Synthesis of AuNPs in microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems using aqueous extract of C. chayamansa leaves as reducing agent

Abstract

This paper explores the synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles using various microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems. The pseudo-ternary system consists of an aqueous phase / Brij O10: 1,2-hexanediol (1:1) / castor oil; the aqueous phases include the aqueous extract of Chaya Maya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) leaves or aqueous extract of Chaya maya leaves combined with the inorganic gold precursor. Chaya maya extract act as a reducing agent for gold (III) ions. The influence of aqueous phase content and surfactant concentration on gold nanoparticles size, morphology, and stability is investigated. Dynamic Light Scattering, Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, and UV-Vis spectroscopy are employed to analyze the synthesized gold nanoparticles. The sizes of the gold nanoparticles obtained were influenced by the system composition and are within the range of 19–40 nm. Results indicate that increasing the aqueous phase content generally leads to larger nanoparticle sizes, while higher surfactant concentrations yield smaller nanoparticles. A transition from microemulsion to nano-emulsion is observed at a specific aqueous phase content, marking a shift in nanoparticle size distribution and growth behavior. Additionally, microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems provide stability to gold nanoparticles, as evidenced by measured Zeta potentials indicating negatively charged surfaces conducting to colloidal stability. Also, remark that the use of organometallic precursors is no needed to obtain very good results on nanoparticle size and shape when O/W systems are used to this end. These findings highlight the potential of tailored microemulsion and nano-emulsion systems formulated with low-toxic components for controlling gold nanoparticles properties under mild conditions, contributing to the development of advanced gold nanoparticles-based materials with enhanced functionalities, with implications for diverse applications.