lower (P < 0.05) HBD scores. The percentages of birds engaged in eating and wing flapping behaviors were significantly lower on SAL. Litter type had no significant influence on the color, aroma, flavor, texture and overall acceptability of breast meat. Air-dried Salvinia plants reported acidic pH. SAL litter gave a significantly higher tapped-density. Ammonia emission rate of SAL litter was significantly lower than that of PH. However, the final litter N content was higher for PH (3.7%) than SAL (3.2%). The study proposes air-dried Salvinia plants as a litter material for broilers since it gives growth performance comparable to PH with reduced hock burn damage incidences. Effects of SAL on behavior and the fertilizer value of the spent litter are to be studied further.

Early ontogeny of the African bony-tongue (Heterotis niloticus) and the effect of Artemia and rotifer live feeds on larval digestive enzyme activity and performance

High larval and fry mortality has been a major challenge to the commercial culture of the African bony-tongue (Heterotis niloticus). Research indicates inadequate feeding to be a possible cause of the high mortality rates of larvae/fry grown in captivity. An experiment was conducted to first describe the developmental stages of H. niloticus eggs and larvae until schooling, 6 days after hatching (DAH), at 26°C. The morphological development, survival, growth (weight gain and length), and swimming behavior of the larvae were monitored. A follow-up feeding trial was conducted with H. niloticus fry from 6 to 27 DAH involving four treatments: feeding with Artemia nauplii; a combined feed of 50% Artemia nauplii and 50% rotifers (w/w); feeding with rotifers; and no feeding. The activities of three digestive enzymes (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) were assessed in fry exposed to the live feed treatments. At hatching, the larvae had a large, vascularized yolk sac filled with yolk platelets, which occupied approximately one-third of the total body length of the abdominal cavity. Yolk platelet reabsorption started at 1 DAH and was complete at 6 DAH. Metamorphosis was completed at 6 DAH, and schooling behavior was observed. For the feeding trial, the fry that received Artemia nauplii underwent the fastest development until 27 DAH. Similarly, the survival rate was considerably higher in fry fed with Artemia nauplii than in those that received a combination of Artemia nauplii and rotifers or only rotifers. Overall, the survival rates for fry fed with Artemia nauplii and larvae co-fed were 72.7% ± 0.9% and 41.2% ± 3.3%, respectively. Fry did not survive until 27 DAH in the rotifer-fed and unfed treatment groups. Digestive enzyme activity differed significantly (p&amp;lt; 0.05) between treatments and sampling dates. All digestive enzymes were detectable at the onset of mouth opening (5 DAH) and fluctuated through the 7 and 9 DAH. Lower enzyme activity was observed when the fry were subjected to starvation or the rotifer treatment. Results indicate that Artemia nauplii is the best live feed organism for H. niloticus larviculture.

Electrochemical etching of n-type GaN in different electrolytes

Nanosized pores were introduced into GaN epitaxial films via electrochemical (EC) etching in strong electrolytes including NaOH, HNO3, NaNO3, and NaCl. The growth behaviors of GaN nanopores show a strong correlation with the electrolyte types under the same applied bias and electrolyte concentration. Specifically, the resulting morphologies (e.g. pore growth direction and pore size) were mainly pertinent to the anions instead of cations. Pore sizes as small as a few nanometers and pore directions between the horizontal and vertical directions can be adjusted by selecting the electrolytes and etching voltages. The depletion model was employed to interpret the carrier flow pathways, and the pore propagation direction can be regarded as the sum of etch rate vectors of intended etching direction and preferential oxidation direction. Finally, the near-infrared nanoporous (NP) GaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) were manufactured by the EC etching in different electrolytes. Our study points out that the type of anions in electrolyte greatly impacts pore morphologies of EC etched GaN:Si, thereby affecting the future applications.

Effect of High Temperature on Growth and Yield Attributes of Indian Mustard Genotypes Due to Late Sown

The present investigation entitled “Effect of high temperature on growth and yield attributes of Indian mustard genotypes due to late sown” was conducted in randomized block design (RBD) with 12th new promising mustard genotypes viz., Vardan, Ashirwad, NPJ-207, NPJ-208, RGN-403, PBR-417, DRMRIJ 16-3, DRMR-2035, RRN-911, RH-1556, RGN-368 and BPR 541-4 widely differing in their growth behavior during two consecutive years (2017-18 and 2018-19). Study their genotypic variability for morphological, yield, and its attributes under late sown conditions. Results revealed that growth in terms of plant height, biomass accumulation, branching behavior, leaf area, growth parameters, yield, and its components varied significantly among tested mustard genotypes during both years of study under late-sown conditions. Findings indicated that mustard genotypes viz., DRMRIJ 16-3, RGN-403, and RH-1556 recorded higher values of total branches plant-1, leaf area (cm2), dry matter accumulation at harvest (g), siliquae on different branches, number of seeds/siliqua, seed yield/plant, biological yield per plant, test weight, harvest index as compared to other genotypes under late sown condition.